Faraday cup monitor for the Iowa State College synchrotron electron beam

The design, construction, and testing of two high energy electron beam monitors are described. The one, a Faraday cup, is an absolute measuring device and the other is secondary emission monitor. The procedure and results necessary to calibrate the secondary emission monitor against the Faraday cup are included. Since the secondary emission monitor is portable, it is an adaptable instrument for the absolute measurement of high energy electron beams after it has been so calibrated

Operating and maintaining underground outlet terrace systems (1993)

The proper operation of underground outlet terrace systems depends on good farming practices, frequent inspections and prompt correction of problems. Inspect your systems soon after each significant rainfall. This is the best time to see existing or potential problems. Plainly marked inlets and outlets make this chore easy. Timely repairs or replacements normally lower maintenance costs, increase the life of the system and prevent serious problems

Final Cultural Resources Report For The Salt Creek Midstream, LLC Proposed Waha II Pipeline Project On State Of Texas Lands In Reeves County, Texas

Enercon Services, Inc. (ENERCON), in support of Salt Creek Midstream, LLC, conducted an intensive archeological survey for the proposed Waha II Pipeline Project. The proposed pipeline is approximately 27.33 miles in length, located near Pecos, Texas in Reeves County. This report encompasses only the two State of Texas Lands, administered by the Texas General Land Office (TGLO), segments of the proposed Waha II Pipeline Project which is approximately 0.69-miles (3,666 feet) in length in Reeves County. The State of Texas Lands portion of the project area is mapped on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Toyah Lake, Tex. (1963), and Old X Ranch, Tex. (1963, Photorevised 1981), 7.5 Minute Quadrangles. The construction corridor consists of a 50-foot-wide permanent pipeline right-of-way (ROW) and a 50-footwide temporary workspace corridor. The cultural resources survey corridor was 100 feet wide for the entire 0.69-mile length of the pipeline segment through the State of Texas Lands. The total area inspected during the cultural resources survey of the State of Texas Lands was 8.43 acres (3.41 hectares). The survey of the State of Texas property was completed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9017. The cultural resources field investigation on State of Texas Lands occurred on August 2 and 3, 2018 by J. Matthew Oliver and Gary D. Edington and consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey utilizing transects not spaced greater than 15 meters apart with shovel tests. The field investigation was conducted in accordance with the Texas Historical Commission (THC) Archeological Survey Standards for Texas. The entire project was supervised by Gary D. Edington, an ENERCON archeologist who meets the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archeology as set forth in 36 CFR 61. The cultural resources survey resulted in the observation of two isolated finds (IF). IF#8 is a single lithic flake of brown chert observed on the surface in the east tract of State of Texas Lands. IF#9 is a small bulldozer push-pile of old wooden fence posts and barbed wire observed adjacent to the east fence line of the east tract of Texas State lands. IF#8 and IF#9 lack information potential and are not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or State Antiquities Landmarks (SAL). The cultural resources survey did not result in finding any additional historic or prehistoric artifacts, features, cultural lenses, or sites over 50 years of age on State of Texas Lands. No archeological sites were encountered, and no artifacts were collected. Therefore, it is recommended that the project will have no effect on any cultural resources that may qualify for inclusion to the NRHP on State of Texas Lands. No further cultural resources investigations are recommended prior to construction of the proposed Waha II Pipeline project on State of Texas Lands. If cultural material, including sites, features, or artifacts that are 50 years old or older are encountered within the ROW during construction of this project, work in the area must cease and the regional THC Archeologist must be immediately be notified

Final Cultural Resources Report of the Salt Creek Midstream, LLC Proposed Olifant Eight Inch Pipeline Project on University Lands in Ward County, Texas

