PCR identification of lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage inoculated with lyophilised or activated Lactobacillus buchneri

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 105 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage. Highlights: Lactic acid bacteria showed greater development at 7 days of fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum predominated at 70 days, representing 93% of the total LAB population. Lactobacillus buchneri improved its microbiological profile with decreased ethanol production.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 105 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage. Highlights: Lactic acid bacteria showed greater development at 7 days of fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum predominated at 70 days, representing 93% of the total LAB population. Lactobacillus buchneri improved its microbiological profile with decreased ethanol production

Effect of urea on gas and effluent losses, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical composition of corn (Zea mays L.) silage

We evaluated the effects of urea addition on gas and effluent losses, fermentation profile, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical composition of corn silages. A completely randomised design with five levels of urea (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% based on dry matter) and five replicates was used. A decreasing linear effect of urea levels on effluent losses in corn silages was observed. In parallel, an increasing linear effect of urea levels on pH, increasing from 3.49 to 4.12 in silages without urea in relation to silages with the maximum urea level, was also observed. Urea addition improved the aerobic stability of the silages, with 62 h for the silages without urea and from 90 to >96 h for the silages with urea. Based on the results of the principal components, two groups (I and II) could be distinguished. The most discriminating variables in group I were dry matter (-0.9), pH (-1.2) and lactic acid bacteria (-0.9), while in group II, effluent losses (1.0), ethanol (1.0), acetic acid (0.8) and gas losses (0.8) were most important. The use of urea at inclusion levels of around 2% in corn silage reduced gas losses, improved the nutritive value and promote the aerobic stability of silages

Abordagens inovadoras no tratamento da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: análise de revisões sistemáticas

Abordagens inovadoras no tratamento da DM2 devem priorizar a educação em saúde ao longo do ciclo de vida, envolvendo pacientes e comunidade. O papel dos profissionais de saúde é fundamental para promover o autocuidado, prevenir complicações e contribuir para uma melhor qualidade de vida em indivíduos portadores de DM2. Neste estudo, tem-se como objetivo identificar abordagens inovadoras no tratamento da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura, fazendo uso das plataformas de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Medline. Como conclusão, foram identificadas diversas abordagens inovadoras no tratamento da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), incluindo intervenções farmacológicas como inibidores do SGLT2, agonistas do receptor de GLP-1 e insulina inalatória, demonstrando melhorias significativas no controle glicêmico e redução de eventos cardiovasculares adversos. Abordagens não farmacológicas, como dieta mediterrânea e exercício regular, foram ressaltadas, enquanto tecnologias educacionais, como aplicativos móveis, foram consideradas eficazes para promover o autocuidado. Estratégias educativas, como grupos operativos, também mostraram impacto positivo, enfatizando a importância da educação de profissionais de saúde

Role of rutin in 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis : prevention of histological damage and reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress

Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis); malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations; mast and goblet cell counts; and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis

Características agronômicas do capim "Brachiaria decumbens" submetido a intensidades e frequências de corte e adubação nitrogenada Agronomic characteristics of “Brachiaria decumbens” under intensities and frequencies of cut and fertilization

Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas do Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. submetido a intensidades e frequências de corte e adubação nitrogenada, nas condições do Brejo paraibano. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquemas de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas combinações entre duas alturas de corte (40 e 50cm) e duas alturas de resíduo (15 e 25cm), e nas subparcelas a adubação nitrogenada (com ou sem nitrogênio-N), com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: produção de matéria verde e seca total e por corte; percentual de folhas, colmo e material morto na matéria seca; relação lâmina/colmo; taxas de acúmulo de folha, colmo, material morto e acúmulo líquido e de matéria seca total. A produção de matéria seca total apresentou diferença entre as intensidades de corte, sendo que na altura de corte 40cm e intensidade de corte com resíduo 25cm (40-25), com adubação, houve um incremento de 42% em relação à intensidade de corte 40-15. O percentual médio de folhas na MS foi maior para a altura de corte 50cm em relação à altura de corte de 40cm. A adubação aumentou em 84% a taxa de acúmulo líquido de matéria seca. Conclui-se que a adubação nitrogenada combinada com a altura de corte de 40cm e resíduo de 25cm eleva o percentual de folhas das plantas, aumenta a velocidade de crescimento e diminui o tempo entre intervalos de corte ou pastejo.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate agronomic characteristics of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. under intensities and frequencies of cut and nitrogen fertilization, in Areia-PB. An completely randomized block design was used, with four replicates, in a split plot scheme, where in the plot was a combination of two heights of cut (40 e 50cm) and two stubble heights (15 e 25cm) and the splited plot (with or without nitrogen fertilization). The Variables total and by cutting fresh matter and dry matter production; leaf, steam and death of dry matter percentage; leaf/steam ratio; leaf, steam, death matter and net dry matter accumulation rates were evaluated. Total dry matter production presented differences observed among cutting intensities, and the 25/40 showed an increment of 42% in relation to 40-15 cutting intensity. Leaf percentage was higher in treatments with height of cut of 50cm in relation to treatments with 40cm height of cut. Fertilization increased net dry matter accumulation rate in 84%. Nitrogen fertilization increases productivity of Brachiaria and when combined with the height of residue 25 and 40cm cutting increases the growth rate and decreases the time intervals between cutting or grazing

Effects of urea addition on the fermentation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silage

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of urea addition on fermentation characteristics, losses and chemical composition of silage of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) ‘BRS Ponta Negra’. The sorghum plant was chopped and treated with different levels of urea (0.1756, 0.3512, 0.7024 and 1.4048 g per 10 kg fresh forage for the respective proportions of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% of forage (dry matter [DM] basis), and packed into quintuplicate experimental silos to determine its effects on fermentation, losses and chemical composition of sorghum silages. Addition of urea increased lactic acid bacteria up to the level of 60 g kg−1 (DM basis). Compared with control silage, the addition of urea (p < 0.05) reduced DM losses. Urea-treated silages linearly increased (p < 0.05) the ammoniacal nitrogen and crude protein contents, and linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the ethanol content. The pH in urea-treated silages indicated better preservation of substrates obtained from fermentation. The intermediate level of 2.0% urea additive can be used to improve fermentation, reducing losses in sorghum silage without compromising lactic acid production. However, the addition of 0.5% and 1.0% urea to sorghum silage is sufficient to improve aerobic stability.Keywords: chemical additive, fermentation profile, forage preservatio

Características agronômicas e eficiência do uso da chuva em cultivares de sorgo no semiárido

Objetivou-se quantificar o rendimento forrageiro, o percentual de componentes da planta, as características morfométricas e a eficiência do uso da chuva de cinco genótipos de sorgo para silagem no semiárido paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Pendência, no município de Soledade-PB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos experimentais representados por cinco genótipos de sorgo: Ponta Negra, SF 15 IPA 1011, IPA 2502 e IPA 46742. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os genótipos para a produção de matéria natural e produção de matéria seca e para o percentual de lâmina foliar. Entretanto, para o percentual de colmo foram observados maiores valores (P<0,05) para os genótipos Ponta Negra e IPA 46742. O percentual de panícula foi superior (P<0,05) para as cultivares 'IPA 1011' e 'IPA 2502'. As cultivares 'IPA 1011' e 'IPA 2502' apresentaram percentual de panícula acima de 38% da MS. Não houve diferença (P<0,05) para eficiência no uso da água de chuva entre os genótipos estudados, com valores variando de 94,37 a 126,25kg de MS ha-1 mm-1. Os genótipos avaliados apresentam elevada eficiência no uso da chuva e produtividade. Recomenda-se o IPA 1011 pela maior participação de panícula

Performance of confined sheep fed diets based on silages of different sorghum cultivars

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of silages of different sorghum cultivars through digestibility and nutrient intake and performance of sheep. The experiment was conducted at the Pendência Experimental Station, of the State Company for Agricultural Research of Paraíba S.A. For the experiment, thirty-five rams were used, without defined breed, with average live weight of 17.7 kg, distributed in a completely randomized block design, with five diets and seven replicates to determine intake and performance; and 25 non-castrated rams, without defined breed, distributed in a completely randomized design with five diets and five replicates, to determine the digestibility of nutrients. The average daily intake of dry matter was, on average, 994.66 g. Only the average intakes of ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates, were affected by the diets. The weight gain (WG), feed conversion and feed efficiency of the animals receiving the diets suffered no effect. Silages of BRS 655, 610, 800, 810 and Ponta Negra provided similar intake and digestibility of nutrients. The use of silages of different sorghum cultivars (BRS 610, BRS 655, BRS 800, BRS 810 and Ponta Negra) in diets for confined sheep provide similar performance and intakes.O objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar a utilização de silagens de diferentes cultivares de sorgo através do consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e desempenho de ovinos. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Pendência, da Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba S.A. Para o experimento, foram utilizados trinta e cinco carneiros, sem raça definida, com peso vivo médio de 17,7 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições para determinar o consumo e desempenho; e 25 carneiros não castrados, sem raça definida, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, para determinar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. O consumo médio diário de matéria seca foi, em média, 994,66 g. Somente os consumos médios de extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos não-fibrosos, foram afetados pelas dietas. O ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar e eficiência alimentar dos animais que receberam as dietas não foram afetados pelos diferentes cultivares utilizados. Silagens de sorgo BRS 655, 610, 800, 810 e Ponta Negra promoveram consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes semelhantes. A utilização de silagens de diferentes cultivares de sorgo (BRS 610, BRS 655, BRS 800, BRS 810 e Ponta Negra) em dietas para ovinos em confinamento promove desempenho e consumo similar