A note on Pascal's triangle and division by eleven

Divisibility is an old topic that to this day intrigues and fascinates researchers and scholars. Several rules are well-known in particular the divisibility by eleven, since, for example, a palindrome with an even number of digits is divisible by eleven. In current times, divisibility has its applications, for example, in cryptography. Here, in this paper, we will show that applying two somewhat intuitive procedures to the lines of Pascal's triangle shall always yield numbers divisible by eleven. Illustrative examples are presented

O Capital Social e os Laços Fortes entre os membros da diretoria do Projeto RECA / Social Capital and Strong Ties between the RECA Project Board Members

A exploração das riquezas naturais da Amazônia é contrastada com a pobreza da população de suas comunidades. A exploração descontrolada dos recursos naturais é insustentável do ponto de vista econômico, ambiental e sociais. Uma proposta para mitigar as externalidades ambientais e socioeconômicas seria a exploração sustentável pelas redes extrativistas e SAFs. O capital social na categoria laços fortes e fracos proporcionam a organização, fortalecimento e expansão das redes. A pesquisa foi realizada no Projeto RECA para responder à pergunta: quais as características do capital social na força dos laços fortes entre os membros da diretoria do Projeto RECA? A pesquisa tem o horizonte de tempo transversal, a epistemologia construtivista com abordagem descritiva, o método qualitativo e caracterizada como pesquisa qualitativa básica. Os dados são primários, coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadas com perguntas abertas. A análise de dados foi realizada em quatro etapas, e os resultados da análise das entrevistas confirmaram o enraizamento na diretoria do Projeto RECA do Capital Social na categoria laços fortes listadas Granovetter, caracterizadas nos aspectos: quantidade de tempo, intensidade emocional, intimidade, confiança mútua e serviços recíprocos. Apresentando um senso de pertencimento à comunidade e à associação

HISAR : hydrologic Indices of South American Rivers

This is a preview of the HISAR dataset (Hydrologic Indices of South American Rivers). The HISAR dataset is freely available for non-commercial use. The files provided are (i) drainage line shapefile with river reaches as represented by the MGB model and 73 attributes corresponding to hydrologic indices derived from simulated time series; (ii) gauge points shapefile with 73 attributes corresponding to hydrologic indices derived from observed time series; (iii) maps with hydrologic indices, (iv) maps with information of the error of some indices and (v) the scripts used to calculate the indices. This database provides a spatial view of the variability of the river flow regime characteristics. The line shapefile has 33,749 river reaches with an average length of 15 km and drainage area > 1000 km². The ESRI shapefile also has the attributes of drainage area (Upst_Area_ in km²), length (Ltr_Km_ in km), UC (corresponding catchment attribute from hydrological modelling), HYear_min (starting month of the hydrological year of minimum flow) and HYear_max (starting month of the hydrological year of maximum flow). A value of -9999999 is used as a symbol of ‘no data’. Some river reaches do not have all hydrologic indices calculated, due to series of streamflows that could not meet specific criteria. For instance, the baseflow recession constant was automatically calculated using at least five consecutive days of decreasing streamflow, all of which below the Q90 (streamflow value that is exceeded 90% of the time), and this condition was not found in all cases. The gauge points shapefile has 1329 points with 73 attributes corresponding to hydrologic indices derived from observed time series. The drainage area of the gauges ranging from 1,000 to 4,703,503 km2. The ESRI shapefile also has the attributes of code, name, latitude (lat), longitude (long), drainage area (Upst_Area_ in km²), Country were the gauge point are located, HYear_min (starting month of the hydrological year of minimum flow) and HYear_max (starting month of the hydrological year of maximum flow). A value of -9999999 is used as a symbol of ‘no data’. For more information about HISAR dataset see the journal article DOI: in preparation

Mg-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications

Magnesium (Mg) is a promising material for producing temporary orthopedic implants, since it is a biodegradable and biocompatible metal which density is very similar to that of the bones. Another benefit is the small strength mismatch when compared to other biocompatible metals, what alleviates stress-shielding effects between bone and the implant. To take advantage of the best materials properties, it is possible to combine magnesium with bioactive ceramics and tailor composites for medical applications with improved biocompatibility, controllable degradation rates and the necessary mechanical properties. To properly insert bioactive reinforcement into the metallic matrix, the fabrication of these composites usually involves at least one high temperature step, as casting or sintering. Yet, recent papers report the development of Mg-based composites at room temperature using severe plastic deformation. This chapter goes through the available data over the development of Mg-composites reinforced with bioactive ceramics, presenting the latest findings on the topic. This overview aims to identify the major influence of the processing route on matrix refinement and reinforcement dispersion, which are critical parameters to determine mechanical and corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-based composites

Cartografia geofísica regional do magmatismo mesozoico na Bacia do Parnaíba

During the Mesozoic break-up of the Pangaea megacontinent and opening of the Atlantic Ocean, intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks took place in the Parnaíba Basin in Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times, resulting in the Mosquito and Sardinha igneous successions, respectively. The main aim of this research is a regional geophysical mapping of these magmatic bodies based on techniques of magnetic anomaly enhancement and self-organizing maps (SOM). The final geophysical maps indicate that the Mosquito Magmatism has widespread distribution at the western and southern edges of the basin, whereas the Sardinha Magmatism is distributed at the center-eastern and northeastern portions. Magnetic susceptibility data measured in magmatic rocks outcrops allowed distinguishing the two main Mesozoic magmatic activities. The igneous successions associated with the Sardinha Formation displays averaged magnetic susceptibility about two times higher than the Mosquito Formation. This difference of physical property reveals a compositional differentiation of these two magmatic events. Comparative analysis between seismic sections, magnetic and surface geology data shows that the occurrence of magmatic rocks is much more extensive in the subsurface and the sills and dykes occur mainly intercalated in the Paleozoic tectonic-sedimentary sequences. Finally, the magnetic lineaments revealed: ENE-WSW and NNE-SSW oriented rifts, associated with the break-up of West Gondwana; and E-W and NE-SW structural trends associated with Brasiliano shear zones. This tectonic heritage partially controlled the emplacement of the Mesozoic magmatism in the Parnaíba Basin. Finally rifts structures lying unconformably on Parnaiba sedimentary sequences point out to a close relationship with ENE-WSW and NNE-SSW oriented magnetic trends. On the other hand, deep anisotropies associated to the Transbrasiliano Lineament revealed E-W and NE-SW structural trends, governing the pattern of emplacement of Mesozoic magmatism in the Parnaíba Basin. Durante a desagregação mesozoica do megacontinente Pangea e abertura do Oceano Atlântico, rochas ígneas intrusivas e extrusivas acomodaram-se na Bacia do Parnaíba no Eojurássico e Eocretáceo, resultando nas sucessões ígneas Mosquito e Sardinha, respectivamente. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é a cartografia geofísica regional desses corpos magmáticos com base em técnicas de realce de anomalias magnéticas e mapeamento semiautomático (SOM). Um vasto conjunto de dados magnéticos aerolevantados foi processado e interpretado com o objetivo de cartografar a distribuição da atividade ígnea na Bacia do Parnaíba. Os mapas geofísicos resultantes indicam que o magmatismo mosquito tem proeminente ocorrência nas bordas oeste e sul da bacia, enquanto que o magmatismo sardinha está concentrado nas porções centro-leste e nordeste. Dados de susceptibilidade magnética das rochas magmáticas permitiram individualizar os dois principais eventos magmáticos mesozoicos, constatando que a Formação Sardinha exibe susceptibilidade magnética média aproximadamente duas vezes maior que a Formação Mosquito, revelando uma diferenciação composicional desses dois eventos magmáticos. Análise comparativa entre seções sísmicas, dados magnéticos e geológicos de superfície revela que a ocorrência das rochas magmáticas é muito mais extensa em subsuperfície e que soleiras e diques ocorrem principalmente intercalados entre as sequências tectono-sedimentares paleozoicas. As direções dos lineamentos magnéticos revelaram a possível ocorrência de feições riftes de direções ENE-WSW e NNE-SSW, associados à desagregação do Gondwana Oeste, e <i>trends</i> estruturais E-W e NE-SW, associados a zonas de cisalhamento brasilianas. Essa herança tectônica controlou parcialmente o alojamento do magmatismo mesozoico na Bacia do Parnaíba. Por fim, estruturas rifte sotopostas discordantemente sob as sequências sedimentares demostram uma relação próxima com as direções magnéticas orientadas para ENE-WSW e NNE-SSW. Por outro lado, anisotropias profundas associadas ao Lineamento Transbrasiliano revelaram <i>trends</i> estruturais E-W e NE-SW, governando o padrão de alojamento do magmatismo mesozoico na Bacia do Parnaíba

O CORPO NA SOCIEDADE DE CONSUMIDORES: INTERPRETAÇÕES A PARTIR DE ESTUDANTES DO COLÉGIO PEDRO II

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las representaciones corporales de un grupo de estudiantes de secundaria del Colégio Pedro II. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 77 estudiantes de secundaria regular e integrada del Colégio Pedro II – Campus São Cristóvão III. Los instrumentos para la recolección de información fueron un cuestionario de encuesta en línea y un grupo focal, con análisis basado en el Método de Interpretación de los Sentidos, privilegiando el diálogo con el enfoque sociológico de Zygmunt Bauman. Los análisis desarrollados demostraron, en línea con el argumento baumaniano sobre los procesos de privatización y consumo, que los estudiantes tienen identidades corporales ambivalentes y sus entendimientos sobre el cuerpo son fluidos en función de las estrategias de responsabilidad individual en torno a decisiones sobre el cuerpo, los cuales fueron influenciados, en el ámbito de esta investigación, por acciones educativas presentes en la institución en foco y por influencias mediáticas.The purpose of the research was to analyze the body representations of a group of high school students at Colégio Pedro II. The study was carried out with 77 students from regular and integrated high school at Colégio Pedro II – Campus São Cristóvão III. The tools used for data collection were an online survey questionnaire and focus group, with analysis based on the Meaning Interpretation Method, privileging the dialog with the sociological approach of Zygmunt Bauman. The developed analysis showed, in line with the baumanian argument surrounding privatization and consumption processes, that students have ambivalent bodily identities, in other words, their understandings about the body are fluid, due to individual accountability strategies around decisions about the body, which were influenced, in the scope of this research, by educational actions present in the institution in focus and by media influences.O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as representações corporais de um grupo de estudantes do Ensino Médio do Colégio Pedro II. A pesquisa se desenvolveu com 77 estudantes do Ensino Médio regular e integrado do Colégio Pedro II – Campus São Cristóvão III. Os instrumentos para coleta de informações foram um questionário survey on-line e grupo focal, com análise baseada no Método de Interpretação dos Sentidos, privilegiando o diálogo com a abordagem sociológica de Zygmunt Bauman. As análises desenvolvidas demonstraram, em consonância com o argumento baumaniano em torno dos processos de privatização e consumo, que os estudantes possuem identidades corporais ambivalentes, ou seja, seus entendimentos sobre o corpo são fluidos em função das estratégias de responsabilização individual em torno das decisões sobre o corpo, que foram influenciadas, no escopo dessa pesquisa, por ações educativas presentes na instituição em foco e por influências midiáticas

The effect of carbon dioxide therapy on composite graft survival

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of carboxytherapy in auricular composite grafts in rabbits. METHODS: An experimental study was conducted using 20 rabbits randomly assigned to a treatment group of carboxytherapy or a control group of saline solution. In each ear, a circular graft with 1.5 cm or 2 cm of diameter was amputated and reattached. Animals underwent carbon dioxide or saline injection four times during the experiment. We analyzed clinical evolution of the animals, grafts survival, histopathology features and histomorphometry of collagen. RESULTS:The treated group had a significantly lower weight gain (p=0.038). Histopathology was not significantly different between groups. There was an increase in amount of collagen in 2 cm grafts submitted to carbon dioxide therapy (p=0.003). Carboxytherapy didn't influence graft survival rate for 1.5 cm grafts or 2 cm grafts (p=0.567 and p=0.777, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Carbon dioxide therapy increased the amount of collagen in 2 cm grafts. CO2 was not significantly different from saline infusion on composite grafts survival, but this study suggests that there is a mechanical effect caused by distension which favored graft survival

A review on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) are the most common pituitary tumors after prolactinomas. The absence of clinical symptoms of hormonal hypersecretion can contribute to the late diagnosis of the disease. Thus, the majority of patients seek medical attention for signs and symptoms resulting from mass effect, such as neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms and hypopituitarism. Other presentations include pituitary apoplexy or an incidental finding on imaging studies. Mass effect and hypopituitarism impose high morbidity and mortality. However, early diagnosis and effective treatment minimizes morbidity and mortality. In this publication, the goal of the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism is to provide a review of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NFPA, emphasizing that the treatment should be performed in reference centers. This review is based on data published in the literature and the authors’ experience. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(4):374-9