Enercon Services, Inc. (ENERCON), in support of Salt Creek Midstream, LLC, conducted an intensive archeological survey for the proposed Olifant Eight Inch Pipeline Project located near Pyote in Ward County, Texas. The proposed project consists of the construction of an approximately 800 foot (244 m) long eight inch steel pipeline on University Lands, extending from a tie-in at an existing well pad, trending generally south-southeast to a tie-in on the existing Quito Draw pipeline. The Olifant Eight Inch Pipeline Project area is mapped on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Soda Lake NE, Texas (1967, photorevised 1981) 7.5 Minute Quadrangle map. The construction corridor consists of a 50 foot (15 m) wide permanent pipeline right-of-way (ROW) and a 50 foot (15 m) wide temporary workspace corridor. The cultural resources survey corridor and the area of potential effect (APE) was 100 feet (30 m) wide for the entire 800 foot (244 m) length of the proposed Olifant Eight Inch Pipeline Project, totaling 1.84 acres (.74 hectares). The proposed project is entirely on University Lands, a political subdivision of the State of Texas. The archeological survey was completed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9012. The cultural resources field investigation on University Lands was conducted on February 26, 2019 by ENERCON archeologist Gary Edington, who meets the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archeology as set forth in 36 CFR 61, and consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey utilizing transects spaced no greater than 15 m apart, with shovel tests in areas which had the potential for buried cultural resources. The field investigation was conducted in accordance with the Texas Historical Commission (THC) Archeological Survey Standards for Texas. The entire project was supervised by Michael Margolis, an ENERCON archeologist who meets the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archeology as set forth in 36 CFR 61. The cultural resources survey did not result in finding any historic or prehistoric artifacts, features, cultural lenses, or sites over 50 years of age on University Lands. Therefore, it is recommended that the project will have no effect on any historic property that may qualify for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on University Lands. No further cultural resources investigations are recommended prior to construction of the proposed Olifant Eight Inch Pipeline Project on University Lands. If cultural material, including sites, features, or artifacts that are 50 years old or older are encountered within the ROW during construction of this project, work in the area must cease and the THC must be immediately be notified

The Overlooked Potential of Generalized Linear Models in Astronomy-III: Bayesian Negative Binomial Regression and Globular Cluster Populations

In this paper, the third in a series illustrating the power of generalized linear models (GLMs) for the astronomical community, we elucidate the potential of the class of GLMs which handles count data. The size of a galaxy's globular cluster population $N_{\rm GC}$ is a prolonged puzzle in the astronomical literature. It falls in the category of count data analysis, yet it is usually modelled as if it were a continuous response variable. We have developed a Bayesian negative binomial regression model to study the connection between $N_{\rm GC}$ and the following galaxy properties: central black hole mass, dynamical bulge mass, bulge velocity dispersion, and absolute visual magnitude. The methodology introduced herein naturally accounts for heteroscedasticity, intrinsic scatter, errors in measurements in both axes (either discrete or continuous), and allows modelling the population of globular clusters on their natural scale as a non-negative integer variable. Prediction intervals of 99% around the trend for expected $N_{\rm GC}$comfortably envelope the data, notably including the Milky Way, which has hitherto been considered a problematic outlier. Finally, we demonstrate how random intercept models can incorporate information of each particular galaxy morphological type. Bayesian variable selection methodology allows for automatically identifying galaxy types with different productions of GCs, suggesting that on average S0 galaxies have a GC population 35% smaller than other types with similar brightness.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Cultural Resources Report for the Salt Creek Midstream, LLC Proposed Quito Draw Pipeline Project on University Lands, UT System Property in Ward County, Texas

Enercon Services, Inc. (ENERCON), in support of Salt Creek Midstream, LLC, conducted an intensive archeological survey for the proposed Quito Draw Pipeline Project. The proposed pipeline is approximately 19.3 miles (31.1 km) in length, located near Barstow and Pyote, Texas in Ward County. This report encompasses only the University Lands, UT System property segment of the proposed Quito Draw Pipeline Project which is approximately 11.8 miles (19.0km) in length. The University Lands, UT System property segment of the project area is depicted on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Wink South, Tex. (1968), Soda Lake NE, Tex. (1968), and Soda Lake SE, Tex. (1968) 7.5 Minute Quadrangle maps. The construction corridor consists of a 50 foot (15m) wide permanent pipeline right-of-way (ROW) and a 50 foot (15m) wide temporary workspace corridor. The entire 50 foot (15m) wide ROW will be cleared of vegetation and the eight-inch gas pipeline will be installed in an open cut trench. The cultural resources survey corridor and area of potential effect (APE) was 100 foot (30m) wide for the entire 11.8 mile (19.0km) length of the pipeline segment through the University Lands, UT System property segment of the project, for a total of 143.03 acres (57.88 hectares). The survey of the University Lands, UT System, a political subdivision of the State of Texas, property, was completed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9011. The initial cultural resources field investigation on University Lands, UT System property was conducted October 7, 2018 to October 9, 2018 by Christopher Flowers and Gary D. Edington and consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey utilizing transects spaced no greater than 15m apart with shovel tests in areas which had the potential for buried cultural resources. The field investigation was conducted in accordance with the Texas Historical Commission (THC) Archeological Survey Standards for Texas. The entire project was supervised by Gary D. Edington, an ENERCON archeologist who meets the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archeology as set forth in 36 CFR 61. The initial cultural resources investigation of the proposed Quito Draw Pipeline Project on University Lands, UT System property resulted in the observation of one isolated find (IF). IF#1 consists of a mottled pink and white tertiary chert flake. Ground Surface Visibility (GSV) at the location of IF#1 averaged around 65 percent. Five shovel tests were excavated in the vicinity of IF#1, all of which were negative for cultural resources. A pedestrian survey grid at 3-5m intervals at the location of IF#1 failed to identify any additional cultural materials and the location was noted as an isolated find. IF#1 lacks important information potential and is not recommended as eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or designation as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL), and no further work is recommended at the location of IF#1. Prior to the initial survey, a site file check was conducted which resulted in the determination that no previously recorded sites are within the APE, or within 1-mile of the APE on University Lands, UT System property. Unfortunately, the Atlas was updated after the site file check was completed. A post facto site file check was conducted which resulted in the determination that seven previously recorded sites are recorded within 1-mile of the APE. Two of which, 41WR106 and 41WR107, are recorded within the APE and were partially impacted by the construction of the Quito Draw Pipeline on University Lands, UT System property. The field crew did not know 41WR106 and 41WR107 were recorded adjacent to the APE prior to fieldwork and these site locations were not observed during the initial survey. Prior to this Cultural Resources Report being presented to THC construction began on both the Quito Draw and Olifant 12-Inch pipelines. Thus, a post facto revisit of 41WR106 and 41WR107 was conducted on February 22, 2020 by J. Matthew Oliver and Gary D. Edington to assess the impact damage to both sites. Both sites, 41WR106 and 41WR107 were negatively impacted by the construction of the Quito Draw and Olifant 12-inch Pipelines on University Lands, UT System property. At site 41WR106 it appears that less than two percent of the previously recorded site area has been destroyed while at site 41WR107 it appears that approximately four percent of the site has been destroyed by the clearing of the Quito Draw and Olifant 12-inch pipelines. The cultural resources investigations did not result in finding any additional historic or prehistoric artifacts, features, cultural lenses, or sites over 50 years of age on University Lands, UT System property. Therefore, it is recommended that the project will have no effect on any additional historic property that may qualify for inclusion in the NRHP or determination as a SAL on University Lands, UT System property. No further cultural resources investigations are recommended for the Quito Draw Pipeline Project on University Lands, UT System property. If cultural material, including sites, features, or artifacts that are 50 years old or older are encountered within the ROW during maintenance activities of the Quito Draw and Olifant Pipelines on University Lands, UT System property, work in the area must cease and the THC (512-463- 5853) must be immediately be notified

Killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation on beaked whales (Mesoplodon spp.) in the Bremer Sub-Basin, Western Australia

Observations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) feeding on the remains of beaked whales have been previously documented; however, to date, there has been no published account of killer whales actively preying upon beaked whales. This article describes the first field observations of killer whales interacting with, hunting and preying upon beaked whales (Mesoplodon spp.) on four separate occasions during 2014, 2015 and 2016 in the Bremer Sub-Basin, off the south coast of Western Australia

Cultural Resources Report For The Salt Creek Midstream, LLC Proposed Halcon Pipeline On Texas General Land Office Lands In Reeves County, Texas

Enercon Services, Inc. (ENERCON), in support of Salt Creek Midstream, LLC, conducted an intensive cultural resources survey for the proposed Halcon Pipeline. The proposed pipeline is approximately 43.3 miles (69.7 km) in length and located near Pecos, Texas in Ward and Reeves counties. This report encompasses only the portion of the proposed Halcon Pipeline located on two tracts of Permanent School Fund land in Reeves County, Texas. The Permanent School Fund is administered by the Texas General Land Office (TGLO), a political subdivision of the State of Texas. The portion of the Halcon Pipeline on TGLO lands is approximately 1.8 miles (2.8 km) in length and depicted on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Quito Draw, Tex. (1963, Photorevised 1981), Old X Ranch, Tex. (1963, Photorevised 1981), Toyah Lake, Tex. (1963) 7.5 Minute Quadrangle maps. The construction corridor consists of a 50 feet (15 m) wide permanent pipeline right-of-way (ROW) and an additional 50 feet (15 m) wide temporary workspace corridor. The cultural resources survey area of potential effect (APE) consists of the 1.8 mile (2.8 km) by 100 feet (30 m) corridor, totaling 21.3 acres (8.6 hectares). The cultural resources investigation is intended to assist in adhering to the 1969 Antiquities Code of Texas and the cultural resources survey on TGLO lands was completed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 8275. The entire project was supervised by Michael M. Margolis, an ENERCON archeologist who meets the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archeology as set forth in 36 CFR 61. Prior to the survey, a search of the Texas Archeological Sites Atlas (the Atlas) was conducted by Michael M. Margolis to locate previously recorded archeological sites, archeological surveys, National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) properties, and State Antiquities Landmarks (SALs). Based on the Atlas, one site, 41RV60, has been previously recorded within 1-mile of the APE on TGLO lands. Site 41RV60 is an Early Archaic lithic scatter recorded by URS Corporation in March 2014 and was determined ineligible for listing on the NRHP by the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) on April 8, 2014. Site 41RV60 is located approximately 4,500 feet (1,372 m) from the APE and will not be impacted by construction of the proposed Halcon Pipeline. Two archeological surveys or studies are mapped within 1-mile of the APE on TGLO lands. The cultural resources survey of the Halcon Pipeline APE on TGLO lands was conducted December 1-2, 2017 by Julie Wasinger and Gary D. Edington, ENERCON archeologists who meet the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archeology as set forth in 36 CFR 61. Salt Creek Midstream, LLC procedures dictate that all standing structures be avoided during construction. Fieldwork was conducted in accordance with the Texas Historical Commission (THC) Archeological Survey Standards for Texas. The cultural resources survey of the Halcon Pipeline APE did not result in finding any historic or prehistoric artifacts, features, cultural lenses, or sites and no artifacts were collected on TGLO lands. Therefore, it is recommended that construction of the proposed Halcon Pipeline on TGLO lands will have no effect on any historic property that may qualify for inclusion on the NRHP or SAL listings. No further cultural resources investigations are recommended prior to construction of the proposed Halcon Pipeline on TGLO lands. If cultural material, including sites, features, or artifacts that are 50 years old or older are encountered within the APE during construction of the Halcon Pipeline on TGLO lands, work in the area must cease and the regional THC Archeologist (512-463-6096) must be notified immediately

Characterizing Polytobacco Use Trajectories and Their Associations With Substance Use and Mental Health Across Mid-Adolescence.

Background:Polytobacco product use is suspected to be common, dynamic across time, and increase risk for adverse behavioral outcomes. We statistically modeled characteristic types of polytobacco use trajectories during mid-adolescence and tested their prospective association with substance use and mental health problems. Methods:Adolescents (N = 3393) in Los Angeles, CA, were surveyed semiannually from 9th to 11th grade. Past 6-month combustible cigarette, e-cigarette, or hookah use (yes/no) over four assessments were analyzed using parallel growth mixture modeling to identify a parsimonious set of polytobacco use trajectories. A tobacco product use trajectory group was used to predict substance use and mental health at the fifth assessment. Results:Three profiles were identified: (1) tobacco nonusers (N = 2291, 67.5%) with the lowest use prevalence (<3%) of all products across all timepoints; (2) polyproduct users (N = 920, 27.1%) with moderate use prevalence of each product (8-35%) that escalated for combustible cigarettes but decreased for e-cigarettes and hookah across time; and (3) chronic polyproduct users (N = 182, 5.4%) with high prevalence of each product use (38-86%) that escalated for combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Nonusers, polyproduct users, and chronic polyproduct users reported successively higher alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drug use and ADHD at the final follow-up, respectively. Both tobacco using groups (vs. nonusers) reported greater odds of depression and anxiety at the final follow-up but did not differ from each other. Conclusions:Adolescent polytobacco use may involve a common moderate risk trajectory and a less common high-risk chronic trajectory. Both trajectories predict substance use and mental health symptomology. Implications:Variation in use and co-use of combustible cigarette, e-cigarette, and hookah use in mid-adolescence can be parsimoniously characterized by a small set common trajectory profiles in which polyproduct use are predominant patterns of tobacco product use, which predict adverse behavioral outcomes. Prevention and policy addressing polytobacco use (relative to single product use) may be optimal tobacco control strategies for youth, which may in turn prevent other forms of substance use and mental health problems