El promotor de empresa : aspectos económicos y jurídicos

Fil: Riofrancos, Osvaldo

Contesting extraction: State-making, democracy, and large scale mining in Ecuador

In a historic shift, protest and policymaking in Ecuador now centers on the very desirability of resource extraction. Indigenous, environmental, and anti-mining and anti-oil organizations are in conflict with the state and corporations over what activists call extractivism : the resource-dependent development model that has historically prevailed in Ecuador. This conflict has recast the terms of debate and policymaking with respect to constitutionalism, democracy, and state-formation. Across Latin America, the commodity boom and expanding extractive frontier have generated tensions between national administrations and local communities. But anti-extractive protest in Ecuador stands out in terms of scale, intensity, and political consequences. It illuminates the understudied political ideologies and alignments emerging in the wake of a more than two-decade long reorientation in the regional paradigms of development and democracy. My dissertation asks under what conditions — and with what consequences — resource extraction became the site of intense political conflict in Ecuador. Theoretically, it asks, how do political discourses become available, institutionalize, and advance — or undermine — political projects? Based on fourteenth months of ethnographic and archival research, I argue that the emergence and institutionalization of the discourse of anti-extractivism in Ecuador was the product of a critical juncture marked by the inauguration of leftist President Rafael Correa (2007-present), the rewriting of the Constitution (2007-2008), and the administration\u27s promotion of large scale mining — a new extractive sector in an oil-dependent country. This juncture was the condition of possibility of a realignment that drove a wedge between a leftist president and his erstwhile social movement allies. Theoretically, I argue that discourses such as anti-extractivism are institutions: they enable and constrain political action, require mechanisms of reproduction to endure in time and proliferate across space, and transform due to endogenous processes and exogenous circumstances — often with unintended consequences. Understanding the conditions under which discourses institutionalize gives us insight into how and when political rhetoric shapes public policy and institutional design. Accordingly, my project reconsiders the importance of discourse in the study of politics, and contributes to scholarship on new regional patterns of state-formation, democratic governance, state-society relations, and the political economy of resource extraction

Contesting extraction: State-making, democracy, and large scale mining in Ecuador

In a historic shift, protest and policymaking in Ecuador now centers on the very desirability of resource extraction. Indigenous, environmental, and anti-mining and anti-oil organizations are in conflict with the state and corporations over what activists call extractivism : the resource-dependent development model that has historically prevailed in Ecuador. This conflict has recast the terms of debate and policymaking with respect to constitutionalism, democracy, and state-formation. Across Latin America, the commodity boom and expanding extractive frontier have generated tensions between national administrations and local communities. But anti-extractive protest in Ecuador stands out in terms of scale, intensity, and political consequences. It illuminates the understudied political ideologies and alignments emerging in the wake of a more than two-decade long reorientation in the regional paradigms of development and democracy. My dissertation asks under what conditions — and with what consequences — resource extraction became the site of intense political conflict in Ecuador. Theoretically, it asks, how do political discourses become available, institutionalize, and advance — or undermine — political projects? Based on fourteenth months of ethnographic and archival research, I argue that the emergence and institutionalization of the discourse of anti-extractivism in Ecuador was the product of a critical juncture marked by the inauguration of leftist President Rafael Correa (2007-present), the rewriting of the Constitution (2007-2008), and the administration\u27s promotion of large scale mining — a new extractive sector in an oil-dependent country. This juncture was the condition of possibility of a realignment that drove a wedge between a leftist president and his erstwhile social movement allies. Theoretically, I argue that discourses such as anti-extractivism are institutions: they enable and constrain political action, require mechanisms of reproduction to endure in time and proliferate across space, and transform due to endogenous processes and exogenous circumstances — often with unintended consequences. Understanding the conditions under which discourses institutionalize gives us insight into how and when political rhetoric shapes public policy and institutional design. Accordingly, my project reconsiders the importance of discourse in the study of politics, and contributes to scholarship on new regional patterns of state-formation, democratic governance, state-society relations, and the political economy of resource extraction

Energy development reveals blind spots for ecosystem conservation in the Amazon Basin

Energy development – as manifested by the proliferation of hydroelectric dams and increased oil and gas exploration – is a driver of change in Amazonian ecosystems. However, prevailing approaches to Amazonian ecosystem conservation that focus on terrestrial protected areas and Indigenous territories do not offer sufficient insurance against the risks associated with energy development. Here, we explore three related areas of concern: the exclusion of subsurface rights on Indigenous lands; the absence of frameworks for freshwater ecosystem conservation; and downgrading, downsizing, degazettement (loss of protection), and reclassification of protected areas. We consider these issues from the perspectives of multiple countries across the Amazon Basin, and link them directly to energy development. Finally, we offer suggestions for addressing the challenges of energy development for Amazon ecosystem conservation through existing policies, new approaches, and international collaboration.Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Sciences program [NNX14AD29G]; MacArthur Foundation under the Living Andean Rivers initiative [16-1607-151053-CSD]Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]