ULTRASSONOGRAFIA DOPPLER EM OVELHAS

The use of B-mode ultrasound technique, as a little invasive tool in animal reproduction, has undergone a significant evolution in research and practice. In farm animals, its use is practically concentrated on reproductive management. Although conventional B-mode ultrasonography has undergone technological advances, it does not allow access to organ function information, as demonstrated by vascular perfusion. In sheep, the study of the hemodynamics and functionality of the uterus, ovary and its structures can be useful to assess reproductive programs viability and, therefore, exhibit economic impact when using the color or pulsed (or spectral) modality of doppler ultrasound. Doppler ultrasonography is based on the Doppler effect in which the frequencies of the ultrasound beams reflected by the erythrocytes in motion vary as the cells move at different speeds. A lot of strategies have been presented using this technology, related to reproduction of sheep animals, in farm conditions. Applications are based on the evaluation of pregnancy, uterine hemodynamics, luteal functionality and responses to superovulation, among others. This work aimed to present aspects regarding to applications of spectral and color doppler ultrasound in sheep reproduction.O uso da técnica de ultrassonografia em modo B, como uma ferramenta pouco invasiva na reprodução animal, passou por uma evolução significativa na pesquisa e na prática. Na exploração comercial de animais de produção seu uso é, praticamente, concentrado ao manejo reprodutivo. Embora a ultrassonografia convencional em Modo B tenha passado por avanços tecnológicos esta não possibilita o acesso às informações da função do órgão, demonstradas pela perfusão vascular. Em ovelhas, o estudo da hemodinâmica e funcionalidade do útero, ovário e suas estruturas podem ser úteis para avaliar a viabilidade de programas reprodutivos e, por conseguinte, exibirem impacto econômico diante do uso da modalidade colorida ou pulsada (ou espectral) da ultrassonografia doppler. A ultrassonografia doppler é baseada no efeito Doppler na qual as frequências dos feixes de ultrassom refletidos pelos eritrócitos em movimento variam conforme as células se movem com diferentes velocidades. No tocante a reprodução de ovelhas, uma série de estratégias tem sido apresentadas para uso desta tecnologia, dada a necessidade e intempéries apresentadas a campo. Suas principais aplicações baseiam-se na avaliação da gestação, hemodinâmica uterina, funcionalidade luteal e respostas à superovulação, dentre outras. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar os aspectos relacionados ao uso e aplicações da ultrassonografia doppler espectral e colorida na reprodução de ovelhas

Reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes fed protected fat diet

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas Santa Inês alimentadas com dieta suplementada com gordura protegida. Os intervalos do parto ao primeiro estro clínico e à concepção, a taxa de gestação, a prolificidade, o peso vivo e a condição corporal foram determinados. Depois do parto, 60 ovelhas e seus cordeiros foram pesados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos com base na idade, peso corporal e número de cordeiros nascidos. Os tratamentos consistiram de dieta controle ou da dieta controle mais 30 g de gordura protegida, do parto aos 25 dias pós‑parto (Sup25), ou aos 60 dias pós‑parto (Sup60). Das 60 ovelhas avaliadas, 93,3% retornaram ao estro, e 74,5% ficaram prenhes, com taxa de parição de 73,53% e intervalo de parto de 196,5 dias. O período médio do parto até o primeiro estro foi de 32,4, 27,2 e 35,5 dias, para as ovelhas alimentadas com a dieta controle, Sup25 e Sup60, respectivamente. Os intervalos do parto até a concepção foram de 45,2, 46,5 e 45,2 dias, e as dietas com suplementação não apresentaram diferenças em comparação ao tratamento controle. A suplementação com gordura protegida para ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, bem nutridas, não melhora seu desempenho reprodutivo.The objective of this work was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes fed a diet supplemented with protected fat. Intervals from lambing to first clinical estrus and to conception, conception rate, prolificacy, live weight and body condition were determined. After lambing, 60 ewes and their offsprings were weighted and randomly assigned to three treatments, based on age, body weight and number of born lambs. Treatments consisted of: control diet, or control diet plus 30 g of protected fat, from lambing to day 25 of post‑lambing (Sup25), or to day 60 of post‑lambing (Sup60). Out of 60 evaluated ewes, 93.3% returned to estrus, and 74.5% got pregnant, with 73.53% lambing rate and 196.5 days lambing interval. The average periods from lambing to first estrus were 32.4, 27.2 and 35.5 days for ewes fed the control diet, Sup25, and Sup60, respectively. The intervals from lambing to conception were 45.2, 46.5 and 45.2 days, and the supplemented diets did not show differences in comparison to the control diet. Supplementation with protected fat to well-nourished Santa Inês ewes does not improve their reproductive performance

Morphological response and nutritional deficiency symthoms in ipe seedlings (Tabebuia serratifolia) / Respostas morfológicas e sintomatologia de deficiência nutricional em mudas de ipê (Tabebuia serratifolia)

The yellow ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia Vahl Nich.), is a forest species of relevance in Brazil, with characteristics of timber, medicinal, ornamental and cultural interest, in addition, the species stands out in reforestation activities in degraded areas. Mineral nutrition directly affects the production of seedlings, being a very important factor in the productivity of forest stands. Based on that, the present work aimed to evaluate the morphological responses, accumulation of dry matter, quality of seedlings, as well as the characterization of the symptoms of nutritional deficiencies in seedlings of yellow ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia), under individual omissions of macronutrients and micronutrient iron. The design was used in randomized blocks, adopting eight treatments: Complete solution, and individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Fe, with three repetitions each.  The omissions of N and Ca were those that most compromised the dry matter accumulation of the yellow ipe seedlings. The omissions of nutrients limited the relative growth of the seedlings, presenting the following order of growth: N<Ca<Mg<S<K. Omissions of N, Ca, Mg, S and Fe promoted a reduction in the chlorophyll index, besides manifesting deficiency symptoms. The omission of K manifested symptoms of deficiency, but did not affect the variables assessed. No effect of the omission of P was observed in the seedlings of yellow ipe.

Pré-eclâmpsia : rastreamento universal ou prevenção universal para países de baixa e média-renda?

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe disorder that affects up to 8% of all pregnancies and represents an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The screening of the disease is a subject of studies, but the complexity and uncertainties regarding its etiology make this objective a difficult task. In addition, the costs related to screening protocols, the heterogeneity of the most affected populations and the lack of highly effective prevention methods reduce the potential of current available algorithms for screening. Thus, the National Specialized Commission of Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Brazilian Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federation (Febrasgo, in the Portuguese acronym) (NSC Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Febrasgo) considers that there are no screening algorithms to be implemented in the country to date and advocates that Aspirin and calcium should be widely used.A Pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é uma doença grave que acomete ~8% das gestações e representa importante causa de morbimortalidade, tanto materna quanto perinatal. O rastreamento da doença émotivo de estudos, porém a complexidade e as incertezas quanto a sua etiologia tornam esse objetivo bastante difícil. Além disso, os custos relacionados com o rastreamento, a heterogeneidade das populações mais afetadas e ainda a falta de métodos de prevenção de grande eficácia reduzem o potencial dos algoritmos de rastreamento. Assim, a Comissão Nacional Especializada sobre Hipertensão na Gravidez da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (CNE Hipertensão na Gravidez da FEBRASGO) considera que não há algoritmos de rastreamento que possam ser aplicados no país nesse momento e defende a utilização dos métodos de prevenção como ácido acetilsalicílico e cálcio de maneira ampla

Pré-eclâmpsia/Eclâmpsia

Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial and multisystemic disease specific to gestation. It is classically diagnosed by the presence of hypertension associated with proteinuria manifested in a previously normotensive pregnant woman after the 20th week of gestation. Pre-eclampsia is also considered in the absence of proteinuria if there is target organ damage. The present review takes a general approach focused on aspects of practical interest in the clinical and obstetric care of these women. Thus, it explores the still unknown etiology, current aspects of pathophysiology and of the diagnosis, the approach to disease prediction, its adverse outcomes and prevention. Management is based on general principles, on nonpharmacological and on pharmacological clinical treatment of severe or nonsevere situations with emphasis on the hypertensive crisis and eclampsia. Obstetric management is based on preeclampsia without or with signs of clinical and/or laboratory deterioration, stratification of gestational age in < 24 weeks, between 24 and less than 34 weeks, and ≥ 34 weeks of gestation, and guidance on route of delivery. An immediate puerperium approach and repercussions in the future life of pregnant women who develop preeclampsia is also presented.A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença multifatorial e multissistêmica específica da gestação. É classicamente diagnosticada pela presença de hipertensão arterial associada à proteinúria em gestante previamente normotensa após a 20a semana de gestação. A pré-eclâmpsia também é considerada na ausência de proteinúria se houver lesão de órgão-alvo. A presente revisão tem uma abordagem geral focada em aspectos de interesse prático na assistência clínica e obstétrica dessas mulheres. Assim, explora a etiologia ainda desconhecida, aspectos atuais da fisiopatologia e do diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial de convulsões, a abordagem da predição da doença, seus resultados adversos e prevenção. A conduta baseia-se em princípios gerais, tratamento clínico não farmacológico e farmacológico de situações graves ou não graves, com ênfase na crise hipertensiva e eclâmpsia. O controle obstétrico se fundamenta na pré-eclâmpsia sem ou com sinais de deterioração clínica e/ou laboratorial, estratificação da idade gestacional abaixo de 24 semanas, entre 24 e menos de 34 semanas e 34 ou mais semanas de gestação e orientação na via de parto. Uma abordagem imediata do puerpério e repercussões na vida futura de gestantes que desenvolvem pré-eclâmpsia também foram apresentadas

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e análise de agrupamento para resistência e resiliência à verminose em ovinos de corte Santa Inês

The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for traits related to resistance to endoparasites in Santa Inês sheep, for a possible inclusion in sheep breeding programs, as well as to evaluate the additive genetic pattern of the animals using cluster analyzes, in order to assess whether there are groups within the population that can be used as candidates for selection for resistance to endoparasites. The studied traits were: Famacha score, fecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (TPP), body condition score (BCS), and body weight (BW). Heritability estimates ranged from 0.17 (0.05) for TPP to 0.31 (0.07) for BCS. The cluster analyzes based on the breeding values identified four clusters. Famacha and BCS can be recommended as selection criteria for resistance to hematophagous endoparasites because they can respond to selection and are easy to be measured. Animals from cluster 1 have great potential as candidates for selection because of their additive genetic pattern, taking into account body weight and endoparasite resistance due to higher breeding values for BW, BCS, PCV, and TPP and lower breeding values for Famacha and FEC.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos para características relacionadas à resistência a endoparasitas em ovinos Santa Inês, para uma possível inclusão em programas de melhoramento genético de ovinos, bem como avaliar o padrão genético aditivo dos animais por meio de análises de agrupamento dos valores genéticos, para verificar se há subgrupos dentro da população que possam ser utilizados como candidatos à seleção para resistência a endoparasitas. As características estudadas foram: score Famacha, contagem de ovos fecais (FEC), volume globular (PCV), proteína plasmática total (TPP), escore de condição corporal (BCS) e peso corporal (BW). As estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,17 (0,05) para TPP a 0,31 (0,07) para BCS. As análises de agrupamento com base nos valores genéticos identificaram quatro grupos. Famacha e BCS podem ser recomendados como critérios de seleção de resistência a endoparasitas hematófagos, uma vez que podem responder à seleção e são facilmente medidos. Os animais do grupo 1 apresentam grande potencial como candidatos para seleção em razão do seu padrão genético aditivo, ao se levar em consideração peso corporal e resistência ao endoparasita devido aos maiores valores genéticos para BW, BCS, PCV e TPP e aos menores valores genéticos para Famacha e FEC

Addition of orange, pineapple and beet juices as extenders for cryopreservation of ram semen

Searching for improvements in semen cryopreservation, natural substances are commonly studied focusing to improve the sperm quality. The aim of this study were evaluated the effect of adding orange, pineapple, and beet juices in different concentrations and combinations to the ram semen cryopreservation extender. Five ejaculates from five adult rams were used. The semen pool was diluted in egg yolk-based extender and mixed with the following 15 treatments (at a final concentration of 400.10⁶ sptz/mL): orange 10% (O10) and 15% (O15); pineapple 10% (P10) and 15% (P15); beet 10% (B10) and 15% (B15); pineapple + orange 10% (PO10) and 15% (PO15); pineapple + beet 10% (PB10) and 15% (PB15); beet + orange 10% (BO10) and 15% (BO15); pineapple + beet + orange 10% (PBO10) and 15% (PBO15); and the control group (CON). Post-thaw in 0.25 mL straws semen quality analysis of cryopreserved semen was performed by CASA and flow cytometry. Analysis of variance (PROC GLM) was carried out and the averages were compared using the SNK test. Pearson's correlation test was also performed. No effect was noted in the addition of juices to the semen extender prior to cryopreservation. Post-thawed, although, statistically similar to the control group, the total motility of the B10 group reached acceptable standards of total motility. In addition, B10 group showed the highest values (p<0.05) of progressive motility than control group or other treatments. The addition of 10% beet juice to the ram semen extender can improve the cryopreservation of sperm motility. Keywords: antioxidant; freezing; sperm; semen extender

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio