Innovation, apprentissage et niveaux de représentation mentale dans l'entreprise moderne

La connaissance est une ressource critique de l’entreprise moderne. Les processus d’apprentissage, de partage et d’utilisation de la connaissance déterminent l’efficacité et la capacité d’innovation des organisations. Dans ma thèse, je m’appuie sur la théorie des niveaux de représentation mentale (construal level theory) pour explorer la relation entre les responsabilités des employés et le type de connaissance qu’ils créent et partagent. Plus précisément, j’étudie les effets de deux attributs de l’entreprise moderne (l’utilisation croissante de technologie et le changement des structures hiérarchiques) sur les représentations mentales du travail et les comportements liés à l’innovation. J’utilise diverses méthodes de recherche pour tester cette hypothèse, dont deux études fondées sur des données d’archive, quatre expériences en laboratoire et deux études longitudinales sur questionnaire.Knowledge is increasingly recognized as one of the most critical resources in the modern workplace, because the way knowledge is learned, shared and used determines organizational innovation and effectiveness. In my dissertation, I build on construal level theory to explore the relationship between workers’ roles and the types of knowledge that workers create and share. In particular, I draw upon two features of the modern workplace that are evolving dramatically – the increasing use of technology and changing hierarchical structures – to explore how the level of abstraction at which employees mentally represent their work roles mediates the relationship between these structural features of the work context and the practically-relevant and important employee behaviors underlying innovation. I leverage methodological diversity to test the hypotheses in eight studies, including two studies based on archival data, four laboratory experiments and two longitudinal studies based on survey data

Innovation, learning and construal levels in the modern workplace

Knowledge is increasingly recognized as one of the most critical resources in the modern workplace, because the way knowledge is learned, shared and used determines organizational innovation and effectiveness. In this dissertation, we build on construal level theory to explore the relationship between the structure of workers’ roles and the types of knowledge that workers create and share. In particular, we draw upon two features of the modern workplace that are evolving dramatically – the increasing use of technology and changing hierarchical structures – to explore how the level of abstraction at which employees mentally represent their work roles mediates the relationship between these structural features of the work context and the practically-relevant and important employee behaviors underlying innovation. We leverage methodological diversity to test the hypotheses in several studies, including studies based on archival data, experiments and longitudinal studies based on survey data

Twenty five years of ferritin research : what's up now ?

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Arabidopsis ferritins as an integrative model linking iron metabolism to light, clock and oxidative stress signalings

Arabidopsis ferritins as an integrative model linking iron metabolism to light, clock and oxidative stress signalings. POSTECH International Conference on Plant Scienc

Iron and ROS control of the DownSTream mRNA decay pathway is essential for plant fitness.

International audienceA new regulatory pathway involved in plant response to oxidative stress was revealed using the iron-induced Arabidopsis ferritin AtFER1 as a model. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, the DownSTream (DST) cis-acting element in the 3'-untranslated region of the AtFER1 mRNA was shown to be involved in the degradation of this transcript, and oxidative stress triggers this destabilization. In the two previously identified trans-acting mutants (dst1 and dst2), AtFER1 mRNA stability is indeed impaired. Other iron-regulated genes containing putative DST sequences also displayed altered expression. Further physiological characterization identified this oxidative stress-induced DST-dependent degradation pathway as an essential regulatory mechanism to modulate mRNA accumulation patterns. Alteration of this control dramatically impacts plant oxidative physiology and growth. In conclusion, the DST-dependent mRNA stability control appears to be an essential mechanism that allows plants to cope with adverse environmental conditions

Iron around the clock.

International audienceCarbon assimilation, a key determinant of plant biomass production, is under circadian regulation. Light and temperature are major inputs of the plant clock that control various daily rhythms. Such rhythms confer adaptive advantages to the organisms by adjusting their metabolism in anticipation of environmental fluctuations. The relationship between the circadian clock and nutrition extends far beyond the regulation of carbon assimilation as mineral nutrition, and specially iron homeostasis, is regulated through this mechanism. Conversely, iron status was identified as a new and important input regulating the central oscillator, raising the question of the nature of the Fe-dependent signal that modulates the period of the circadian clock. Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that fully developed and functional chloroplasts as well as early light signalling events, involving phytochromes, are essential to couple the clock to Fe responses. Nevertheless, the exact nature of the signal, which most probably involves unknown or not yet fully characterized elements of the chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling pathway, remains to be identified. Finally, this regulation may also involves epigenetic components

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: A French Network of Rare Head and Neck Tumors (REFCOR) prospective study of 292 cases

International audienc

Same data, different conclusions : radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis

In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists’ gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for organizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed

Same data, different conclusions: Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis

In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists’ gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for organizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed