Structural history of continental volcanic arc rocks, eastern Sierra Nevada, California: A case for extensional tectonics

Mesozoic metavolcanic rocks forming part of the continental volcanic arc along the eastern Sierra Nevada near Mt. Goddard and in the Ritter Range show a complex history related to extensional tectonics. The rocks comprise a thick section of tuffs, breccias, lava flows, sills, and ash-flow tuffs deposited in a subaerial to subaqueous environment, with some subvolcanic sill-like plutons. Pb/U ages of the rocks in the Mt, Goddard area range from ca. 130–160 Ma, while rocks in the Ritter Range have a somewhat wider age range as reported previously. Repetition of the section occurs by faulting, and with the exception of parts of the mid-Cretaceous Minarets Caldera, all the volcanic rocks show a regional slaty cleavage which was subsequently crenulated and/or folded locally. The first cleavage has well-developed stretching lineations, and does not appear to have been associated with significant folding. Finite strain measurements show considerable variation both in magnitude and symmetry. The Mt. Goddard rocks, however, tend to show slightly higher overall strain magnitude and greater constrictional component than the Ritter Range for rocks of comparable age. Calculations based on the strain data suggest the Mt. Goddard section has been thinned by about 50% normal to bedding, much as that documented previously for rocks in the Ritter Range. Deformation within this part of the continental arc was originally thought to have formed by regional compression during the late Jurassic (Nevadan) orogeny. However, our study indicates that (1) parts of the deformed volcanic section are younger than late Jurassic, (2) Nevadan-age breaks in deposition are not present, (3) large-scale folds expected during a regional compression event are not common, and (4) the beds were tilted to a high dip prior to internal deformation. An extensional model is proposed in which beds were rotated to high tilts early in the deformation as a result of listric normal faulting. This normal faulting is thought to have occurred above a regional tumescence related to voluminous magmatism at depth, with preservation of the steeply tilted Goddard and Ritter sections being facilitated by their downward transport along the margins of rising plutons. Flattening and steeply plunging constrictional fabrics superimposed on the tilted sections are related to strain induced by high-level inflation of magma chambers and downward return flow of the keellike pendants. The main tectonic fabric shown by the continental volcanic arc rocks in the eastern Sierra Nevada is largely of Cretaceous age, rather than Jurassic (Nevadan) as originally supposed. In addition, the deformation, both rotation of beds and subsequent tectonite fabric, appears to be genetically related to the dynamic evolution of the magmatic arc, and not the result of an externally imposed tectonic event

Cultural similarities and differences in social inference: Evidence from behavioral predictions and lay theories of behavior

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91937/1/cultural_similarities_differences.pd

Undoing gender through performing the other

Following the perspective of gender as a socially constructed performance, consumer research has given light to how individuals take on, negotiate, and express a variety of gender roles. Yet the focus of research has remained on gender roles themselves, largely overlooking the underlying process of gender performativity and consumers’ engagement with it in the context of their everyday lives. Set within a performance methodology and the context of crossplay in live action role-playing games, this paper explores how individuals undo gender on a subjective level, thus becoming conscious and reflexive of gender performativity. The study suggests that individuals become active in undoing gender through engaging in direct, bodily performance of the gender other. Such performance does not challenge or ridicule norms, but pushes individuals to actively figure out for themselves how gender is performed. As a result, individuals become aware of gender performativity and become capable of actively recombining everyday performance

Positive and negative well-being and objectively measured sedentary behaviour in older adults: evidence from three cohorts

Background: Sedentary behaviour is related to poorer health independently of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether wellbeing or symptoms of anxiety or depression predict sedentary behaviour in older adults. Method: Participants were drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) (n = 271), and the West of Scotland Twenty-07 1950s (n = 309) and 1930s (n = 118) cohorts. Sedentary outcomes, sedentary time, and number of sit-to-stand transitions, were measured with a three-dimensional accelerometer (activPAL activity monitor) worn for 7 days. In the Twenty-07 cohorts, symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed in 2008 and sedentary outcomes were assessed ~ 8 years later in 2015 and 2016. In the LBC1936 cohort, wellbeing and symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed concurrently with sedentary behaviour in 2015 and 2016. We tested for an association between wellbeing, anxiety or depression and the sedentary outcomes using multivariate regression analysis. Results: We observed no association between wellbeing or symptoms of anxiety and the sedentary outcomes. Symptoms of depression were positively associated with sedentary time in the LBC1936 and Twenty-07 1950s cohort, and negatively associated with number of sit-to-stand transitions in the LBC1936. Meta-analytic estimates of the association between depressive symptoms and sedentary time or number of sit-to-stand transitions, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, long-standing illness, and education, were β = 0.11 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.18) and β = − 0.11 (95% CI = − 0.19, −0.03) respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that depressive symptoms are positively associated with sedentary behavior. Future studies should investigate the causal direction of this association

GDNF and Parkinson's Disease : Where Next? A Summary from a Recent Workshop

The concept of repairing the brain with growth factors has been pursued for many years in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including primarily Parkinson's disease (PD) using glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). This neurotrophic factor was discovered in 1993 and shown to have selective effects on promoting survival and regeneration of certain populations of neurons including the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. These observations led to a series of clinical trials in PD patients including using infusions or gene delivery of GDNF or the related growth factor, neurturin (NRTN). Initial studies, some of which were open label, suggested that this approach could be of value in PD when the agent was injected into the putamen rather than the cerebral ventricles. In subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, the most recent reporting in 2019, treatment with GDNF did not achieve its primary end point. As a result, there has been uncertainty as to whether GDNF (and by extrapolation, related GDNF family neurotrophic factors) has merit in the future treatment of PD. To critically appraise the existing work and its future, a special workshop was held to discuss and debate this issue. This paper is a summary of that meeting with recommendations on whether there is a future for this therapeutic approach and also what any future PD trial involving GDNF and other GDNF family neurotrophic factors should consider in its design.Peer reviewe

The Netherlands study of depression in older persons (NESDO); a prospective cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To study late-life depression and its unfavourable course and co morbidities in The Netherlands.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We designed the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO), a multi-site naturalistic prospective cohort study which makes it possible to examine the determinants, the course and the consequences of depressive disorders in older persons over a period of six years, and to compare these with those of depression earlier in adulthood.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From 2007 until 2010, the NESDO consortium has recruited 510 depressed and non depressed older persons (≥ 60 years) at 5 locations throughout the Netherlands. Depressed persons were recruited from both mental health care institutes and general practices in order to include persons with late-life depression in various developmental and severity stages. Non-depressed persons were recruited from general practices. The baseline assessment included written questionnaires, interviews, a medical examination, cognitive tests and collection of blood and saliva samples. Information was gathered about mental health outcomes and demographic, psychosocial, biological, cognitive and genetic determinants. The baseline NESDO sample consists of 378 depressed (according to DSM-IV criteria) and 132 non-depressed persons aged 60 through 93 years. 95% had a major depression and 26.5% had dysthymia. Mean age of onset of the depressive disorder was around 49 year. For 33.1% of the depressed persons it was their first episode. 41.0% of the depressed persons had a co morbid anxiety disorder. Follow up assessments are currently going on with 6 monthly written questionnaires and face-to-face interviews after 2 and 6 years.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The NESDO sample offers the opportunity to study the neurobiological, psychosocial and physical determinants of depression and its long-term course in older persons. Since largely similar measures were used as in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA; age range 18-65 years), data can be pooled thus creating a large longitudinal database of clinically depressed persons with adequate power and a large set of neurobiological, psychosocial and physical variables from both younger and older depressed persons.</p

‘I think it's absolutely exorbitant!’: how UK television news reported the shareholder vote on executive remuneration at Barclays in 2012

The most publicised rebellion during the so-called ‘Shareholder Spring’ of 2012 was at Barclays PLC. Using multi-modal and critical discourse analysis, this paper examines how three UK television channels with different public service obligations covered this story on 27 April 2012. It finds that broadcasters’ regulatory obligations do not obviously impact content and that, for example, simple reporting routines contain judgemental phrases. Generally, the multi-dimensional nature of executive pay is simplified and the real balance between private and individual shareholders is obscured. Analysis also reveals that editing and the use of images can subtly construct discourses that may not reflect the reality of the dissent. The paper concludes that established criticisms that business journalism is indolent and that corporate discourses are privileged are not supported, but also that the coverage contributes little to promote wider understanding of executive pay debates