O Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano como instrumento de emancipação jurídica dos povos invisibilizados

Anais do Pré-Evento Interseccionalidade e Fronteiras, realizado pelo Programa de Pós- Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos Latino-Americanos (PPGIELA) da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA) em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) - 18a Congresso Mundial de Antroplogia (IUAES) nos dias 12 e 13 de Julho de 2018O Presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar as relações ocultadas entre Direito e Cultura a serviço da dominação de classe e como esse mesmo binômio poder ser empregado como instrumento de emancipação, tendo-se como marco referencial o Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano. Teve-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica nas áreas de Direito e Antropologia. Conclui-se que o Direito historicamente foi instrumento de dominação e colonização, sustentando-se no mito da neutralidade, mas que tal relação vem sendo alterada pelo uso contrahegemônico do Direito por povos campesinos que deram origem ao Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano, passando a ser ferramenta de emancipaçã

O Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia e as garantias constitucionais à reafirmação das horizontalidades geográficas

In the early years of the XXI Century, Bolivia a set of political, legal, economic and territorial transformations. At this time, Bolivia promoted a Constitutional Assembly in order to refound the State, putting it in the service of popular demands, mainly in the construction of a new integral State (LINERA, 2010), in decolonization, territorial integration, and nationalization of natural resources. In this sense, the Plurinational State of Bolivia was founded, as an answer to the territorial conflicts of the country. In this context, this work aims to verify the constitutional assurances promulgated by the Constitution of 2009 in the process of reaffirming the geographical horizontalities. This work is an interdisciplinary study in Law and Geography, whose methodology was bibliographic research and document analysis, especially regarding Milton Santos' geographical space category (2006) and the New Latin-American Constitutionalism, of Rubén Martínez Dalmau and Roberto Viciano Pastor (2012).En los primeros años del siglo XXI, se produjo en Bolivia un conjunto de transformaciones políticas, jurídicas, económicas y territoriales. En ese momento Bolivia promovió una asamblea constituyente con el objetivo de reformular el Estado, dejando al servicio de las demandas populares, principalmente en la construcción de un Estado Integral (LINERA, 2010b), de la descolonización, integración territorial y nacionalización de los recursos naturales. En ese sentido fue fundado el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, como una apuesta de solución a los conflictos territoriales del País. En razón de eso, este trabajo desea saber cuales son las garantías constitucionales promulgadas por la constitución de 2009 en el proceso de reafirmación de las horizontalidades geográficas. Se trata de un estudio interdisciplinar entre el derecho y la geografía cuya metodología fue la de pesquisa bibliográfica y análisis de documentos, estructurados a partir de la categoría de espacio geográfico de Milton Santos (2006) y de las premisas del Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano, por sus diferentes exponentes, especialmente Rubén Martínez Dalmau y Roberto Viciano Pastor (2012).Nos primeiros anos do século XXI, ocorreu na Bolívia um conjunto de transformações políticas, jurídicas, econômicas e territoriais. Naquele momento a Bolívia promoveu uma assembleia constituinte com o intuito de refundar o Estado, colocando-o a serviço das demandas populares, principalmente na construção de um Estado integral (LINERAb, 2010), da descolonização, integração territorial e nacionalização dos recursos naturais. Nesse sentido foi fundado o Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia, como aposta de solução aos conflitos territoriais do país. Em face disso, este trabalho deseja saber quais são as garantias constitucionais promulgadas pela constituição de 2009 no processo de reafirmação das horizontalidades geográficas. Trata-se de um estudo interdisciplinar entre o Direito e a Geografia, cuja metodologia foi de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de documentos, estruturados a partir da categoria de espaço geográfico de Milton Santos (2006) e das premissas do Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano, por seus diversos expoentes, especialmente Rubén Martinez Dalmau e Roberto Viciano Pastor (2012)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo torta de crambe

It was evaluated the feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing 30% sorghum silage and 70% crambe cake (30:70 diet), and 70% sorghum silage and 30% crambe cake (70:30 diet) under voluntary and controlled consumption. The experimental design used was a 4 × 4 Latin square, with four animals, four periods, and four treatments; feeding behavior was determined by observation. The results indicated that animals fed the 30:70 diet showed higher DM and NDF (g day-1) than those fed the 70:30 diet. Animals fed the 70:30 diet showed longer feeding times (h kg-1 DM), mastication (min kg-1 DM and min kg-1 NDF), rumination (min day-1 and min kg-1 DM), and the largest number of mericics chewing per bolus; however, a higher feed efficiency (g DM h-1) was observed in the 30:70 diet group. Furthermore, animals feeding voluntarily had higher DM intake and chewed for longer. Therefore, the combined results indicated that crambe cake could be used in the diet of sheep without affecting feeding behavior.Foi avaliado o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo 30% de silagem de sorgo e 70% de torta de crambe (30:70) e 70% de silagem de sorgo e 30% de torta de crambe (70:30) sob consumo voluntário e controlado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4x4, com quatro animais, quatro períodos e quatro tratamentos. O comportamento ingestivo foi determinado mediante observação visual. Animais recebendo dietas com relação 30:70, apresentaram maior consumo de MS e FDN (g dia-1). Animais alimentados com a relação 70:30, apresentaram maior tempo de alimentação (horas kg-1MS), de mastigação (min kg-1MS e min kg-1FDN), de ruminação (min dia-1 e min kg-1MS), maior número de mastigações merícicas por bolo. A melhor eficiência de alimentação (g MS h-1) foi apresentado para a relação 30:70. Animais submetidos ao regime de consumo voluntário apresentam maior consumo de MS e maior tempo de mastigação. A torta de crambe pode ser utilizada na dieta de ovinos sem alterar os parâmetros de comportamento ingestivo

Evaluation of plaque composition by intravascular ultrasound ""virtual histology"": the impact of dense calcium on the measurement of necrotic tissue

Aims: We aimed to evaluate if the co-localisation of calcium and necrosis in intravascular ultrasound virtual histology (IVUS-VH) is due to artefact, and whether this effect can be mathematically estimated. Methods and results: We hypothesised that, in case calcium induces an artefactual coding of necrosis, any addition in calcium content would generate an artificial increment in the necrotic tissue. Stent struts were used to simulate the ""added calcium"". The change in the amount and in the spatial localisation of necrotic tissue was evaluated before and after stenting (n=17 coronary lesions) by means of a especially developed imaging software. The area of ""calcium"" increased from a median of 0.04 mm(2) at baseline to 0.76 mm(2) after stenting (p<0.01). In parallel the median necrotic content increased from 0.19 mm(2) to 0.59 mm(2) (p<0.01). The ""added"" calcium strongly predicted a proportional increase in necrosis-coded tissue in the areas surrounding the calcium-like spots (model R(2)=0.70; p<0.001). Conclusions: Artificial addition of calcium-like elements to the atherosclerotic plaque led to an increase in necrotic tissue in virtual histology that is probably artefactual. The overestimation of necrotic tissue by calcium strictly followed a linear pattern, indicating that it may be amenable to mathematical correction.State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), BrazilFAPES