Versatile poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)-layered nanocomposites for removal of cesium in water purification

In this work, we elucidate polymer-layered hollow Prussian blue-coated magnetic nanocomposites as an adsorbent to remove radioactive cesium from environmentally contaminated water. To do this, Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared using a coprecipitation method were thickly covered with a layer of cationic polymer to attach hollow Prussian blue through a self-assembly process. The as-synthesized adsorbent was confirmed through various analytical techniques. The adsorbent showed a high surface area (166.16 m2/g) with an excellent cesium adsorbent capacity and removal efficiency of 32.8 mg/g and 99.69%, respectively. Moreover, the superparamagnetism allows effective recovery of the adsorbent using an external magnetic field after the adsorption process. Therefore, the magnetic adsorbent with a high adsorption efficiency and convenient recovery is expected to be effectively used for rapid remediation of radioactive contamination

Nitrogen doped graphene supported Pt-Pd nanoparticle modified GC electrode for electrochemical determination of tramadol and paracetamol

63-68The role of functionalized nitrogen doped graphene (NGp) using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as modified electrode has been discussed. Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles have been anchored on PDDA-NGp to form PtPd-PDDA-NGp nanocomposites, which are characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The simultaneous determination of paracetamol and tramadol has been carried out using the nitrogen doped graphene supported Pt-Pd nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in 0.1 M Britton-Robinson buffer solution (pH 5.0). Two well-defined voltammetric peaks are obtained in square wave voltammogram measurements. It has been observed that the modified electrode can detect a wide linear range of concentrations of paracetamol from 5×10-6 to 1×10-4 M, and tramadol from 1.2×10-5 to 2.4×10-4 M. The limit of detection was found to be 1.8×10-7 and 5.7×10-6 M for paracetamol and tramadol, respectively (S/N = 3)

Phytogenic fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity

Several metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been found to be toxic and are known to exert adverse health outcomes with irreversible side effects. This highlights the need to discover effective, stable, and biocompatible therapeutic components using natural sources. Here, a hexane extract of Nigella sativa seeds was used to synthesize iron oxide NPs (NS-IONPs) embedded with N. sativa phytoconstituents. The extract acted as a reducing agent that restricted the size of the NS-IONPs to 5–6 nm, signifying the potential to be cleared through the renal system. The fabricated NS-IONPs had a prominent effect on pathogenic gram-negative bacteria, E. coli (19.3 mm) and Salmonella typhi (14.2 mm) and lung cancer cells (lowest IC50 of 18.75 µg/mL) mainly by binding to the phospholipid components of the cell membrane. This resulted in cell shrinkage and further inhibited cell growth. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the mechanisms of cellular NP uptake varied depending on the cell type. Accumulation of NS-IONPs inside the cell increased BAX expression and arrested the cells at the G0/G1 phase, thereby conspicuously extending the G0 phase to initiate necrosis. Thus, these finding suggest that the synthesized NS-IONPs exhibited high antibacterial activity and effective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines A549 and HCT116 compared to IONPs. The innovation of the current study is that the biogenic fabrication of IONPs is simple and cost effective results in stable nanomaterial, NS-IONPs with potential antibacterial and anticancer activity, which can be explored furthermore for various biomedical applications

Graphene oxide functionalized with chitosan based nanoparticles as a carrier of siRNA in regulating Bcl-2 expression on Saos-2 & MG-63 cancer cells and its inflammatory response on bone marrow derived cells from mice

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Graphene oxide functionalized with chitosan based nanoparticles as a carrier of siRNA in regulating Bcl-2 expression on Saos-2 & MG-63 cancer cells and its inflammatory response on bone marrow derived cells from mice

Presently, quite a lot of research that are being carried out to find a potential cure for cancer and many had made to clinical trial stage as well. In the present study, we focus on use of a novel graphene oxide functionalized chitosan nanoparticle targeting Saos-2 and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. The graphene oxide chitosan nanoparticles were loaded with siRNA, studied for in vitro release with varying concentration & pH, and fitted to peppas model. MTT & ROS assay was used to evaluate biocompatibility of carrier and qPCR to study the inflammatory responses in particular checking gene expression of IL-6, TGF-ß, TNF-α in both RAW 264.7 and bone marrow derived macrophages. The results of study showed that release of siRNA were in a controlled fashion and effective at acidic pH that prevails on tumor site. The material was biocompatible and effective in case of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells with a viability of 0.4±0.43 and 0.49±0.53 in case of MG-63 cells when treated with highest concentration of 100µl siRNA compared to untreated cells that were in range of 0.64±0.67 in Saos-2 and 0.61±0.63 in MG-63 cells. The results of expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TGF-β & TNF-α showed negligible amount compared to control group serving the purpose of an effective carrier targeting tumor cells

Porous 3D Prussian blue/cellulose aerogel as a decorporation agent for removal of ingested cesium from the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract In the present study, we successfully synthesized a porous three-dimensional Prussian blue-cellulose aerogel (PB-CA) composite and used it as a decorporation agent for the selective removal of ingested cesium ions (Cs+) from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The safety of the PB-CA composite was evaluated through an in vitro cytotoxicity study using macrophage-like THP-1 cells and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. The results revealed that the PB-CA composite was not cytotoxic. An adsorption study to examine the efficiency of the decorporation agent was conducted using a simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The adsorption isotherm was fitted to the Langmuir model with a maximum Cs+ adsorption capacity of 13.70 mg/g in SIF that followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The PB-CA composite showed excellent stability in SIF with a maximum Cs+ removal efficiency of 99.43%. The promising safety toxicology profile, remarkable Cs+ adsorption efficacy, and excellent stability of the composite demonstrated its great potential for use as an orally administered drug for the decorporation of Cs+ from the GI tract