2021 roadmap for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract: Increasing concerns regarding the sustainability of lithium sources, due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase, have raised awareness of the importance of developing alternative energy-storage candidates that can sustain the ever-growing energy demand. Furthermore, limitations on the availability of the transition metals used in the manufacturing of cathode materials, together with questionable mining practices, are driving development towards more sustainable elements. Given the uniformly high abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium, as well as its very suitable redox potential (close to that of lithium), sodium-ion battery technology offers tremendous potential to be a counterpart to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different application scenarios, such as stationary energy storage and low-cost vehicles. This potential is reflected by the major investments that are being made by industry in a wide variety of markets and in diverse material combinations. Despite the associated advantages of being a drop-in replacement for LIBs, there are remarkable differences in the physicochemical properties between sodium and lithium that give rise to different behaviours, for example, different coordination preferences in compounds, desolvation energies, or solubility of the solid–electrolyte interphase inorganic salt components. This demands a more detailed study of the underlying physical and chemical processes occurring in sodium-ion batteries and allows great scope for groundbreaking advances in the field, from lab-scale to scale-up. This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in academia and industry of the current state of the art in 2021 and the different research directions and strategies currently underway to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges and opportunities, from the fundamental properties to the practical applications of this technology

Parallel solution phase synthesis of 2-alkylthio-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one by one-pot three component domino reaction.

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Chapter 6. Perspectives in Lithium Batteries

International audienceLi-ion batteries still fall short of fulfilling the ever-increasing storage needs while keeping their environmental footprint as low as possible. In this chapter, without being exhaustive we tackle what next promising Li-based battery technologies could be; through the implementation of alternative (electro)chemistries including the use of more abundant components and/or less polluting processing solutions. Li-chalcogen (O2 and S) batteries are presented herein as quite promising systems especially for the market of electrically powered vehicles thanks to particularly high (expected) energy density values. Li-aqueous batteries, beyond the obvious environmental benefit in using water-based electrolytes, offer also some attractive perspectives to promote low-cost electrical storage solutions, potentially interesting for stationary applications. Finally, electroactive organic compounds could play an important role in the forthcoming battery technologies, since they exhibit several assets such as the possibility of being prepared from renewable resources and eco-friendly processes coupled with a simplified recycling management

Evaluation of polyketones with N-cyclic structure as electrode material for electrochemical energy storage: case of pyromellitic diimide dilithium salt

International audiencePyromellitic diimide dilithium salt was selected to complete our database on redox-active polyketones with a N-cyclic structure. Although never reported to date, such a lithiated salt was readily synthesized making its electrochemical evaluation in a Li battery possible. Preliminary data show that this novel material reversibly inserts two Li per formula unit at a relatively low potential giving a stable capacity value of 200 mAh/g

Sustainable Materials for Sustainable Energy Storage : Organic Na Electrodes

In this review, we summarize research efforts to realize Na-based organic materials for novel battery chemistries. Na is a more abundant element than Li, thereby contributing to less costly materials with limited to no geopolitical constraints while organic electrode materials harvested from biomass resources provide the possibility of achieving renewable battery components with low environmental impact during processing and recycling. Together, this can form the basis for truly sustainable electrochemical energy storage. We explore the efforts made on electrode materials of organic salts, primarily carbonyl compounds but also Schiff bases, unsaturated compounds, nitroxides and polymers. Moreover, sodiated carbonaceous materials derived from biomasses and waste products are surveyed. As a conclusion to the review, some shortcomings of the currently investigated materials are highlighted together with the major limitations for future development in this field. Finally, routes to move forward in this direction are suggested

Solutions pour un stockage électrochimique innovant et éco-responsable : les molécules et matériaux organiques redox

International audienceAlors que le monde évolue vers une mobilité électrique accrue et la production d’électricité décarbonée, nous assistons également à une explosion du marché des équipements électroniques et des technologies digitales. En conséquence, la demande en batteries – en particulier de type Li-ion – s’intensifie et des questionnements apparaissent quant à leurs impacts au plan environnemental et à l’accessibilité des ressources. De fait, promouvoir des solutions de stockage électrochimique à base de composés organiques redox peut offrir certaines alterna-tives. Dans cet article, un aperçu des multiples configurations de cellules « organiques » accessibles est rapporté, couplé à une sélection de systèmes d’électrodes organiques fonctionnant à l’état solide ou en solution pour des électrolytes aqueux ou non