GARANTIA DE DIREITOS E JUDICIALIZAÇÃO: MEDIDAS SOCIOEDUCATIVAS EM MEIO ABERTO NO RIO DE JANEIRO

This study synthesizes the main results of a study conducted in Rio de Janeiro in 2017 about the social-educational measure in open setting, aimed at the adolescent population charged with a juvenile offence. The study discusses aspects of the implementation of such services which suggest a strict process of judicial control and those which suggest the guarantee of the rights of the adolescents. The authors analyze the processes related to the social-educational processes of the programs Supervised Liberty (LA) and Community Service (PSC) at the Reference Centers for Social Assistance Special Services (CREAS) of the Rio de Janeiro Secretariat for Social Services and Human Rights. The study contributes to the analysis of such initiatives as being conducted mainly as a response to judicial orders and/or as a means to promote effective human rights and social protection to the adolescents and their families.Este texto apresenta os principais resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no Rio de Janeiro em 2017 com foco sobre as medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto dirigidas à população adolescente a quem se atribui autoria de ato infracional. Propõe-se a discutir aspectos da execução deste serviço que transitam entre a judicialização e a garantia de direitos dos/as adolescentes atendidos/as. Os autores analisam processos referentes às medidas socioeducativas de Liberdade Assistida (LA) e de Prestação de Serviço à Comunidade (PSC), junto aos Centros de Referência Especializado em Assistência Social (CREAS) do município do Rio de Janeiro, com base na análise de dados que constam nos Planos Individuais de Atendimento (PIAs) e nos prontuários dos/das adolescentes. A pesquisa contribui para a reflexão sobre em que medida as ações inscritas na execução da política pública tendem a responder a um processo estrito de judicialização e/ou a promover a efetivação de direitos humanos e a proteção sócioassistencial dos/das adolescentes e suas famílias

Photoreceptors UVR8 and phytochrome B cooperate to optimize plant growth and defense in patchy canopies

Light is a critical source of information for plants. Plants use the phytochromes (particularly phyB) to detect light signals associated with the proximity of competitors. A low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) radiation (R:FR) indicates increased competition intensity, and triggers morphological responses that allow the plant to escape shading from its neighbors (the shade avoidance syndrome, SAS). Recent evidence from studies on light regulation of plant immunity has suggested that plants may also use ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 290-315 nm) radiation as an indicator of competition intensity and light availability. In addition, recent studies have shown that UV-B radiation can strongly repress SAS responses triggered by low R:FR ratios. Ambient UV-B radiation causes damaging effects on plants, such as DNA damage, and also induces adaptive photomorphogenic responses acting through a specific UV-B photoreceptor (UVR8). Therefore, the possibility exists that plants integrate information perceived by phyB and UVR8 to make decisions about growth and defense when faced with a complex light environment, such as the one that characterizes vegetation canopies. In this Letter, we address this possibility and discuss how the interplay between UV-B and R:FR signaling fine tunes plant growth and defense to optimize resource utilization in patchy canopy environments.Fil: Mazza, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Ballare, Carlos Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); Argentin

In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of Dipteryx alata Vogel extract

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Dipteryx alata </it>Vogel popularly known as "baru" is an important commercial leguminous tree species from the Brazilian Cerrado, which possess medicinal properties, besides its fruits consumption by animals and humans. The use of the "naturally occurring plants" as herbal remedies and foods mainly from leaves, seeds, flowers and roots of plants or extracts require precautions before ensuring these are safe and efficacious. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of <it>D. alata </it>barks extract.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Vegetal drugs of <it>D. alata </it>barks were submitted to quality control assays and further to the safety assays under 1) <it>in vitro </it>parameter by <it>Salmonella </it>(Ames) mutagenicity, and 2) <it>in vivo </it>parameter on the pregnancy of rats.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The extract was non-mutagenic to any of the assessed strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 even after metabolic activation (+S9). All <it>in vivo </it>parameters (reproductive ability evaluation, physical development of rat offsprings, and neurobehavioral development assays) showed no changes related to control group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>D. alata </it>barks extract is neither mutagenic by the Ames test nor toxic in the pregnancy of rats, with no physical-neurobehavioral consequences on the rat offsprings development.</p

Cold and humid Atlantic forest during the late glacial, northern Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil

The Atlantic Rainforest, covering the area from the northern Espirito Santo to Southern Bahia states, has been considered as a stable forest during Pleistocene Glacial times. Despite the modelling and phylogenetic studies, this hypothesis has never been tested with empirical paleo-data and vegetation reconstruction. By using palynology, radiocarbon dating, carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotope of organic matter, we reconstructed the vegetation dynamics and inferred climatic changes since Late Pleistocene in the centre of this global biodiversity hotspot. Our results show that the forest biome was resilient to Last Glacial Maximum - LGM conditions, but floristics has changed when compared to nowadays. Since late glacial, the dense forest changed from cold to warm specimens. Major vegetation changes also occurred during early and mid-Holocene less humid conditions, with an opening of the forest, suggesting that future drought may have negative impacts and highlighting the importance of forest conservation to keep the Atlantic Rainforest biodiversity