intervenção especializada de enfermagem

A incapacidade em gerir e controlar os sintomas, são o principal motivo pelo qual os utente/familiares, mais recorrem aos profissionais de saúde (Sidani, 2001). Neste sentido, os enfermeiros despendem grande parte do seu tempo, a intervir no controlo dos sinais e sintomas manifestados pelos utentes. Assim, torna-se importante que os enfermeiros estejam atentos a esta problemática, avaliando os sintomas dos utentes, ou inferindo-os com recurso aos sinais e/ou aos familiares, de forma a desenvolverem uma avaliação crítica, que permita selecionar estratégias e intervenções autónomas e interdependentes no seu controlo dos sintomas e na sua estabilização. A principal finalidade deste relatório, foi a de desenvolver uma análise descritiva e fundamentada, do percurso de aquisição de competências desenvolvido, demonstrando as competências adquiridas. Tendo em consideração a importância dos referenciais teóricos, como orientadores deste percurso, teve-se por base o modelo de Dreyfus adaptada à enfermagem de Benner (2001), como orientador do crescimento e de desenvolvimento de competências profissionais, e a teoria de controlo de sintomas de Humphreys et al. (2008), como orientadora do pensamento e da intervenção em contexto clínico. Este percurso demonstrou-se enriquecedor, tendo permitido desenvolver e mobilizar, diversos conhecimentos teóricos inerentes à prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica, que aliados à pesquisa científica e à reflexão da prática enquanto enfermeiro, incrementam segurança e qualidades nos cuidados prestados. Contribuindo assim, para uma prática especializada de enfermagem, à luz da perícia e excelência, que devem advir da prática de um enfermeiro especialista. Palavras

Characterization of Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare associated with black foot of grapevine in southern Brazil

The incidence and severity of black foot has been recently increasing in nurseries and vineyards of southern Brazil. The goal of the present study was to characterize Campylocarpon isolates associated with black foot of grapevines (Vitis spp.) using multi-gene DNA analysis (internal transcribed spacers [ITS rDNA], β-tubulin and histone H3) and morphological characteristics, and to test the pathogenicity of the isolates in grapevine (Vitis labrusca cv. Bordô). The three DNA regions analyzed indicated that all the isolates belonged to Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare. Their morphology was similar to descriptions published for the species. Isolates exhibited umber- to chestnut-coloured colonies and macroconidia (38.0 × 7.0 μm) predominantly with three septa. All the isolates inoculated in V. labrusca cv. Bordô caused typical symptoms of black foot. This is the first report of Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare in southern Brazil

Antioxidant capacity of Macaronesian traditional medicinal plants

The use of many traditional medicinal plants is often hampered by the absence of a proper biochemical characterization, essential to identify the bioactive compounds present. The leaves from five species endemic to the Macaronesian islands with recognized ethnobotanical applications were analysed: Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) Bornm., Ocotea foetens (Ainton) Baill, Prunus azorica (Mouill.) Rivas-Mart., Lousã, Fern. Prieto, E. Días, J.C. Costa & C. Aguiar, Rumex maderensis Lowe and Plantago arborescens Poir. subsp. maderensis (Dcne.) A. Hans. et Kunk.. Since oxidative stress is a common feature of most diseases traditionally treated by these plants, it is important to assess their antioxidant capacity and determine the molecules responsible for this capacity. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of these plants against two of the most important reactive species in human body (hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals) was determined. To trace the antioxidant origin total phenol and flavonoid contents as well as the polyphenolic profile and the amount of trace elements were determined. There was a wide variation among the species analysed in what concerns their total leaf phenol and flavonoid contents. From the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) electrochemically detected peaks it was possible to attribute to flavonoids the antioxidant capacity detected in A. barbujana, O. foetens, R. maderensis and P. azorica extracts. These potential reactive flavonoids were identified for A. barbujana, R. maderensis and P. azorica. For R. maderensis a high content (7 mg g-1 dry weight) of L-ascorbic acid, an already described antioxidant phytomolecule, was found. A high content in selenomethionine (414.35 μg g-1 dry weight) was obtained for P. arborescens subsp. maderensis extract. This selenocompound is already described as a hydroxyl radical scavenger is reported in this work as also possessing peroxyl radical scavenging capacity. This work is a good illustration of different phytomolecules (flavonoids, organic acids and selenocompounds), presents in leaves of the five traditional medicinal plants endemic to Macaronesia, all exhibiting antioxidant propertiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aprendizagem inventiva de professores da escola básica na pandemia da covid-19

Based on inventive cognition’s perspective, this work aims to understand how teachers invent themselves in the process of learning how to use remote teaching tools. 93 basic education teachers (from Paraíba and Pernambuco) participated. Through descriptive statistical analysis of sociodemographic data and content analysis of answers to a survey (open-ended questions), it was observed that women are the most affected by the changes in school education conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as they recreate interpersonal relations and relations with their profession’s knowledge within the limits of their own body and the demands of continuous teaching work.Basado en la perspectiva de la cognición inventiva, este trabajo busca comprender la reinvención del professor aprendiendo a utilizar herramientas de enseñanza remota. Participaron 93 profesores de educación básica (Paraíba y Pernambuco). Mediante análisis estadístico descriptivo de datos sociodemográficos y análisis de contenido de respuestas a preguntas abiertas de un cuestionario, se observó que las mujeres son más afectadas por los cambios en las condiciones de la educación escolar provocados por la pandemia del COVID-19, recreando relaciones (inter)personales y con los conocimientos de su profesión, en los límites de su propio cuerpo y de las exigencias del trabajo docente continuo.Este trabalho está fundamentado na perspectiva da cognição inventiva, objetivando compreender como o professor se inventa no processo de sua própria aprendizagem de utilização de ferramentas no ensino remoto. Participaram 93 professores da educação básica (Paraíba e Pernambuco). Mediante análise estatística descritiva dos dados sociodemográficos e análise de conteúdo de respostas às questões abertas de um questionário online, observou-se que as mulheres são as mais afetadas pelas mudanças nas condições da educação escolar provocadas pela pandemia da COVID-19, recriando relações (inter)pessoais e com os conhecimentos da profissão nos limites do próprio corpo e das exigências de um trabalho docente contínuo

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Etiologia e epidemiologia da antracnose da videira

Grapevine anthracnose is an important disease, responsible for severe yield losses in humid regions around the world. This study aimed to: i: identify the causal agents of grapevine anthracnose in Brazil; ii: characterize Elsinoë ampelina isolates from Brazil and Australia by means of phylogenetic analyses, morphological features and pathogenicity tests; iii: develop an efficient method for conidial production of E. ampelina; iv: develop and validate a standard area diagram set (SADs) for assessing anthracnose severity on grapevine leaves; and v: study the temporal and spatial progression of anthracnose in a Brazilian vineyard. To identify the causal agents of the disease, leaves, stems and berries with anthracnose symptoms were collected from 38 vineyards in southern and southeastern Brazil and 39 E. ampelina and 13 Colletotrichum spp. isolates were obtained. For E. ampelina isolates, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), histone H3 (HIS3) and elongation factor 1-α (TEF) sequences were analysed. HIS3 was the most informative region with 55 polymorphic sites. Seven Colletotrichum species were identified: C. siamense, C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola, C. viniferum, C. nymphaeae, C. truncatum and C. cliviae. In pathogenicity tests, only E. ampelina isolates caused anthracnose symptoms on Vitis vinifera \'Moscato Giallo\' and Vitis labrusca \'Niagara Rosada\'. To characterize E. ampelina from Brazil and Australia, 35 isolates were analysed. ITS and TEF sequences of all isolates were monomorphic. The haplotype network generated from HIS3 dataset showed four distinct haplotypes. High genetic variability was observed in two Brazilian isolates, haplotype EA4, which may have lost the intron region during species evolution. Colonies showed variable coloration, wrinkled texture, absence of spores and slow growth. Brazilian isolates produced conidia larger than conidia from Australian isolates. To induce the conidial production, mycelial fragments were shake-incubated in rainwater and distilled water for 7 days. Isolates produced different concentrations of conidia and the conidial germination was more than 88.5%. In infectivity tests, conidia caused typical anthracnose symptoms on leaves. The SADs developed comprises six true colour diagrams with severity ranging from 1.1 to 27.4%. The use of the SADs improved the accuracy, precision, agreement and inter-rater reliability of the estimates conducted by 12 raters. The temporal and spatial dynamics of anthracnose was carried out in a \'Niagara Rosada\' vineyard in 2014 and 2015. The incidence of vines with diseased leaves, stems and berries and the severity disease on leaves were recorded. Anthracnose symptoms occurred rapidly after bud break and ontogenic resistance was observed for all organs assessed. The monomolecular model showed the best fit to the incidence progress. Temporal analyses suggest that the progress of anthracnose incidence and severity over time is governed mainly by the primary inoculum due to age-related resistance of the vine organs. Spatial analyses showed a predominantly random spatial pattern of diseased vines. In conclusion, this thesis presents a more in-depth understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of an important grapevine disease.Antracnose da videira é uma importante doença, responsável por severas perdas de produtividade em regiões húmidas em diversos locais do planeta. Este estudo objetivou: i: identificar o agente causal da antracnose da videira no Brasil; ii: caracterizar isolados de Elsinoë ampelina do Brasil e Austrália através de análises filogenéticas, morfologia e testes de patogenicidade; iii: desenvolver um método eficiente para produção de conídios de E. ampelina; iv: desenvolver e validar uma escala diagramática para avaliar a severidade de antracnose em folhas; e v: estudar o progresso temporal e espacial da antracnose em um vinhedo brasileiro. Para identificar os agentes causais da doença, folhas, ramos e bagas com sintomas de antracnose foram coletados em 38 vinhedos das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil e 39 isolados de E. ampelina e 13 isolados de Colletotrichum spp. foram obtidos. Para isolados de E. ampelina, sequências de espaçador interno transcrito (ITS), histona H3 (HIS3) e fator de elongação 1-α (TEF) foram analisadas. HIS3 foi a região mais informativa com 55 sítios polimórficos. Foram identificadas sete espécies de Colletotrichum: C. siamense, C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola, C. viniferum, C. nymphaeae, C. truncatum e C. cliviae. Nos testes de patogenicidade, somente isolados de E. ampelina causaram sintomas de antracnose em Vitis vinifera \'Moscato Giallo\' e Vitis labrusca \'Niagara Rosada\'. Para a caracterização de E. ampelina do Brasil e Austrália, 35 isolados foram analisados. Sequências de ITS e TEF de todos os isolados foram monomórficas. A rede de haplótipos gerada a partir de sequências de HIS3 resultou na formação de quatro haplótipos. Alta diversidade genética foi observada em dois isolados brasileiros, haplótipo EA4, sugerindo a perda do intron durante a evolução da espécie. Colônias apresentaram coloração variável, textura enrugada, ausência de esporos e lento crescimento. Isolados brasileiros apresentaram conídios maiores que conídios de isolados australianos. Para induzir a esporulação, fragmentos de micélio foram agitados e incubados em água da chuva e água destilada durante 7 dias. Isolados produziram diferentes concentrações de conídios e a germinação foi superior a 88,5%. Nos testes de infectividade, os conídios causaram sintomas de antracnose em folhas. A escala diagramática desenvolvida compreende seis diagramas em cores reais com severidade variando de 1,1 a 27,4%. O uso da escala diagramática melhorou a acurácia, precisão, concordância e reprodutibilidade das estimativas conduzidas por 12 avaliadores. A dinâmica temporal e espacial da antracnose foi conduzida em vinhedo de \'Niagara Rosada\' em 2014 e 2015. A incidência de videiras com folhas, ramos e bagas sintomáticos e a severidade em folhas foram registradas. Os sintomas de antracnose ocorreram rapidamente após a brotação sendo observada resistência ontogênica em todos os órgãos avaliados. O modelo monomolecular mostrou o melhor ajuste para o progresso da incidência. As análises temporais sugerem que o progresso da incidência e severidade durante o tempo é influenciado principalmente pelo inóculo inicial devido à resistência ontogênica dos órgãos. As análises espaciais mostraram um padrão espacial predominantemente aleatório de videiras sintomáticas. Em conclusão, esta tese apresenta uma compreensão mais aprofundada da etiologia e epidemiologia de uma importante doença da videira

IDENTIFICAÇÃO E UTILIZAÇÃO DE Trichoderma spp. ARMAZENADOS E NATIVOS NO BIOCONTROLE DE Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , handles significant losses in lettuce production. Being a soil borne fungus, its management is difficult, and an alternative is the use of biological control using species of the Trichoderma genus. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify native species of Trichoderma spp. presents in the soil with (CP) and without white mold (SP), evaluate the growth rate and in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against S. sclerotiorum and to verify the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. microbi- olized lettuce seeds, growing in substrate infested with S. sclerotiorum . Trichoderma spp. isolates were obtained from areas with and without history of white mold or stored in water. Mycelial growth rate and sporu- lation of the Trichoderma spp. isolates and control of Trichoderma spp. versus S. sclerotiorum in the in vitro essays. For the in vivo essay, lettuce seeds were microbiolized with Trichoderma spp. and the substrate was infested with S. sclerotiorum . The native isolates of Trichoderma identified belong to T. koningiopsis and T. asperellum species. The CP isolates had higher mycelial growth rates when compared to the SP isolates and stored while the stored isolates showed better responses in confrontation. The application of Trichoderma spp. promoted higher seedlings quality compared to control, as well as good seedlings development in the presence of the pathogen

Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis for control of Dactylonectria macrodidyma in grapevine

Black foot disease, which is primarily caused by Dactylonectria species, affects young and mature grapevines, causing loss of productivity and reduction of longevity of vineyards. Because it is a soil-borne fungus, this pathogen offers limited control possibilities. This study aimed to assess the biocontrol activity of products based on Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis, in vitro and in vivo, against D. macrodidyma. In vitro assays were carried out to evaluate inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen through volatile metabolites and paired cultures assays. An in vivo experiment evaluated the potential biocontrol of the pathogen in plants of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot, grafted on ‘Paulsen 1103’. In the volatile metabolites assay, mean inhibition of mycelial growth in treatments using Trichoderma spp. was 59%. In the paired cultures experiment, treatment with B. subtilis (Rizolyptus®) gave 41% inhibition of the pathogen. In the in vivo assay, the best results for length of the primary shoots, total numbers of nodes and root dry weight were achieved with the B. subtilis treatments. This study demonstrates that B. subtilis has potential for biocontrol of D. macrodidyma