Kajian Awal Prospek Bahan Galian Monasit Mengandung U Dan Elemen Asosiasinya Di Semelangan Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat

Daerah Semelangan termasuk dalam cakupan area geologi regional Ketapang. Analisis kadar geokimia contoh sedimen yang menunjukkan bahwa daerah Semelangan, Kecamatan Nanga Tayap, Kabupaten Ketapang teridentifikasi mengandung endapan mineral radioaktif berupa monasit yang mengandung uranium (U) dan unsur tanah jarang (rare earth elements, REE) yang cukup potensial. Keberadaan elemen radioaktif telah teridentifikasi dari hasil analisis granulometri beberapa sampel mineral berat yang mengandung mineral monasit mencapai 63% dan beberapa sampel mengandung butiran zirkon mencapai 40% (dari jumlah butiran), hasil analisis butiran dari contoh batuan terdapat contoh yang mengandung monasit 0,11%. Studi di daerah ini dilakukan dengan melakukan kajian data sekunder dan evaluasi data laboratorium. Kajian mencakup aspek geologi, batuan sumber, perangkap dan interpretasi sebaran plaser monasit mengandung U, Th dan zirkon beserta REE. Tujuan yang ingin diperoleh adalah informasi tentang karakter geologi dan sebaran sumberdaya bahan galian monasit mengandung Th dan U serta REE dalam monasit dan zircon. Batuan sumber bahan galian monasit, berupa granit berumur 77–115 juta (Yura – Kapur Akhir), termasuk tipe S dari kelompok granit alkali yang terbentuk pada fasa pegmatitik (pegmatitic stage) yang terdefrensiasi tingkat lanjut pada suhu 550 – 600°C. Nilai radioaktivitas anomali batuan granit biotit (400 c/s - 9200 c/s) dicirikan kandungan oleh mineral berupa K-felspar, kuarsa dan plagioklas (rasio K-felspar terhadap plagioklas bervariasi dari 80 – 100 berbanding 10) mengandung mineral penyerta berupa thorit, monasit, zirkon dan alanit. Kadar U batuan granit berkisar dari 2,5 ppm- 64,8 ppm. Sebaran lateral sedimen plaser aluvium mengandung monasit menempati dataran dari lembah banjir antar perbukitan, terletak terpisah dari dataran pantai mengikuti pola sebaran batuan granit (sumber monasit). Daerah propek monasit terletak pada dataran lembah banjir dari DAS S. Pawan, DAS S. Tulah dan DAS S. Laur dengan luas total 2.113.500 Ha. Semelangan study area included in the regional geology Ketapang. Geochemical analysis of sediment samples that represented showed that the region Semelangan Ketapang, District Nanga Tayap, Ketapang identified monazite deposite containing radioactive mineral. The monazite minerals containing rare earth element are potential. The presence of radioactive elements have been identified by the analysis granulometry of some pan consentrate samples. They containt of monazite grain mineral to reach 63% and some sample content of zircon grain mineral up to 40% (from total grains), grain analysis of rock samples are samples containing monazite 0.11 %. Activities study in this area is done by studying ecxisting data and laboratory data evaluation, which covering studies geological aspects, source rock, trap and plaser monazite deposits containing U, Th and REE and zircon. The objective is to obtain information about the character of geological and mineral resource distribution of monazite containing Th and U and rare earth elements in monazite and zircon. Source rock of the monazite minerals is a granite with aged 77-15 million (Yura - Late Cretaceous), including the S type granite group that formed in the alkali granite pegmatitic stage, which highly differentiated advanced at a temperature 550-6000°C. The radioactivity anomalous values is 400 c/s – 9200 c/s (biotite granite) with a mineral character of the form K-feldspar, quartz and plagioclase (K-feldspar to plagioclase ratio varies from 80-100 versus 10), containing minerals association such as thorit, monazite, zircon and alanit. The U content in granite rock ranging from 2.5 ppm - 64.8 ppm U. Lateral distribution plaser alluvial sediments contain monazite occupy flood plains of the valley between the hills, is located separately from the coastal plain and following the granite distribution pattern (source monazite). Monazite prospect region lies at the flood plains of the valley catcment area S. Pawan, S. Tulah and S Laur with a total area of 2.1135 million hectares

Knockdown of Drosophila hemoglobin suggests a role in O2 homeostasis

Almost all insects are equipped with a tracheal system, which appears to be sufficient for O2 supply even in phases of high metabolic activity. Therefore, with the exception of a few species dwelling in hypoxic habitats, specialized respiratory proteins had been considered unnecessary in insects. The recent discovery and apparently universal presence of intracellular hemoglobins in insects has remained functionally unexplained. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster harbors three different globin genes (referred to as glob1-3). Glob1 is the most highly expressed globin and essentially occurs in the tracheal system and the fat body. To better understand the functions of insect globins, the levels of glob1 were modulated in Drosophila larvae and adults by RNAi-mediated knockdown and transgenic over-expression. No effects on the development were observed in flies with manipulated glob1 levels. However, the knockdown of glob1 led to a significantly reduced survival rate of adult flies under hypoxia (5% and 1.5% O2). Surprisingly, the glob1 knockdown flies also displayed increased resistance towards the reactive oxygen species-forming agent paraquat, which may be explained by a restricted availability of O2 resulting in decreased formation of harmful O2(-). In summary, our results suggest an important functional role of glob1 in O2 homeostasis, possibly by enhancing O2 supply

Accurate implant fit and leg alignment after cruciate-retaining patient-specific total knee arthroplasty

Background For improved outcomes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) correct implant fitting and positioning are crucial. In order to facilitate a best possible implant fitting and positioning patient-specific systems have been developed. However, whether or not these systems allow for better implant fitting and positioning has yet to be elucidated. For this reason, the aim was to analyse the novel patient-specific cruciate retaining knee replacement system iTotal (TM) CR G2 that utilizes custom-made implants and instruments for its ability to facilitate accurate implant fitting and positioning including correction of the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA). Methods We assessed radiographic results of 106 patients who were treated with the second generation of a patient-specific cruciate retaining knee arthroplasty using iTotal$^{TM}$ CR G2 (ConforMIS Inc.) for tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA) using custom-made implants and instruments. The implant fit and positioning as well as the correction of the mechanical axis (hip-knee-ankle angle, HKA) and restoration of the joint line were determined using pre- and postoperative radiographic analyses. Results On average, HKA was corrected from 174.4 degrees +/- 4.6 degrees preoperatively to 178.8 degrees +/- 2.2 degrees postoperatively and the coronal femoro-tibial angle was adjusted on average 4.4 degrees. The measured preoperative tibial slope was 5.3 degrees +/- 2.2 degrees (mean +/- SD) and the average postoperative tibial slope was 4.7 degrees +/- 1.1 degrees on lateral views. The joint line was well preserved with an average modified Insall-Salvati index of 1.66 +/- 0.16 pre- and 1.67 +/- 0.16 postoperatively. The overall accuracy of fit of implant components was decent with a measured medial overhang of more than 1 mm (1.33 mm +/- 0.32 mm) in 4 cases only. Further, a lateral overhang of more than 1 mm (1.8 mm +/- 0.63) (measured in the anterior-posterior radiographs) was observed in 11 cases, with none of the 106 patients showing femoral notching. Conclusion The patient-specific iTotal$^{TM}$ CR G2 total knee replacement system facilitated a proper fitting and positioning of the implant components. Moreover, a good restoration of the leg axis towards neutral alignment was achieved as planned. Nonetheless, further clinical follow-up studies are necessary to validate our findings and to determine the long-term impact of using this patient- specific system

All-Food-Seq (AFS) : a quantifiable screen for species in biological samples by deep DNA sequencing

BACKGROUND: DNA-based methods like PCR efficiently identify and quantify the taxon composition of complex biological materials, but are limited to detecting species targeted by the choice of the primer assay. We show here how untargeted deep sequencing of foodstuff total genomic DNA, followed by bioinformatic analysis of sequence reads, facilitates highly accurate identification of species from all kingdoms of life, at the same time enabling quantitative measurement of the main ingredients and detection of unanticipated food components. RESULTS: Sequence data simulation and real-case Illumina sequencing of DNA from reference sausages composed of mammalian (pig, cow, horse, sheep) and avian (chicken, turkey) species are able to quantify material correctly at the 1% discrimination level via a read counting approach. An additional metagenomic step facilitates identification of traces from animal, plant and microbial DNA including unexpected species, which is prospectively important for the detection of allergens and pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that deep sequencing of total genomic DNA from samples of heterogeneous taxon composition promises to be a valuable screening tool for reference species identification and quantification in biosurveillance applications like food testing, potentially alleviating some of the problems in taxon representation and quantification associated with targeted PCR-based approaches

Data from: Chironomus riparius (Diptera) genome sequencing reveals the impact of minisatellite transposable elements on population divergence

Active transposable elements (TEs) may result in divergent genomic insertion and abundance patterns among conspecific populations. Upon secondary contact, such divergent genetic backgrounds can theoretically give rise to classical Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (DMI), thus contributing to the evolution of endogenous genetic barriers and eventually cause population divergence. We investigated differential TE abundance among conspecific populations of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius and evaluated their potential role in causing endogenous genetic incompatibilities between these populations. We focussed on a Chironomus-specific TE, the minisatellite-like Cla-element, whose activity is associated with speciation in the genus. Using a newly generated and annotated draft genome for a genomic study with five natural C. riparius populations, we found highly population-specific TE insertion patterns with many private insertions. A significant correlation of the pairwise FST estimated from genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the FST estimated from TEs, is consistent with drift as the major force driving TE population differentiation. However, the significantly higher Cla-element FST level due to a high proportion of differentially fixed Cla-element insertions also indicates selection against segregating (i.e. heterozygous) insertions. With reciprocal crossing experiments and fluorescent in-situ hybridisation of Cla-elements to polytene chromosomes, we documented phenotypic effects on female fertility and chromosomal mispairings. We propose that the inferred negative selection on heterozygous Cla-element insertions may cause endogenous genetic barriers and therefore acts as DMI among C. riparius populations. The intrinsic genomic turnover exerted by TEs may thus have a direct impact on population divergence that is operationally different from drift and local adaptation

NMF_50Mio_pe.sorted.bam

50 Mio random pe reads of Pool-Seq data NMF (Lorraine) mapped to Crip_Laufer draft genome. Raw reads available at EMBL-EBI ENA ERS159006

Test of light-lepton universality in τ\tau decays with the Belle II experiment

International audienceWe present a measurement of the ratio $R_\mu = \mathcal{B}(\tau^-\to \mu^-\bar\nu_\mu\nu_\tau) / \mathcal{B}(\tau^-\to e^-\bar\nu_e\nu_\tau)$ of branching fractions $\mathcal{B}$ of the $\tau$ lepton decaying to muons or electrons using data collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. The sample has an integrated luminosity of 362 fb$^{-1}$ at a centre-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. Using an optimised event selection, a binned maximum likelihood fit is performed using the momentum spectra of the electron and muon candidates. The result, $R_\mu = 0.9675 \pm 0.0007 \pm 0.0036$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic, is the most precise to date. It provides a stringent test of the light-lepton universality, translating to a ratio of the couplings of the muon and electron to the $W$ boson in $\tau$ decays of $0.9974 \pm 0.0019$, in agreement with the standard model expectation of unity

Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at (s)\sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV

Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0.46 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2.4 and +2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dN(charged)/d(eta) for |eta| < 0.5, are 3.48 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.) and 4.47 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.16 (syst.), respectively. The results at 0.9 TeV are in agreement with previous measurements and confirm the expectation of near equal hadron production in p-pbar and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date