Groundwater protection using vulnerability maps and wellhead protection area (WHPA). A case study in México

The need to protect groundwater resources against quality deterioration due to anthropogenic activities is unquestionable. The concept of aquifer pollution vulnerability maps and of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) as protection toolsis not new; however, in spite of the elapsed time, their use has been increased as a result of the increase in economic development—and everything that this entails—and the increase in prohibitive costs of treating contaminated water or of the decontamination of aquifers. The study’s objective was to establish an integrated method that defines, first of all, the areas of highest vulnerability in the aquifer, and second, within these areas, the wells that most urgently need protection. To identify these wells, additional criteria were taken, such as well constructive data, pumped volume, and the region’s socioeconomic characteristics (social exclusión index). Once the wells were ranked, several of them were chosen as a pilot study to compare different methods for the delineation of WHPA based on calculated fixed radius and analytical methods and, this way, identify which method or methods best adapt to the characteristics of the study area. The Minkin analytical method proved to offer the best results since it protects well on both sides and achieves a balance in the well’s upgradient distances. It is also worth mentioning that the delimitation of the WHPAs in the study area was limited in respect to hydrogeologic and technical data

Repositioning of Anti-parasitic Drugs in Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Drug repositioning refers to the identification of new therapeutic indications for drugs already approved. Albendazole and ricobendazole have been used as anti-parasitic drugs for many years; their therapeutic action is based on the inhibition of microtubule formation. Therefore, the study of their properties as antitumor compounds and the design of an appropriate formulation for cancer therapy is an interesting issue to investigate. The selected compounds are poorly soluble in water, and consequently, they have low and erratic bioavailability. In order to improve their biopharmaceutics properties, several formulations employing cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were developed. To carefully evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of these drugs and their complexes, several studies were performed on a breast cancer cell line (4T1) and BALB/c mice. In vitro studies showed that albendazole presented improved antitumor activity compared with ricobendazole. Furthermore, albendazole:citrate-β-cyclodextrin complex decreased significantly 4T1 cell growth both in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Thus, new formulations for anti-parasitic drugs could help to reposition them for new therapeutic indications, offering safer and more effective treatments by using a well-known drug.Fil: Priotti, Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Baglioni, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genetica Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rico, Maria Jose. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genetica Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Leonardi, Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lamas, Maria Celina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Menacho Márquez, Mauricio Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genetica Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario; Argentin

Alcaloides en la flora de Andalucia. III

Se han estudiado 79 especies vegetales características de la flora de Andalucía con objeto de determinar la presencia cualitativa y cuantitativa de alcaloides. Se ha encontrado presencia de alcaloides en 16 especies, de las cuales 6 se describen por primera vez. Se han registrado los espectros de masas de los extractos alcaloídicos de varias especies y se ha establecido su relación con los alcaloides presentes.79 different species from the Andalusian flora have been screened for the presence of alkaloids. Of these, 16 species were found to contain alkaloids and 6 of them are reported for the first time. A relationship between mass spectra and alkaloid contents has been established for several species

Alcaloides en la flora de Andalucía. II

Se han estudiado 105 especies vegetales características de la flora de Andalucía con objeto de determinar la presencia cualitativa y cuantitativa de alcaloides. Se ha encontrado presencia de alcaloides en 31 especies, de las cuales 19 se describen por primera vez.One hundred and five different species from the Andalusian flora have been screened for the presence of alkaloids. Of these, 31 species were found to contain alkaloids and 19 of then are reported for the first time

Metodologias Activas en la Asignatura de Mecánica, Resultados de Tres Años de Experiencia.

La asignatura de Mecánica I forma parte de las experiencias piloto de curso completo que la EUIT Aeronáutica viene desarrollando desde 2005 con el fin de adaptar sus enseñanzas al EEES. En todos los casos, la experiencia se ha dirigido a un colectivo de alumnos de nuevo ingreso (Grupo Piloto), pero con tamaños de grupos y notas de corte muy diferentes. La Mecánica I es una asignatura troncal de primer curso que se imparte durante el segundo semestre y, desde 2006, también se ofrece durante el primer semestre con la nueva metodología a un grupo de alumnos repetidores en la modalidad de Docencia complementaria. En este trabajo se presenta, mediante una revisión histórica, la nueva metodología basada en el aprendizaje cooperativo, la evaluación continua y la incorporación de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). Se muestran los resultados académicos obtenidos por los alumnos del Grupo Piloto comparados mediante los indicadores ANECA con los obtenidos por el Grupo de Control constituido por los alumnos de nuevo ingreso de las mismas carreras, y los resultados alcanzados por el grupo de Docencia complementaria. También se expone la valoración cualitativa de los alumnos de disponer de objetos digitales de aprendizaje

Alcaloides en la flora de Andalucia, I

Se han estudiado 106 especies vegetales características de la flora de Andalucía con objeto de determinar la presencia cualitativa y cuantitativa de alcaloides. Se ha encontrado presencia de alcaloides en 37 especies, de las cuales 20 (54 0) se describen por primera vez.One hundred and six different species from the Andalusian flora have been screened for the presence of alkaloids. Of these, 37 species were found to contain alkaloids and 20 of them (540) are reported for the first time

