81 research outputs found
Anthropologie raciale et savoirs biologiques
La « science des races » sâest construite au cours du xixe siĂšcle dans un contexte marquĂ© par des controverses scientifiques de lâĂ©poque : monogĂ©nisme versus polygĂ©nisme, crĂ©ationnisme versus transformisme. Dans un contexte empreint de reprĂ©sentations inĂ©galitaires, cette science a Ă©galement rendu « scientifique » ces reprĂ©sentations : les idĂ©es de supĂ©rioritĂ© et dâinfĂ©rioritĂ© des races se sont installĂ©es dans lâespace public, des revues scientifiques aux manuels scolaires, de la littĂ©rature coloniale aux tribunes de l'assemblĂ©e nationale.The «science of races» was built during the 19th century in a context marked by scientific controversies of the time: monogenism versus polygenism, creationism versus transformism. In a context influenced by unequal representations, this science has also made these representations âscientificâ: ideas of superiority and inferiority of races have settled in the public space, from scientific journals to textbooks, from colonial literature to the national assembly
Histoire politique du mouvement surréaliste (1919-1969)
Si les aspects littéraires du mouvement surréaliste ont donné lieu à nombre d'études, aucune histoire politique du surréalisme couvrant toute la période n'avait jamais été effectuée. De plus, des sources nouvelles sont aujourd'hui disponibles : les comptes rendus des réunions surréalistes des années vingt récemment publiés chez Gallimard, et surtout la correspondance d'André Breton déposée à la BibliothÚque littéraire Jacques Doucet, que ses ayants droit ont eu la gentillesse de m'autoriser à ..
DELIVERING EARLY, CONTEXTUALIZED GUIDANCE REGARDING CLOUD CARBON FOOTPRINT
Across multiple industry segments, organizations that are deploying systems to the cloud are increasingly concerned with the carbon footprint of their activities. However, once a system has progressed through design and development and it is in production, its fundamental energy consumption profile is set. Consequently, a need exists for a way to deliver energy consumption awareness to engineers during the development process so that a lower carbon footprint may be established within a system, at the earliest possible stage. To address that need, techniques are presented herein that support a system for delivering such awareness to engineers during the development process. Aspects of the presented techniques encompass integrating with integrated development environments (IDEs) using industry-standard technology, interfacing with energy monitoring technology, and carrying out a statistical analysis involving correlation and regression between tokenized source code and granular workload-oriented carbon impact assessments
Présentation
Lâimportance prise par des grilles dâanalyse et dâaction inspirĂ©es des sciences biologiques (neurosciences, psychologie neurocognitive, gĂ©nĂ©tique, etc.) dans un nombre croissant de secteurs du monde social est un phĂ©nomĂšne Ă la fois important et peu investiguĂ© par les chercheurs francophones. Depuis le milieu des annĂ©es 2000, ces derniers ont certes commencĂ© Ă sâemparer du sujet, mais essentiellement dans des perspectives thĂ©oriques et disciplinaires, comme en tĂ©moignent plusieurs articles, n..
Outbreak of Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Patients, France
Respiratory tract colonization with these bacteria may be common in this population
Evaluating 3D hydraulic conditions to favor sediment transport and erosion trough a reservoir: the case study of Champagneux run-of-river dam on the Rhöne River, France
Water Qualit
Définition de nouveaux indicateurs d'endommagement en fatigue cyclique pour les CMC : vers la prévision de la durée de vie
Les matĂ©riaux composites Ă matrice cĂ©ramique (CMC) semblent ĂȘtre des matĂ©riaux trĂšs prometteurs pour les nouvelles gĂ©nĂ©rations de propulseurs civils du fait de leur faible densitĂ© et leur grande tĂ©nacitĂ© en tempĂ©rature. Il est donc nĂ©cessaire de connaitre et de comprendre les mĂ©canismes dâendommagement de ce type de matĂ©riau, et particuliĂšrement pour des sollicitations de longues durĂ©es. Dans ce but des essais de fatigue cyclique et statique sont rĂ©alisĂ©s en tempĂ©rature (T=450°C). En raison de la complexitĂ© des modes dâendommagement, il est indispensable de dĂ©velopper des moyens de suivi des mĂ©canismes dâendommagement en temps rĂ©el. Cette Ă©tude propose dâutiliser lâĂ©mission acoustique comme indicateur dâendommagement, au travers de deux approches. Dâune part lâidentification de la signature acoustique dâun mĂ©canisme dâendommagement permet sa dĂ©tection en temps rĂ©el et lâĂ©valuation de sa criticitĂ©. Dâautre part, en considĂ©rant lâĂ©nergie acoustique de maniĂšre globale et en la comparant Ă lâĂ©nergie mĂ©canique, il est possible de dĂ©terminer en temps rĂ©el diffĂ©rents niveaux dâendommagement caractĂ©ristiques du matĂ©riau
Genetic landscape of a large cohort of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency : New genes and pathways and implications for personalized medicine
Background Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), a public health problem, affects 1-3.7% of women under 40 yield-ing infertility and a shorter lifespan. Most causes are unknown. Recently, genetic causes were identified, mostly in single families. We studied an unprecedented large cohort of POI to unravel its molecular pathophysiology.Methods 375 patients with 70 families were studied using targeted (88 genes) or whole exome sequencing with pathogenic/likely-pathogenic variant selection. Mitomycin-induced chromosome breakages were studied in patients' lymphocytes if necessary. Findings A high-yield of 29.3% supports a clinical genetic diagnosis of POI. In addition, we found strong evidence of pathogenicity for nine genes not previously related to a Mendelian phenotype or POI: ELAVL2, NLRP11, CENPE, SPATA33, CCDC150, CCDC185, including DNA repair genes: C17orf53(HROB), HELQ, SWI5 yielding high chromo-somal fragility. We confirmed the causal role of BRCA2, FANCM, BNC1, ERCC6, MSH4, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2, ESR2, CAV1, SPIDR, RCBTB1 and ATG7 previously reported in isolated patients/families. In 8.5% of cases, POI is the only symptom of a multi-organ genetic disease. New pathways were identified: NF-kB, post-translational regulation, and mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy), providing future therapeutic targets. Three new genes have been shown to affect the age of natural menopause supporting a genetic link.Interpretation We have developed high-performance genetic diagnostic of POI, dissecting the molecular pathogene-sis of POI and enabling personalized medicine to i) prevent/cure comorbidities for tumour/cancer susceptibility genes that could affect life-expectancy (37.4% of cases), or for genetically-revealed syndromic POI (8.5% of cases), ii) predict residual ovarian reserve (60.5% of cases). Genetic diagnosis could help to identify patients who may benefit from the promising in vitro activation-IVA technique in the near future, greatly improving its success in treating infertility.Funding Universite? Paris Saclay, Agence Nationale de Biome?decine.Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Peer reviewe
Usages coloniaux des reprĂ©sentations raciales : lâexemple de la politique scolaire
« Nos ancĂȘtres les Gaulois... », leçon qui aurait Ă©tĂ© dispensĂ©e sur les bancs de toutes les Ă©coles des colonies françaises, est une lĂ©gende qui a la vie dure. Le principe qui guida la politique scolaire indigĂšne ne fut pas, en effet, dâimposer les programmes de la mĂ©tropole mais au contraire de les adapter aux capacitĂ©s et aux mentalitĂ©s des populations concernĂ©es. Ce principe aboutit Ă la mise en place dâune Ă©cole duale, une Ă©cole destinĂ©e aux enfants des colons, identique sinon proche de ce..
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