Tactical Planning in Space Game using Goal-Oriented Action Planning

Along with improvement of modern electronic games, necessity of an intelligent agent that easily build is needed. One of electronic games that need good intelligent agent is real-time tactics. In this game type, good action planning is necessary to provide best experience to the player. On this paper, we try to find out whether if Goal-Oriented Action Planning (GOAP) is robust enough to be used at tactical game. By using GOAP, tactic dynamism still can be provided with reasonable amount of runtime

Strategi Adaptif Kelompok di Permainan Taktik Menggunakan Goal-Oriented Action Planning

Meningkatnya kompleksitas permainan elektronik modern seirama dengan peningkatan kebutuhan akan agen cerdas yang dapat dibangun dengan mudah. Salah satu permainan elektronik yang membutuhkan agen cerdas tersebut adalah permainan real-time tactics (RTT). Dalam tipe permainan ini perencanaan aksi yang baik dapat membuat permainan yang menantang bagi pemain. Penelitian ini mengekplorasi kemungkinan penggunaan dari (GOAP) pada sebuah permainan RTT. Dengan menggunakan GOAP, dinamisme taktik dapat dibentuk dengan waktu penggunaan yang tidak terasa berat dalam permainan. ================================================================================================================ Along with improvement of modern electronic games, necessity of an intelligent agent that easily build is needed. One of electronic games that need good intelligent agent is realtime tactics. In this game type, good action planning is necessary to provide best experience to the player. We explore usage possibility of Goal-Oriented Action Planning (GOAP) in tactical game. Using GOAP, tactic dinamism can be provided with reasonable amount of runtime

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERDATA TERHADAP KERUGIAN IMMATERIIL KORBAN PERKOSAAN DISERTAI KEHAMILAN

Perempuan sering menjadi korban kriminalitas karena dianggap makhluk yang lemah, dan mudah diperdaya oleh kaum laki-laki. Perempuan masih dianggap sebagai kaum yang lemah dan kerap kali diremehkan, sehingga mereka menjadi sasaran bagi para pelaku aksi kekerasan dan kejahatan. Banyak dari perempuan yang tidak mengerti cara melakukan perlawanan pada saat peristiwa yang tidak diinginkan menimpa mereka. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Tindak pidana perkosaan merupakan kasus yang kasuistis, maksudnya tindak pidana perkosaan hanya dapat dibuktikan dengan alat bukti dan barang bukti bahwa tindak pidana tersebut telah terjadi. Dalam membuktikan telah terjadi atau belumnya tindak pidana perkosaan sering mengalami kesulitan. Kesulitan yang dimaksud dalam hal ini yaitu tidak terdapatnya saksi yang melihat langsung kejadian kecuali saksi korban dan terdakwa saja, serta terdakwa tidak mau mengakui bahwa kejadian tersebut tidak ia lakukan atau terdakwa selalu berkelik bahwa perbuatan tersebut dilakukan atas dasar suka-sama suka. Dalam hal ini hakim akan sangat sulit untuk membuktikan dan memutus perkara tersebut. Adanya pembatasan sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 100 ayat (2) KUHAP perlindungan kepada korban melalui ketentuan Pasal 99 ayat (1) KUHAP ternyata relatif kurang sempurna dan memadai. Berdasarkan ketentuan itu apabila terjadi penggabungan gugatan ganti kerugian, untuk memeriksanya harus bermuara pada hukum acara perdata terlebih lagi khususnya kewenangan bersifat absolut yang harus diajukan kepada pengadilan negeri dimana tergugat bertempat tinggal. Jika terdakwa yang diadili perkaranya disidangkan di wilayah tempat tinggal atau tempat kediamannya, tentu pengadilan negeri tersebut tidak memeriksa dan mengadilinya karena salah satu asas dalam hukum pidana menyatakan bahwa terdakwa akan diadili ditempat perbuatan tersebut dilakukan. Pertanggungjawaban perdata terhadap kerugian immateriil korban perkosaan disertai kehamilan dengan penggabungan gugatan ganti rugi menyederhanakan proses perkara perdata yang timbul dari tindak pidana. Perkara pidana yang hanya terdapat kerugian materiil didalamnya dapat digabungkan dengan perkara perdata berupa kerugian immateriil bagi korban perkosaan yang disertai dengan kehamilan. Diperlukan bentuk pertanggungjawaban terhadap hukum materiil dengan mengubah Pasal 285 sampai dengan 287 KUHP yang lebih beroientasi terhadap kerugian materiil korban tindak pidana pemerkosaan. Kata Kunci : Kerugian, Perkosaa

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MINAT TOKO MENGGUNAKAN E-MARKET PLACE BUILDING MATERIAL UNTUK PENJUALAN BERBASIS APLIKASI

This research has the basic purpose of finding the impact of Building Material Store Characteristics, Environmental Competitiveness and Promotion or support from Decision Maker to the interest/willingness of using E-Marketplace Building Material Semen Indonesia that defined as purchase intention in partially This research is a quantitative research. Data collection techniques used in this study is a questionnaire method with a likert scale of 1-7. The data analysis used is descriptive statistical data analysis method and to know what factors influence the interest/willingness of Store Owner in using E-Marketplace Building Material Semen Indonesia used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Building Material Store Characteristics, Environmental Competitiveness and Support from Decision Maker influence the interest/willingness of using E-Marketplace Building Material PT. Semen Indonesia that defined as purchase intention partially

Phylodynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Circulating in Indonesian Poultry

After its first detection in 1996, the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5Nx) virus has spread extensively worldwide. HPAIv A(H5N1) was first detected in Indonesia in 2003 and has been endemic in poultry in this country ever since. However, Indonesia has limited information related to the phylodynamics of HPAIv A(H5N1) in poultry. The present study aimed to increase the understanding of the evolution and temporal dynamics of HPAIv H5N1 in Indonesian poultry between 2003 and 2016. To this end, HPAIv A(H5N1) hemagglutinin sequences of viruses collected from 2003 to 2016 were analyzed using Bayesian evolutionary analysis sampling trees. Results indicated that the common ancestor of Indonesian poultry HPAIv H5N1 arose approximately five years after the common ancestor worldwide of HPAI A(H5Nx). In addition, this study indicated that only two introductions of HPAIv A(H5N1) occurred, after which these viruses continued to evolve due to extensive spread among poultry. Furthermore, this study revealed the divergence of H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c from H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1b. Both clades 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.2.1b share a common ancestor, clade 1, suggesting that clade 2.3.2.1 originated and diverged from China and other Asian countries. Since there was limited sequence and surveillance data for the HPAIv A(H5N1) from wild birds in Indonesia, the exact role of wild birds in the spread of HPAIv in Indonesia is currently unknown. The evolutionary dynamics of the Indonesian HPAIv A(H5N1) highlight the importance of continuing and improved genomic surveillance and adequate control measures in the different regions of both the poultry and wild birds. Spatial genomic surveillance is useful to take adequate control measures. Therefore, it will help to prevent the future evolution of HPAI A(H5N1) and pandemic threats

Role of CD14+ monocyte-derived oxidised mitochondrial DNA in the inflammatory interferon type 1 signature in juvenile dermatomyositis

OBJECTIVES: To define the host mechanisms contributing to the pathological interferon (IFN) type 1 signature in Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). METHODS: RNA-sequencing was performed on CD4+, CD8+, CD14+ and CD19+ cells sorted from pretreatment and on-treatment JDM (pretreatment n=10, on-treatment n=11) and age/sex-matched child healthy-control (CHC n=4) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Mitochondrial morphology and superoxide were assessed by fluorescence microscopy, cellular metabolism by 13C glucose uptake assays, and oxidised mitochondrial DNA (oxmtDNA) content by dot-blot. Healthy-control PBMC and JDM pretreatment PBMC were cultured with IFN-α, oxmtDNA, cGAS-inhibitor, TLR-9 antagonist and/or n-acetyl cysteine (NAC). IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) expression was measured by qPCR. Total numbers of patient and controls for functional experiments, JDM n=82, total CHC n=35. RESULTS: Dysregulated mitochondrial-associated gene expression correlated with increased ISG expression in JDM CD14+ monocytes. Altered mitochondrial-associated gene expression was paralleled by altered mitochondrial biology, including 'megamitochondria', cellular metabolism and a decrease in gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)1. This was associated with enhanced production of oxidised mitochondrial (oxmt)DNA. OxmtDNA induced ISG expression in healthy PBMC, which was blocked by targeting oxidative stress and intracellular nucleic acid sensing pathways. Complementary experiments showed that, under in vitro experimental conditions, targeting these pathways via the antioxidant drug NAC, TLR9 antagonist and to a lesser extent cGAS-inhibitor, suppressed ISG expression in pretreatment JDM PBMC. CONCLUSIONS: These results describe a novel pathway where altered mitochondrial biology in JDM CD14+ monocytes lead to oxmtDNA production and stimulates ISG expression. Targeting this pathway has therapeutical potential in JDM and other IFN type 1-driven autoimmune diseases

A Comparison of Ten Polygenic Score Methods for Psychiatric Disorders Applied Across Multiple Cohorts

Background: Polygenic scores (PGSs), which assess the genetic risk of individuals for a disease, are calculated as a weighted count of risk alleles identified in genome-wide association studies. PGS methods differ in which DNA variants are included and the weights assigned to them; some require an independent tuning sample to help inform these choices. PGSs are evaluated in independent target cohorts with known disease status. Variability between target cohorts is observed in applications to real data sets, which could reflect a number of factors, e.g., phenotype definition or technical factors. / Methods: The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Working Groups for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder bring together many independently collected case-control cohorts. We used these resources (31,328 schizophrenia cases, 41,191 controls; 248,750 major depressive disorder cases, 563,184 controls) in repeated application of leave-one-cohort-out meta-analyses, each used to calculate and evaluate PGS in the left-out (target) cohort. Ten PGS methods (the baseline PC+T method and 9 methods that model genetic architecture more formally: SBLUP, LDpred2-Inf, LDpred-funct, LDpred2, Lassosum, PRS-CS, PRS-CS-auto, SBayesR, MegaPRS) were compared. / Results: Compared with PC+T, the other 9 methods gave higher prediction statistics, MegaPRS, LDPred2, and SBayesR significantly so, explaining up to 9.2% variance in liability for schizophrenia across 30 target cohorts, an increase of 44%. For major depressive disorder across 26 target cohorts, these statistics were 3.5% and 59%, respectively. / Conclusions: Although the methods that more formally model genetic architecture have similar performance, MegaPRS, LDpred2, and SBayesR rank highest in most comparisons and are recommended in applications to psychiatric disorders

Functional characterisation of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk locus GPX3/TNIP1

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex, late-onset, neurodegenerative disease with a genetic contribution to disease liability. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ten risk loci to date, including the TNIP1/GPX3 locus on chromosome five. Given association analysis data alone cannot determine the most plausible risk gene for this locus, we undertook a comprehensive suite of in silico, in vivo and in vitro studies to address this. // Methods: The Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) pipeline and five tools (conditional and joint analysis (GCTA-COJO), Stratified Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (S-LDSC), Polygenic Priority Scoring (PoPS), Summary-based Mendelian Randomisation (SMR-HEIDI) and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analyses) were used to perform bioinformatic integration of GWAS data (Ncases = 20,806, Ncontrols = 59,804) with ‘omics reference datasets including the blood (eQTLgen consortium N = 31,684) and brain (N = 2581). This was followed up by specific expression studies in ALS case-control cohorts (microarray Ntotal = 942, protein Ntotal = 300) and gene knockdown (KD) studies of human neuronal iPSC cells and zebrafish-morpholinos (MO). // Results: SMR analyses implicated both TNIP1 and GPX3 (p < 1.15 × 10−6), but there was no simple SNP/expression relationship. Integrating multiple datasets using PoPS supported GPX3 but not TNIP1. In vivo expression analyses from blood in ALS cases identified that lower GPX3 expression correlated with a more progressed disease (ALS functional rating score, p = 5.5 × 10−3, adjusted R2 = 0.042, Beffect = 27.4 ± 13.3 ng/ml/ALSFRS unit) with microarray and protein data suggesting lower expression with risk allele (recessive model p = 0.06, p = 0.02 respectively). Validation in vivo indicated gpx3 KD caused significant motor deficits in zebrafish-MO (mean difference vs. control ± 95% CI, vs. control, swim distance = 112 ± 28 mm, time = 1.29 ± 0.59 s, speed = 32.0 ± 2.53 mm/s, respectively, p for all < 0.0001), which were rescued with gpx3 expression, with no phenotype identified with tnip1 KD or gpx3 overexpression. // Conclusions: These results support GPX3 as a lead ALS risk gene in this locus, with more data needed to confirm/reject a role for TNIP1. This has implications for understanding disease mechanisms (GPX3 acts in the same pathway as SOD1, a well-established ALS-associated gene) and identifying new therapeutic approaches. Few previous examples of in-depth investigations of risk loci in ALS exist and a similar approach could be applied to investigate future expected GWAS findings

Genome-wide Meta-analysis Finds the ACSL5-ZDHHC6 Locus Is Associated with ALS and Links Weight Loss to the Disease Genetics

We meta-analyze amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European and Chinese populations (84,694 individuals). We find an additional significant association between rs58854276 spanning ACSL5-ZDHHC6 with ALS (p = 8.3 × 10−9), with replication in an independent Australian cohort (1,502 individuals; p = 0.037). Moreover, B4GALNT1, G2E3-SCFD1, and TRIP11-ATXN3 are identified using a gene-based analysis. ACSL5 has been associated with rapid weight loss, as has another ALS-associated gene, GPX3. Weight loss is frequent in ALS patients and is associated with shorter survival. We investigate the effect of the ACSL5 and GPX3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using longitudinal body composition and weight data of 77 patients and 77 controls. In patients’ fat-free mass, although not significant, we observe an effect in the expected direction (rs58854276: −2.1 ± 1.3 kg/A allele, p = 0.053; rs3828599: −1.0 ± 1.3 kg/A allele, p = 0.22). No effect was observed in controls. Our findings support the increasing interest in lipid metabolism in ALS and link the disease genetics to weight loss in patients

Functional characterisation of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk locus GPX3/TNIP1

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex, late-onset, neurodegenerative disease with a genetic contribution to disease liability. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ten risk loci to date, including the TNIP1/GPX3 locus on chromosome five. Given association analysis data alone cannot determine the most plausible risk gene for this locus, we undertook a comprehensive suite of in silico, in vivo and in vitro studies to address this. Methods The Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) pipeline and five tools (conditional and joint analysis (GCTA-COJO), Stratified Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (S-LDSC), Polygenic Priority Scoring (PoPS), Summary-based Mendelian Randomisation (SMR-HEIDI) and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analyses) were used to perform bioinformatic integration of GWAS data (Ncases = 20,806, Ncontrols = 59,804) with ‘omics reference datasets including the blood (eQTLgen consortium N = 31,684) and brain (N = 2581). This was followed up by specific expression studies in ALS case-control cohorts (microarray Ntotal = 942, protein Ntotal = 300) and gene knockdown (KD) studies of human neuronal iPSC cells and zebrafish-morpholinos (MO). Results SMR analyses implicated both TNIP1 and GPX3 (p < 1.15 × 10−6), but there was no simple SNP/expression relationship. Integrating multiple datasets using PoPS supported GPX3 but not TNIP1. In vivo expression analyses from blood in ALS cases identified that lower GPX3 expression correlated with a more progressed disease (ALS functional rating score, p = 5.5 × 10−3, adjusted R2 = 0.042, Beffect = 27.4 ± 13.3 ng/ml/ALSFRS unit) with microarray and protein data suggesting lower expression with risk allele (recessive model p = 0.06, p = 0.02 respectively). Validation in vivo indicated gpx3 KD caused significant motor deficits in zebrafish-MO (mean difference vs. control ± 95% CI, vs. control, swim distance = 112 ± 28 mm, time = 1.29 ± 0.59 s, speed = 32.0 ± 2.53 mm/s, respectively, p for all < 0.0001), which were rescued with gpx3 expression, with no phenotype identified with tnip1 KD or gpx3 overexpression. Conclusions These results support GPX3 as a lead ALS risk gene in this locus, with more data needed to confirm/reject a role for TNIP1. This has implications for understanding disease mechanisms (GPX3 acts in the same pathway as SOD1, a well-established ALS-associated gene) and identifying new therapeutic approaches. Few previous examples of in-depth investigations of risk loci in ALS exist and a similar approach could be applied to investigate future expected GWAS findings