An uncommon and elusive cause of cerebral venous thrombosis

We present a case of of young 27year male who was admitted with history of headache and vomiting for one week. He was diagnosed as having dural sinus thrombosis of superior sagittal, right lateral, right sigmoid sinus. There was previous history of uveitis 6 months prior to it. All thrombophilia workup was negative except homocysteine levels were moderately high. He was also found to be having recurring genital and oral ulcers. Pathergy test was negative. His HLA B 51/5 testing came back positive. Final diagnosis of Bechet’s disease was made and responded well to long term steroids and Colchicine. A multisystem vasculitis like Bechet’s disease should always be thought in patients with venous thrombosis with negative thrombophilia screening and recurrent oral and genital ulcers

Contact Tracing: A Forgotten Tool?

Contact tracing is done to interrupt the spread or transmission of the causative agent to others who are in close contact with the index case and are vulnerable by not being immune. Public health experts have relied on contact tracing to reduce the spread of infections throughout history. Now the same method is being used for COVID 19. The healthcare systems in developing countries are ill-equipped to respond to pandemics of this kind. Our healthcare facility effectively employed the traditional contact tracing tool that formed the basis of a strong support system for all those employees who contracted Corona virus infection

Genetic diversity of rose germplasm in Pakistan characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been found to be very useful in studying the genetic variability of different species, including Rosa. Present studies were undertaken for the identification and  analysis of genetic variation within a collection of 4 species and 30 accessions of rose using RAPD analysis  technique. The results showed the molecular distinctions among the genotypes when analysed using 25 RAPD primers. Total amplified bands were 146, out of which 110 were polymorphic, with an average of seven bands per primer. Maximum number of bands (10) was produced by primer GLD-20, while GLC-02 produced the  minimum number of bands (2). Maximum polymorphism in the present study was obtained by primer GLA-03, GLA-05, GLA-07, GLA-10, GLC-02, GLC-06, GLC-08, GLC-10, OPG-11 and OPE-19 which produced 100%  polymorphic bands, while primer GLB-11 produced only 42.85% polymorphic bands. This study demonstrated the potential of RAPD technique for the characterization of genetic variation within the rose germplasm.Key words: Random amplified polymorphic DNA, polymorphism, rose germplasm, primer

Draft genome sequence of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain resistant to fourth-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics

ABSTRACT Typhoid is endemic in developing countries. We report here the first draft genome sequence of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi clinical isolate from Pakistan exhibiting resistance to cefepime (a fourth-generation cephalosporin) and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, two of the last-generation therapies against this pathogen. The genome is ~4.8 Mb, with two putative plasmids. </jats:p

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Fully Developed Liquid Layer Flow Over a Convex Corner Considering Surface Tension Effects Using Numerical Methods

In this paper, liquid layer flow considering surface tension effect, encountering a convex corner has been discussed. The flow profile far upstream is fully developed. Half-Poiseuille gives exact solution far upstream. Due to small disturbance of 0(&delta;), matched asymptotic technique has been opted to get the linearized solutions far downstream. The obtained equations have been solved numerically using Chebyshev Collocation method in collaboration with finite difference scheme. These results have been verified via computational work. The aforementioned method is beneficial, as we have successfully plotted graphs for the cases s = 0.1 and 0.2. Eventually, we have compared obtained results with the Gajjar&rsquo;s results [3