Nonclassical roles for IFN-γand IL-10 in a murine model of immunoedition

Aims: to characterize, by means of univariate and multivariate approaches, the Th1 and Th2 responses during the different phases of tumor immunoediting. Materials & Methods: we used a multivariate principal component analysis applied to analyze the joint behavior of serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-4, during the different phases of tumor immunoediting, in CBi/L mice challenged with M-406 mammary adenocarcinoma. Results & Conclusions: Animals in equilibrium phase showed the widest variations in values of the four cytokines. In this experimental model the role of IFN-γ would be related to tumor growth and progression, while IL-10 would participate in the antitumor immune response. Lay abstract: Breast cancer is a complex, multifactor disease that affects about 10% of women in industrialized countries. The immune system has the ability to monitor the appearance of tumors, but the tumors have the ability to escape such rejection. For this reason, in order to design different therapeutic strategies, it is important to know the different mechanisms that take place when a tumor grows or when it is rejected. Here we sought to elucidate some of these mechanismsFil: del Giúdice, Antonela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genética Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pagura, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genética Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Capitani, María Celeste. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genética Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Mainetti, Leandro Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genética Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Scharovsky, Olga Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genética Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Di Masso, Ricardo Jose. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genética Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rico, Maria Jose. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genética Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rozados, Viviana Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genética Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentin

Evaluation of compliance with the Spanish Code of self-regulation of food and drinks advertising directed at children under the age of 12 years in Spain, 2012

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate compliance levels with the Spanish Code of self-regulation of food and drinks advertising directed at children under the age of 12 years (Publicidad, Actividad, Obesidad, Salud [PAOS] Code) in 2012; and compare these against the figures for 2008. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Television advertisements of food and drinks (AFD) were recorded over 7 days in 2012 (8am-midnight) of five Spanish channels popular to children. AFD were classified as core (nutrient-rich/low-calorie products), non-core (nutrient-poor/rich-calorie products) or miscellaneous. Compliance with each standard of the PAOS Code was evaluated. AFD were deemed to be fully compliant when it met all the standards. RESULTS: Two thousand five hundred and eighty-two AFDs came within the purview of the PAOS Code. Some of the standards that registered the highest levels of non-compliance were those regulating the suitability of the information presented (79.4%) and those prohibiting the use of characters popular with children (25%). Overall non-compliance with the Code was greater in 2012 than in 2008 (88.3% vs 49.3%). Non-compliance was highest for advertisements screened on children's/youth channels (92.3% vs. 81.5%; P < 0.001) and for those aired outside the enhanced protection time slot (89.3% vs. 86%; P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Non-compliance with the PAOS Code is higher than for 2008. Given the lack of effectiveness of self-regulation, a statutory system should be adopted to ban AFD directed at minors, or at least restrict it to healthy products.S

Personality Disorders and Health Problems Distinguish Suicide Attempters from Completers in a Direct Comparison

Background Whether suicide attempters and completers represent the same population evaluated at different points along a progression towards suicide death, overlapping populations, or completely different populations is a problem still unresolved. Methods 446 Adult suicide attempters and knowledgeable collateral informants for 190 adult suicide probands were interviewed. Sociodemographic and clinical data was collected for both groups using semi-structured interviews and structured assessments. Univariate analyses and logistic regression models were conducted to explore the similarities and differences between suicide attempters and completers. Results Univariate analyses yielded significant differences in sociodemographics, recent life events, impulsivity, suicide intent, and distribution of Axis I and II disorders. A logistic regression model aimed at distinguishing suicide completers from attempters properly classified 90% of subjects. The most significant variables that distinguished suicide from attempted suicide were the presence of narcissistic personality disorder (OR=21.4; 95% CI=6.8–67.7), health problems (OR=20.6; 95% CI=5.6–75.9), male sex (OR=9.6; 95% CI=4.42–20.9), and alcohol abuse (OR=5.5; 95% CI=2.3–14.2). Limitations Our study shares the limitations of studies comparing suicide attempters and completers, namely that information from attempters can be obtained from the subject himself, whereas the assessment of completers depends on information from close family or friends. Furthermore, different semi-structured instruments assessed Axis I and Axis II disorders in suicide attempters and completers. Finally, we have no data on inter-rater reliability data. Conclusions Suicide completers are more likely to be male and suffer from alcohol abuse, health problems (e.g. somatic illness), and narcissistic personality disorder. The findings emphasize the importance of implementing suicide prevention programs tailored to suicide attempters and completers

Potential effect of chloroquine and propranolol combination to treat colorectal and triple-negative breast cancers

Drug repositioning explores the reuse of non-cancer drugs to treat tumors. In this work, we evaluated the effect of the combination of chloroquine and propranolol on colorectal and triple-negative breast cancers. Using as in vitro models the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29, and CT26, and as triple-negative breast cancer models the 4T1, M-406, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, we evaluated the effect of the drugs combination on the viability, apoptosis, clonogenicity, and cellular migratory capacity. To explore the in vivo effects of the combination on tumor growth and metastasis development we employed graft models in BALB/c, nude, and CBi mice. In vitro studies showed that combined treatment decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and increased apoptosis. Also, we demonstrated that these drugs act synergically and that it affects clonogenicity and migration. In vivo studies indicated that this drug combination was effective on colorectal models but only partially on breast cancer. These results contributed to the search for new and safe treatments for colorectal and triple-negative carcinomas.Fil: Anselmino, L. E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Baglioni, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genetica Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Reynoso, G.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genetica Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Rozados, Viviana Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genetica Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Scharovsky, Olga Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genetica Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rico, Maria Jose. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Instituto de Genetica Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Menacho Márquez, Mauricio Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentin