Spin wave vortex from the scattering on Bloch point solitons

The interaction of a spin wave with a stationary Bloch point is studied. The topological non-trivial structure of the Bloch point manifests in the propagation of spin waves endowing them with a gauge potential that resembles the one associated with the interaction of a magnetic monopole and an electron. By pursuing this analogy, we are led to the conclusion that the scattering of spin waves and Bloch points is accompanied by the creation of a magnon vortex. Interference between such a vortex and a plane wave leads to dislocations in the interference pattern that can be measurable by means of magnon holography

Evaluación del rango óptimo de tamaño de partícula de semilla triturada de Moringa oleifera Lam. durante procesos de coagulación-floculación

Water treatment consists on various successive steps and two of these processes are known as clarification and flocculation-coagulation. In Ecuador, the use of aluminum sulfate is very common, but its impact within the environment is a cause of concern because of the potentially toxic effects under certain pH conditions...El tratamiento de aguas residuales consta de varios procesos sucesivos que mejoran la calidad de la misma; dos de ellos se conocen como clarificación y floculación-coagulación. En Ecuador, es común el uso de sulfato de aluminio como agente floculante, pero su impacto en el medio causa preocupación general debido a que este metal es reconocido por ser un agente potencialmente tóxico bajo ciertas condiciones de pH..

Formas de participación en procesos democráticos recientes. Sociedad civil en San Carlos de Bariloche

This paper explores the factors that affect social participatory processes, based on experiences of vulnerable groups in San Carlos de Bariloche. Details of local forms of participation are part of the Argentinian democratization process. The same has faced successive economic and political crises, being particularly significant the breakthrough of the year 2001. The recovery of capacity of governance is connected with the official argue claiming social participation in the design of public policies. We will explore if institutional initiatives solve the concealment projected over popular sectors. We will point out the fact that, when prioritising citizenship over civil society, prejudices remain and the silence of social voices crystallises.Este trabajo explora los factores que inciden en los procesos sociales participativos, a partir de experiencias de los sectores vulnerables en San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. Los detalles de las formas participativas locales se enmarcan en el proceso de democratización nacional. El mismo ha enfrentado sucesivas crisis económicas y políticas, siendo particularmente relevante el quiebre del año 2001. La recuperación de la gobernabilidad fue de la mano de discursos oficiales que reivindican la participación social en el diseño de políticas públicas. Exploraremos si las vías institucionales que se inauguran resuelven el ocultamiento proyectado sobre los sectores populares. Pondremos a la luz que, al privilegiar la idea de ciudadanía sobre la de sociedad civil, los prejuicios permanecen y se cristaliza el silencio de las voces populares

An Econometric Cost-Benefit Analysis of Argentina's Youth Training Program

The Youth Training Program (YTP) was an important component of Argentina’s active labor policy of the 1990s. The program offered courses of three months’ duration, divided equally between lectures and practical experience, and targeted young people, most of whom were not employed and had a low level of education. The program was offered by different institutions chosen through a bidding process and included courses in the fields of agriculture, manufacture, construction and services. This paper conducts an econometric cost-benefit analysis of the fifth round of the YTP. Benefits (wage increases, increase in likelihood of employment, increase in earnings) are estimated using non-matching (Before and After, Cross Section and Difference in Difference) and matching techniques based on propensity score estimate (Nearest Neighbor, Kernel, Local Linear Regression) in order to avoid selection bias. Estimates of the ATE and TT effects are also provided. A sample consisting of 1,670 beneficiaries and a similarly-sized comparison group provided the information necessary to apply the methodology. Benefit estimates are made for the aggregate, by gender and for both youth and adults. Regional differences are also provided. The cost includes direct and indirect components and the alternative cost of beneficiaries reducing their contributions to output during the program. Estimates of rate of return are provided based on the previous benefit and cost estimation. In general, the results support an estimate of 10 percent of return. This looks reasonable if it is compared with the very low rate of return of education estimated separately for the beneficiaries group. Finally, the management of the program is evaluated.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce invasion of human melanoma cells in vitro via differential regulation of N-cadherin expression and RhoA activity

Background: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) exert multiple cytotoxic actions on cancer cells. Currently, different synthetic HDACi are in clinical use or clinical trials; nevertheless, since both pro-invasive and anti-invasive activities have been described, there is some controversy about the effect of HDACi on melanoma cells. Methods: Matrigel and Collagen invasion assays were performed to evaluate the effect of several HDACi (Butyrate, Trichostatin A, Valproic acid and Vorinostat) on two human melanoma cell line invasion (A375 and HT-144). The expression of N- and E-Cadherin and the activity of the RhoA GTPase were analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the HDACi activity. Results: HDACi showed a pro-invasive effect on melanoma cells in vitro. This effect was accompanied by an up-regulation of N-cadherin expression and an inhibition of RhoA activity. Moreover, the down-regulation of N-cadherin through blocking antibodies or siRNA abrogated the pro-invasive effect of the HDACi and, additionally, the inhibition of the Rho/ROCK pathway led to an increase of melanoma cell invasion similar to that observed with the HDACi treatments. Conclusion: These results suggest a role of N-cadherin and RhoA in HDACi induced invasion and call into question the suitability of some HDACi as antitumor agents for melanoma patients

Advances in Mexico in the middle of the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011– 2020

OBJETIVO: Analizar el avance de la meta esperada a mitad del Decenio de Acción para la Seguridad Vial 2011–2020 en México y sus entidades federativas. MÉTODOS: Análisis secundario de las muertes por accidentes de tránsito en México para el 1999–2015. Se proyectó la tendencia para el periodo 2011–2020 utilizando análisis de series de tiempo (modelos autorregresivos integrados de medias móviles). Se utilizó el valor del Criterio de Información de Aikaike para determinar el mejor modelo para el nivel nacional y sus 32 entidades federativas. RESULTADOS: México va avanzando cercano a la meta propuesta, lo que se ha traducido en 10,856 defunciones potencialmente prevenidas en el quinquenio 2011 a 2015. Esto ha sido a expensas de una disminución en el número de muertes de ocupantes de vehículos de motor; ya que las muertes en peatones y motociclistas han ido por arriba de lo que se esperaba. Al menos una tercera parte de las entidades federativas tuvo el número de defunciones por debajo de su meta; aunque en cinco de ellas la tasa de mortalidad continúa inaceptablemente alta. Se identificaron cuatro entidades con más muertes que las proyectadas originalmente y otras con tendencia al incremento donde se requiere, para ambos casos, fortalecer las acciones de prevención. CONCLUSIONES: El análisis realizado permite observar los avances del país a mitad del Decenio de Acción, así como identificar los retos en materia de prevención de lesiones causadas por el tránsito en usuarios vulnerables. Aporta elementos para soportar la necesidad de replantear tanto la meta nacional como la de las distintas entidades federativas.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the progress towards the accomplishment of the expected goal in the middle of the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020 in Mexico and its states. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of road traffic deaths in Mexico between 1999 and 2015. We projected the trend for the period 2011–2020 using a time series analysis (autoregressive integrated moving average models). We used the value of the Aikaike Information Criterion to determine the best model for the national level and its 32 states. RESULTS: Mexico is progressing, approaching the proposed goal, which translates into 10,856 potentially prevented deaths in the five-year period from 2011 to 2015. This was due to a decrease in the number of deaths of motor vehicle occupants, as the deaths of pedestrians and motorcyclists were higher than expected. At least one third of the states had values below their goal; although the mortality rate remains unacceptably high in five of them. We identified four states with more deaths than those originally projected and other states with an increasing trend; thus, both cases need to strengthen their prevention actions. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis can allow us to see the progress of the country in the middle of the Decade of Action, as well as identify the challenges in the prevention of traffic injuries in vulnerable users. It contributes with elements that provide a basis for a need to rethink both the national goal and the goal of the different states

Forrajes hidropónicos: una alternativa para la alimentación de animales domésticos

Currently, in critical times of confinement, hydroponics is a viable alternative that allows the production of plant biomass derived from the initial development of plants in the stages of germination and early growth of seedlings from feasible seeds, it is the sowing of soilless cultivation, this method facilitates the productive, sustainable, and ecological development of plants. Hydroponic crops are developed in a medium or culture system fed by a nutrient solution that offers the precise food for the entire period of growth of the forages, free of pesticides andfungicides with this we get healthy food for the feeding of domestic animals. In addition, it allows the use of simple or complex structures to produce fodder, taking advantage of spaces or areas such as terraces, infertile soils, rugged terrain, technical or traditional greenhouses. Based on this idea, techniques were deployedthat are supported by using substrates, or methods with contributions of nutrient solutions, always considering the needs of the plant such as temperature, humidity, water, and nutrients. Based on prac-tice, the benefits per unit of planted area are high due to greater consistency, productivity, safety, and effi-ciency in the use of water, light, and nutrients, and it is also economically viable that deserves to be considered by small and medium- sized companies. rural producers of domestic animals.En la actualidad en tiempos críticos de confinamiento la hidroponía es una alternativa viable que permite la pro-ducción de biomasa vegetal derivada a partir del desarrollo inicial de las plantas en las etapas de germinación y crecimiento anticipado de plántulas a partir de semillas factibles, es la siembra de cultivo sin suelo, este método facilita el desarrollo productivo, sostenible y ecológico de las plantas. Los cultivos hidropónicos se desarrollan en un medio o sistema de cultivo alimentados por solución nutritiva que ofrece el alimento preciso para todo el pe-ríodo de crecimiento de los forrajes, libre de pesticidas y fungicidas con esto conseguimos alimentos saludables para la alimentación de animales domésticos. Además, permite utilizar estructuras simples o complejas para la producción de forrajes aprovechando espacios o áreas como terrazas, suelos infértiles, terrenos escabrosos, inver-naderos tecnificados o tradicionales. A partir de esta idea se desplegaron técnicas que se apuntalan a utilizar sus-tratos, o métodos con aportes de soluciones de nutrientes, tomando en cuenta siempre las necesidades de la planta como la temperatura, humedad, agua y nutrientes. Fundados en la práctica, los beneficios por unidad de área sem-brada son altos debido a una mayor consistencia, productividad, inocuidad y eficacia en el uso de los recursos agua, luz y nutrientes, además es económicamente viable que merece ser considerada por los pequeños y medianos productores rurales de animales domésticos

Diálogos sobre el morir en tiempos de pandemia

Purpose/Context. This text introduces a reflection on issues such as death, pandemics and how, from the symbiosis between public health and Bioethics, it is possible to prevent the drama from being greater in this type of situations. Methodology/Approach. A personal reflection is made and palliative care, bereavement and public health are established as thematic axes to talk to three researchers about their vision of the pandemic by COVID-19. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. The conversation with three experts gives us a perspective on how, in the midst of a pandemic, actions can be taken in which solidarity and the search for the best health conditions and social support for the most vulnerable prevail over economic interests. Propósito/Contexto. Este texto introduce una reflexión sobre temas como la muerte, la pandemia y cómo, desde la simbiosis entre salud pública y Bioética, se puede evitar que el drama sea mayor en este tipo de situaciones. Metodología/Enfoque. Se realiza una reflexión personal y se establecen como ejes temáticos los cuidados paliativos, el duelo y la salud pública, para conversar con tres investigadores sobre su visión de la pandemia por COVID-19. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. La conversación con tres expertos nos da una perspectiva sobre cómo, en medio de una pandemia, se pueden tomar acciones en las que prevalezcan, por encima de intereses económicos, la solidaridad y la búsqueda de las mejores condiciones de salud y apoyo social para los más vulnerables.  

Rehabilitación de la antigua Real Fábrica de Tabacos de la Nueva España

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El cuidado de sí. Saber, poder y discursos médicos sobre sida y su impacto en hombres gay

Desde sus inicios, la epidemia de VIH se ha vinculado al comportamiento homosexual. Existen factores de vulnerabilidad como la vulneración de los derechos humanos, la falta de representatividad política, la marginalidad y la pobreza que inciden en esta situación. Las altas tasas de prevalencia en este sector de la población han contribuido a que el estigma y la discriminación asociados a la infección persistan. Adicionalmente, a efectos de mantener la salud, la disciplina médica coadyuva en la generación de unos dispositivos de control y de sometimiento sobre los hombres homosexuales que los vincula a la categoría de peligrosos o enfermos. Apoyado en la biopolítica, el presente trabajo explora cómo los discursos disciplinares que se construyen ―desde la institucionalidad médica y desde la misma salud pública―, acerca de homosexualidad y sida, pueden no contribuir a los propósitos preventivos. Por lo mismo, se invita a que desde la bioética se reflexione acerca de tales discursos y se estudien las formas como se sataniza, medicaliza o criminaliza el cuerpo de los homosexuales. Tras un análisis sobre como el sida aparece como instancia de poder y como los discursos biomédicos influyen en la construcción del cuerpo homosexual, apoyado en autores como Foucault y Levinas, el trabajo apunta a cómo construir una esencia del ser homosexual desvinculada del sida. La respuesta solidaria a la epidemia, el cuidado mutuo y la real preocupación por un otro, se presentan como formas de combatir el imaginario social que percibe la homosexualidad como algo enfermizo o anómalo.From the very beginning, the HIV epidemic has been linked to homosexual behavior. There are vulnerability factors such as the violation of human rights, lack of political representation, marginalization and poverty that affect this situation. The high prevalence rates in this sector of the population have contributed to the stigma and discrimination associated with the infection. Additionally, in order to maintain health, medical discipline contributes in the generation of devices for the control and submission of gay men, that binds them to the category of dangerous or diseased. Supported in a biopolitical analysis, this paper explores how disciplinary discourses about homosexuality and AIDS that are built from medical institutions and from the public health officials, may not contribute to the original preventive purposes. In the same range of ideas, it invites to people involved in bioethics to study such statements and consider the ways in which the homosexual body has been demonized, medicalized or criminalized. After an analysis of how AIDS emerges as a locus of power and how the biomedical discourse influences the construction of the homosexual body —supported by authors such as Foucault and Levinas—, the paper suggests how to build a detached essence of being homosexual from AIDS. The joint response to the epidemic, mutual care and real concern for the self and the others, are presented as ways to combat the social representation that perceives homosexuality as sick or abnormal.Magíster en BioéticaMaestrí