New masculinities and pedagogy of freedom

Objeto: La investigación sobre masculinidades en educación se ha centrado principalmente en analizar la organización de los espacios escolares y la atención prestada a los alumnos y a las alumnas. Este análisis ha corroborado la existencia de desigualdades de género en los centros escolares, entre ellas la violencia de género. Este artículo partirá de este bagaje pero tiene como objetivo presentar conocimiento nuevo sobre la influencia de la educación liberadora en la promoción de nuevas masculinidades alternativas. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: A partir de una metodología cualitativa de orientación comunicativa se ha recogido la voz de chicos jóvenes y adultos que han participado en actuaciones educativas, basadas en una pedagogía liberadora, que han contribuido a su transformación o consolidación en nuevas masculinidades alternativas. Aportaciones y resultados: Los resultados explican por qué la educación liberadora puede contribuir a potenciar nuevas masculinidades alternativas. Especial hincapié se realiza en la evolución de las masculinidades tradicionales oprimidas hacia nuevas masculinidades alternativas. En este sentido se subraya cómo las primeras, que no contribuyen a la violencia género pero tampoco la superan, están caminando hacia el modelo de las nuevas masculinidades alternativas gracias a los planteamientos organizativos de la educación liberadora. Implicaciones prácticas: Proveer de conocimiento científico que sirva de base para prácticas educativas dirigidas a la prevención de la violencia de género. Implicaciones sociales: El impacto social se refiere al efecto del conocimiento científico en la calidad educativa y en la socialización en modelos de masculinidad alternativos superadores del acoso y la violencia de género. Originalidad / Valor añadido: El artículo ofrece conocimiento nuevo en el ámbito de la coeducación que permite superar la doble moral y la atracción hacia la violencia reproducida por los modelos de masculinidad tradicional.Purpose: The research on masculinity in education has mainly been focused on analyze the organization of schools and the attention given to the students. This analysis has confirmed the existence of gender inequalities in schools, within them gender violence. This article will start from this background but has as objective to provide new knowledge about the pedagogy of freedom in the promotion of new alternative masculinities. Design/methodology: From a communicative-oriented qualitative methodology the voices of young boys and adult men that have been involved in educational actions, based on a pedagogy of freedom which have contributed to foster new alternative masculinities, have been collected. Findings: The results explain why the pedagogy of freedom can contribute to foster new alternative masculinities. Special attention is paid in the evolution of oppressed traditional masculinities (OTM) to new alternative masculinities (NAM). In this regard, it is highlighted how OTM, that not contributes to gender violence but overcome neither, are walking to become NAM thanks to the organizational approach of the pedagogy of freedom. Practical implications: To provide scientific knowledge which could be used as a basis of the educational practices addressed to prevent gender violence. Social implications: The social impact refers to the effect of scientific knowledge in the educational quality and in the socialization of alternative masculinities which overcome harassment and gender violence. Originality/value: The article provides of new knowledge on the coeducational field which allows overcoming the double standards and the attraction against the violence reproduced in the traditional masculinity models

The Language of Ethics and Double Standards in the Affective and Sexual Socialization of Youth. Communicative Acts in the Family Environment as Protective or Risk Factors of Intimate Partner Violence

One of the explanatory factors for the perpetuation of intimate partner violence (IPV) is the socialization process. There is broad literature on the role of family in socializing gender roles and the influence on reproducing IPV. However, less research has been developed on the effects of communicative acts in the family environment as a protective or risk factor in front of IPV. This article presents sound evidence confirming the presence of language of ethics that is reproducing stereotyped models of attraction in heterosexual relationships, which empties good people of attractiveness and indirectly contributes to maintain the link between desire and aggressiveness. The language of ethics is characterized by integrating speech acts that exclusively include ethics and exclude desire when talking about egalitarian boys or men. To analyze this reality, a qualitative study has been conducted framed in the communicative methodology. This methodology has been recommended by the European Commission to conduct research on vulnerable groups and social inequalities, which has the aim to advance knowledge on social transformation. Drawing on this approach, three different data-collection techniques have been implemented: in-depth interviews, daily-life stories and focus groups. The fieldwork includes a sample of 52 young men and women between the ages of 18 and 23 from a vocational training high school, and 4 fathers and 4 mothers of some of these young people. The findings confirm the existence of a model of socialization that replicates family relations based on the maintenance of the double standards. Thus, mothers used to employ the language of ethics with their daughters fostering a controversial effect, that is, the latter prefer to start affective and sexual relationships with boys who are aggressive and not egalitarian. On the other hand, fathers used to employ language of desire with their sons stimulating the performance of chauvinist behaviors that denigrate women and girls

Sigh in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the PROTECTION pilot randomized clinical trial

Background: Sigh is a cyclic brief recruitment manoeuvre: previous physiological studies showed that its use could be an interesting addition to pressure support ventilation to improve lung elastance, decrease regional heterogeneity and increase release of surfactant. Research question: Is the clinical application of sigh during pressure support ventilation (PSV) feasible? Study design and methods: We conducted a multi-center non-inferiority randomized clinical trial on adult intubated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome undergoing PSV. Patients were randomized to the No Sigh group and treated by PSV alone, or to the Sigh group, treated by PSV plus sigh (increase of airway pressure to 30 cmH2Ofor 3 seconds once per minute) until day 28 or death or successful spontaneous breathing trial. The primary endpoint of the study was feasibility, assessed as non-inferiority (5% tolerance) in the proportion of patients failing assisted ventilation. Secondary outcomes included safety, physiological parameters in the first week from randomization, 28-day mortality and ventilator-free days. Results: Two-hundred fifty-eight patients (31% women; median age 65 [54-75] years) were enrolled. In the Sigh group, 23% of patients failed to remain on assisted ventilation vs. 30% in the No Sigh group (absolute difference -7%, 95%CI -18% to 4%; p=0.015 for non-inferiority). Adverse events occurred in 12% vs. 13% in Sigh vs. No Sigh (p=0.852). Oxygenation was improved while tidal volume, respiratory rate and corrected minute ventilation were lower over the first 7 days from randomization in Sigh vs. No Sigh. There was no significant difference in terms of mortality (16% vs. 21%, p=0.342) and ventilator-free days (22 [7-26] vs. 22 [3-25] days, p=0.300) for Sigh vs. No Sigh. Interpretation: Among hypoxemic intubated ICU patients, application of sigh was feasible and without increased risk

Estratègies d'èxit per a promoure la cohesió social des de l'educació

Com a tot espai comunitari, l'arribada de població nouvinguda s'ha fet sentir fortament a les escoles, accentuant una creixent complexitat social intrínseca a la societat contemporània. L'escola és una de les eines de socialització més importants de què disposem. Un espai on formem persones, ciutadans i ciutadanes, les noves generacions que definiran el país en els propers anys. I per això, garantir la cohesió social dins de les aules, no només afavoreix l'èxit educatiu dels alumnes, sinó que també beneficia la construcció d'uns llaços comunitaris i unes pautes de convivència imprescindibles per afrontar els reptes de les societats complexes

Thermal infrared video stabilization for aerial monitoring of active wildfires

Measuring wildland fire behaviour is essential forfire science and fire management. Aerial thermal infrared (TIR)imaging provides outstanding opportunities to acquire suchinformation remotely. Variables such as fire rate of spread(ROS), fire radiative power (FRP) and fire line intensity maybe measured explicitly both in time and space, providing thenecessary data to study the response of fire behaviour to weather,vegetation, topography and firefighting efforts. However, raw TIRimagery acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) requiresstabilization and georeferencing before any other processing canbe performed. Aerial video usually suffers from instabilitiesproduced by sensor movement. This problem is especially acutenear an active wildfire due to fire-generated turbulence. Fur-thermore, the nature of fire TIR video presents some specificchallenges that hinder robust inter-frame registration. There-fore, this paper presents a software-based video stabilizationalgorithm specifically designed for thermal infrared imageryof forest fires. After a comparative analysis of existing imageregistration algorithms, the KAZE feature-matching method wasselected and accompanied by pre- and post-processing modules.These included foreground histogram equalization and a multi-reference framework designed to increase the algorithm’s robust-ness in the presence of missing or faulty frames. Performanceof the proposed algorithm was validated in a total of ninevideo sequences acquired during field fire experiments. Theproposed algorithm yielded a registration accuracy between 10and 1000 times higher than other tested methods, returned 10xmore meaningful feature matches and proved robust in thepresence of faulty video frames. The ability to automaticallycancel camera movement for every frame in a video sequencesolves a key limitation in data processing pipelines and opensthe door to a number of systematic fire behaviour experimentalanalyses. Moreover, a completely automated process supports thedevelopment of decision support tools that can operate in realtime during an emergency.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction therapy prior to autologous transplant in multiple myeloma.

Achieving and maintaining a high-quality response is the treatment goal for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). The phase 3 PETHEMA/GEM2012 study, in 458 patients aged ≤65 years with NDMM, is evaluating bortezomib (subcutaneous) + lenalidomide + dexamethasone (VRD) for 6 cycles followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) conditioned with IV busulfan + melphalan vs melphalan and posttransplant consolidation with 2 cycles of VRD. We present grouped response analysis of induction, transplant, and consolidation. Responses deepened over time; in patients who initiated cycle 6 of induction (n = 426), the rates of a very good partial response or better were 55.6% by cycle 3, 63.8% by cycle 4, 68.3% by cycle 5, and 70.4% after induction. The complete response rate of 33.4% after induction in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, which was similar in the 92 patients with high-risk cytogenetics (34.8%), also deepened with further treatment (44.1% after ASCT and 50.2% after consolidation). Rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (median 3 × 10-6 sensitivity) in the ITT population also increased from induction (28.8%) to transplant (42.1%) and consolidation (45.2%). The most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events during induction were neutropenia (12.9%) and infection (9.2%). Grade ≥2 peripheral neuropathy (grouped term) during induction was 17.0%, with a low frequency of grade 3 (3.7%) and grade 4 (0.2%) events. VRD is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for induction in NDMM with deepening response throughout induction and over the course of treatment. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01916252 and EudraCT as #2012-005683-10

Unsupervised machine learning improves risk stratification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an analysis of the Spanish Myeloma Group

The International Staging System (ISS) and the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) are commonly used prognostic scores in multiple myeloma (MM). These methods have significant gaps, particularly among intermediate-risk groups. The aim of this study was to improve risk stratification in newly diagnosed MM patients using data from three different trials developed by the Spanish Myeloma Group. For this, we applied an unsupervised machine learning clusterization technique on a set of clinical, biochemical and cytogenetic variables, and we identified two novel clusters of patients with significantly different survival. The prognostic precision of this clusterization was superior to those of ISS and R-ISS scores, and appeared to be particularly useful to improve risk stratification among R-ISS 2 patients. Additionally, patients assigned to the low-risk cluster in the GEM05 over 65 years trial had a significant survival benefit when treated with VMP as compared with VTD. In conclusion, we describe a simple prognostic model for newly diagnosed MM whose predictions are independent of the ISS and R-ISS scores. Notably, the model is particularly useful in order to re-classify R-ISS score 2 patients in 2 different prognostic subgroups. The combination of ISS, R-ISS and unsupervised machine learning clusterization brings a promising approximation to improve MM risk stratification

Large T cell clones expressing immune checkpoints increase during multiple myeloma evolution and predict treatment resistance

Abstract Tumor recognition by T cells is essential for antitumor immunity. A comprehensive characterization of T cell diversity may be key to understanding the success of immunomodulatory drugs and failure of PD-1 blockade in tumors such as multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we use single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing to characterize bone marrow T cells from healthy adults (n = 4) and patients with precursor (n = 8) and full-blown MM (n = 10). Large T cell clones from patients with MM expressed multiple immune checkpoints, suggesting a potentially dysfunctional phenotype. Dual targeting of PD-1 + LAG3 or PD-1 + TIGIT partially restored their function in mice with MM. We identify phenotypic hallmarks of large intratumoral T cell clones, and demonstrate that the CD27− and CD27+ T cell ratio, measured by flow cytometry, may serve as a surrogate of clonal T cell expansions and an independent prognostic factor in 543 patients with MM treated with lenalidomide-based treatment combinations