Performance comparison of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in untargeted and targeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based metabolomics analysis of grapeberry metabolites

Electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are both used to generate ions for the analysis of metabolites by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). We compared the performance of these methods for the analysis of Corvina grapevine berry methanolic extracts, which are complex mixtures of diverse metabolites

Study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of rapeseed and sunflower : application to extraction of their oils

L'extraction d'huile de graines d'oléagineux en milieu aqueux a pour principal objectif la suppression des solvants utilisés dans les industries de trituration. Pour extraire l'huile des graines, les mélanges enzymatiques et de nombreux paramètres physico-chimiques ont été étudiés. Deux plans d'expériences consécutifs, réalisés sur le M.I.A. ont permis de formuler des mélanges d'enzymes efficaces, constitués de 3 ou 4 préparations enzymatiques commerciales parmi les 25 retenues initialement. Cette démarche permet de réaliser des mélanges optimaux pour la dégradation des parois des graines étudiées. Les extractions d'huile font apparaître 4 phases après séparation par centrifugation : résidu solide, émulsion, phase aqueuse et huile libre. Les effets de différents paramètres physico-chimiques ont été évalués (broyage, temps, température, agitation, séparation...). Au final, l'huile libérée des graines à l'aide des mélanges formulés (85% de l'huile totale pour le colza, 92% pour le tournesol), la quantité de sucres fermentescibles produite (entre 60 et 80 g/l en fonction des conditions) ou encore la concentration de protéines solubilisées (supérieure à 30g/l) sont les résultats marquants de cette étude. Cette étude décryptant les conditions à mettre en œuvre pour maximiser l'extraction d'huile en phase aqueuse constitue un socle de connaissances permettant d'envisager le développement futur d'un bioraffinage complet des graines de colza grâce à la valorisation de chacun des co-produits huiles, protéines (napines du colza) et sucres fermentescibles.The extraction of oil from oilseed in an aqueous medium aims to remove the solvents used in the crushing industry. To extract oil from seeds, the enzymatic mixtures and numerous physico-chemical parameters have been studied. Two consecutive experimental designs, realized on the A.I.M. prepared from treated seeds, allowed to select effective enzyme mixtures, consisting of 3 or 4 commercial enzyme preparations out of the 25 originally selected. This original approach, based on the use of statistical tools, allows to achieve optimal mixtures for the degradation of the walls of studied seeds. The extraction of oil shows 4 phases after separation by centrifugation: solid residue, emulsion, aqueous phase and free oil. The effects of different physico-chemical parameters were evaluated (grinding time, temperature, agitation, separation...). Finally, the oil released from seeds using enzymatic mixtures made (85% of the total oil for rapeseed, 92 % for sunflower), the amount of fermentable sugars produced (60 and 80 g/l depending on conditions) or the concentration of solubilized protein (greater than 30g/l) are the landmark results of this study. This study, decrypting the conditions to implement the maximization of oil extraction in aqueous phase, is an important whole of knowledge to contribute the future development of a complete biorefining of rapeseed and sunflower with the use of each co-products : oils, proteins (napins from rape) and fermentable sugars

Influence of enzymes on the oil extraction processes in aqueous media

The methods of oil aqueous extraction process (AEP) assisted by enzymes are, over the last 50 years, an alternative designed to replace traditional methods of extraction using organic solvents. To extract the oil using an AEP, the use of specific enzymes, able to hydrolyze some or all components of seeds, can significantly increase the yields of extraction. Hydrolyzing the different constituents of cell walls (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, proteins, etc.), enzymes are able to enhance the liberation of the oil. A number of physico-chemical parameters must also be considered for the better expression of the enzymatic mixture, while maintaining the quality of oils and meals. This article presents the various factors influencing the release of oil in aqueous media and the main results obtained by this process on various substrates

Influence of enzymes on the oil extraction processes in aqueous media

The methods of oil aqueous extraction process (AEP) assisted by enzymes are, over the last 50 years, an alternative designed to replace traditional methods of extraction using organic solvents. To extract the oil using an AEP, the use of specific enzymes, able to hydrolyze some or all components of seeds, can significantly increase the yields of extraction. Hydrolyzing the different constituents of cell walls (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, proteins, etc.), enzymes are able to enhance the liberation of the oil. A number of physico-chemical parameters must also be considered for the better expression of the enzymatic mixture, while maintaining the quality of oils and meals. This article presents the various factors influencing the release of oil in aqueous media and the main results obtained by this process on various substrates

Etude de l'hydrolyse enzymatique des grains de colza et de tournesol (application à l'extraction de leurs huiles)

L'extraction d'huile de graines d'oléagineux en milieu aqueux a pour principal objectif la suppression des solvants utilisés dans les industries de trituration. Pour extraire l'huile des graines, les mélanges enzymatiques et de nombreux paramètres physico-chimiques ont été étudiés. Deux plans d'expériences consécutifs, réalisés sur le M.I.A. ont permis de formuler des mélanges d'enzymes efficaces, constitués de 3 ou 4 préparations enzymatiques commerciales parmi les 25 retenues initialement. Cette démarche permet de réaliser des mélanges optimaux pour la dégradation des parois des graines étudiées. Les extractions d'huile font apparaître 4 phases après séparation par centrifugation : résidu solide, émulsion, phase aqueuse et huile libre. Les effets de différents paramètres physico-chimiques ont été évalués (broyage, temps, température, agitation, séparation...). Au final, l'huile libérée des graines à l'aide des mélanges formulés (85% de l'huile totale pour le colza, 92% pour le tournesol), la quantité de sucres fermentescibles produite (entre 60 et 80 g/l en fonction des conditions) ou encore la concentration de protéines solubilisées (supérieure à 30g/l) sont les résultats marquants de cette étude. Cette étude décryptant les conditions à mettre en œuvre pour maximiser l'extraction d'huile en phase aqueuse constitue un socle de connaissances permettant d'envisager le développement futur d'un bioraffinage complet des graines de colza grâce à la valorisation de chacun des co-produits huiles, protéines (napines du colza) et sucres fermentescibles.The extraction of oil from oilseed in an aqueous medium aims to remove the solvents used in the crushing industry. To extract oil from seeds, the enzymatic mixtures and numerous physico-chemical parameters have been studied. Two consecutive experimental designs, realized on the A.I.M. prepared from treated seeds, allowed to select effective enzyme mixtures, consisting of 3 or 4 commercial enzyme preparations out of the 25 originally selected. This original approach, based on the use of statistical tools, allows to achieve optimal mixtures for the degradation of the walls of studied seeds. The extraction of oil shows 4 phases after separation by centrifugation: solid residue, emulsion, aqueous phase and free oil. The effects of different physico-chemical parameters were evaluated (grinding time, temperature, agitation, separation...). Finally, the oil released from seeds using enzymatic mixtures made (85% of the total oil for rapeseed, 92 % for sunflower), the amount of fermentable sugars produced (60 and 80 g/l depending on conditions) or the concentration of solubilized protein (greater than 30g/l) are the landmark results of this study. This study, decrypting the conditions to implement the maximization of oil extraction in aqueous phase, is an important whole of knowledge to contribute the future development of a complete biorefining of rapeseed and sunflower with the use of each co-products : oils, proteins (napins from rape) and fermentable sugars.NANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF