The survey of family history of diabetes in patients with type 2 diabetes in Chaharmahal va Bakhteyari province, Iran, 2008

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: دیابت از گروه بیماری های متابولیک و یک اختلال چند عاملی است که با افزایش مزمن قند خون مشخص می شود. از آنجایی که در زمینه اپیدمیولوژی ژنتیک دیابت نوع 2 در کشور ما، مطالعات اندکی انجام شده و هنوز بطور قطعی مشخص نیست که توارث دیابت نوع 2 بیشتر از طرف کدام یک از والدین (پدر یا مادر) به فرزندان منتقل می شود، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی زمینه ژنتیکی بیماران دیابتی نوع 2 استان چهارمحال و بختیاری طراحی و اجرا گردید. روش بررسی: این بررسی یک مطالعه اپیدمیولوژیک از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است که جامعه پژوهش آن افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری در سال 1387 بود. تعداد 254 نفر به روش تصادفی دو مرحله ای انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. داده ها بوسیله مصاحبه و با تکمیل فرمی، جمع آوری و با نرم افزار STATA9 و آزمون مجذور کا مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: از254 نفر بررسی شده 150 نفر (59) مونث و 104 نفر(41) مذکر بودند. متوسط سن آنها 6/8±8/54 سال و متوسط مدت زمان ابتلا به دیابت در آنها 8/5±4/7 سال بود. 116 نفر (7/45) از آنها دارای سابقه خانوادگی مثبت دیابت بودند که از این میان، 4/61 مادر دیابتی، 8/19 پدر دیابتی، 9/62 خواهر دیابتی، 1/18 برادر دیابتی، 5/40 دختر دیابتی و 1/18 پسر دیابتی داشتند. سابقه خانوادگی دیابت در مادر بیشتر از پدر، در خواهر بیشتر از برادر و در دختران بیشتر از پسران بود (001/0>P). نتیجه گیری: نسبت شانس ابتلا به دیابت برای کسانی که سابقه خانوادگی مثبت دیابت در مادر دارند بیشتر و مهم تر از پدر بوده و می توان اظهار نمود که به احتمال قوی، توارث دیابت نوع 2 بیشتر از طریق مادر به فرزندان منتقل می شود.

Study of Photocatalytic Behavior of Photochemical Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles with In-V Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods

Indium- vanadium doped with different molar percent (0.05-1%) was prepared by photochemical reduction method on pure TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol –gel and hydrothermal process. XRD, FT-IR, TEM, SEM and EDX analysis were done for characterized nanoparticles and methyl orange (MO) was used as an environmental pollutant to verify photocatalytic effect of synthesized particles under visible and UV lamps. Result of tests was showed that In-V doping restrain from crystal growth, that only hydrothermal TiO2 particles with binary doped 0.2% molar of In-V can improve photocatalytic activity compared to solgel nanoparticles. Pure TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal and sol-gel processes were calcined at 300,400,450,550 ºC for 3h and 500º C for 2h, respectively. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3528

Unusual sites of bone involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a systematic review of the literature

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that originates from the uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of bone marrow-derived immature myeloid dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are a type of histiocyte that play an important role in the human immune system and are found in the bone, skin, stomach, eyes, intestines, and lungs. Objective: This systematic review aimed to collect and report published case reports of rare bone disease caused by LCH to avoid misdiagnoses or delays in diagnosis. Methods: We systematically searched Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Sciences from August 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019. Studies reporting cases of LCH with rare bone involvement were included. Results: We identified 60 articles including 64 cases. Of the identified cases, 31 (48.4) involved children, and 33 (51.6) involved adults. Additionally, 46.9 (30 individuals) were from Asian countries. The mean age of the children was 7.6 ± 4.3 years and that of the adults was 36 ± 12 years. The findings indicated that unifocal bone involvements were the most prevalent form of the disease (68.7), and, overall, the skull and chest wall were the most commonly affected bones in both adults and children. The spine and long bones were the second most commonly affected bones in children, and the spine and jaw were the second most commonly affected bones in adults. Pain and swelling were the most frequent presenting signs among the investigated cases, and loss of consciousness, myelopathy, nerve palsy, visual loss, torticollis and clicking sounds were rare signs. Osteolytic lesions were the most frequent radiologic feature (62.5), and intracranial hemorrhage, fluid�fluid level, dura and intracranial extension and pathologic fractures were rare radiological features. Total excision, curettage and observation in the unifocal group of patients and systemic chemotherapy in the other groups (i.e., multifocal and multisystem) were the most frequent management approaches. The recovery rates of the unifocal and multifocal groups were 77.3 and 81.8, respectively, while that of the multisystem group was 55.5. The rates of recurrence and mortality in the multisystem group were 11 and were higher than those in the other groups. Conclusions: LCH is a rare disease that can affect any organ in the human body. However, bone is the most commonly involved organ, and rare bone involvements may be the first or only symptom of the disease due to the rarity of such lesions; a lack of familiarity with them may result in misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. © 2021, The Author(s)

Pelvic floor dysfunction and polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction (PFMD) in patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); to test PFMD in women with different PCOS phenotypes. Methods: This was a case-control study of 202 women who were recruited in an infertility clinic in Hormozgan, Iran: PCOS (n=103) and control groups who were healthy women whose husbands were diagnosed with male infertility (n=99). According to the presence or absence of menstrual dysfunction (M), hyperandrogenism (HA) and polycystic ovaries on ultrasonoghraphy (PCO), patients with PCOS were divided into three phenotypes: HA+PCO, M+PCO and M+HA+PCO. PFMD was assessed by the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20. Results: The reported PFMD symptoms were higher in PCOS (P=0.05) than the non-PCOS group. The mean PFDI score in the HA+M+PCO was higher compared to other phenotypes, although the difference did not reach significance level (P>0.05). The mean LH level was higher in HA+M+PCO than the two other phenotypes. There was a significant positive correlation between LH level and PFDI score (P<0.04). Conclusion: The findings suggest that a high level of LH may cause PFMD. Further studies are needed to determine the precise role of LH levels and potential treatment options in women with PCOS and PFMD. Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome, pelvic floor distress inventory, pelvic floor muscle dysfunctio

Environmental performance assessment of the transport sector in the european union

The European Union (EU) has been promoting diverse initiatives towards sustainable development and environment protection. One of these initiatives is the reduction of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 60% below their 1990 level, by 2050. As the transport sector is responsible for more than 22% of those emissions some strategies need to be taken towards a more sustainable mobility, as the ones proposed in 2011 White Paper on transport. Under this context, this study aims to evaluate the environmental performance of the transport sector in the 28 EU countries towards these goals, from 2015 to 2017. The transport environmental performance is measured through the composite indicator derived from the Benefit of the Doubt (BoD) model. The country transport environmental performance is assessed through the aggregation of multiple sub-indicators using the composite indicator derived from the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The results indicate that the EU countries slightly improved their transport environmental performance, on average 2.8%. The areas where the inefficient countries need more improvement were also identified: reducing the GHG emissions from fossil fuels, increasing the share of transport energy from renewable sources and improving the public transport share of the total passenger transport.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Utilizing a health-promotion model to predict self-care adherence in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty in Bushehr, Iran

Background: Self-care refers to the conscious actions and behaviors that patients engage in to maintain and promote their own health and to the decisions that they make about managing signs or symptoms. Despite the importance of self-care in improving the health status of patients with cardiovascular disease, such as those undergoing angioplasty, these patients do not implement self-care optimally. This study aimed to identify factors affecting self-care behaviors in cardiac patients undergoing angioplasty based on a health-promotion model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 cardiovascular patients undergoing angioplasty referred to the Bushehr Health Center. Health-promotion-model constructs and self-care behaviors were assessed by a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Stepwise regression revealed that three variables – perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and social support – were significant predictors of self-care behaviors among patients undergoing angioplasty. These factors accounted for 43.1% (R2 =0.431) of variance in self-care. Among the health-promotion-model constructs, self-efficacy (β =0.237, P<0.001) was the strongest predictor of self-care behaviors, followed by perceived barriers (β =-0.195, P<0.001) and perceived social support (β =0.13, P<0.001). Perceived benefits did not significantly predict self-care behaviors. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is suggested that designing and implementing training programs to improve self-efficacy and perceived social support of cardiovascular patients and also decreasing barriers to self-care may improve self-care behaviors among patients undergoing angioplasty

Neuropharmacological Potential of Diterpenoid Alkaloids

This study provides a narrative review of diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs), a family of extremely important natural products found predominantly in some species of Aconitum and Delphinium (Ranunculaceae). DAs have long been a focus of research attention due to their numerous intricate structures and diverse biological activities, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). These alkaloids originate through the amination reaction of tetra or pentacyclic diterpenoids, which are classified into three categories and 46 types based on the number of carbon atoms in the backbone structure and structural differences. The main chemical characteristics of DAs are their heterocyclic systems containing β-aminoethanol, methylamine, or ethylamine functionality. Although the role of tertiary nitrogen in ring A and the polycyclic complex structure are of great importance in drug-receptor affinity, in silico studies have emphasized the role of certain sidechains in C13, C14, and C8. DAs showed antiepileptic effects in preclinical studies mostly through Na+ channels. Aconitine (1) and 3-acetyl aconitine (2) can desensitize Na+ channels after persistent activation. Lappaconitine (3), N-deacetyllapaconitine (4), 6-benzoylheteratisine (5), and 1-benzoylnapelline (6) deactivate these channels. Methyllycaconitine (16), mainly found in Delphinium species, possesses an extreme affinity for the binding sites of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and contributes to a wide range of neurologic functions and the release of neurotransmitters. Several DAs such as bulleyaconitine A (17), (3), and mesaconitine (8) from Aconitum species have a drastic analgesic effect. Among them, compound 17 has been used in China for decades. Their effect is explained by increasing the release of dynorphin A, activating the inhibitory noradrenergic neurons in the β-adrenergic system, and preventing the transmission of pain messages by inactivating the Na+ channels that have been stressed. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, neuroprotective, antidepressant, and anxiolytic activities are other CNS effects that have been investigated for certain DAs. However, despite various CNS effects, recent advances in developing new drugs from DAs were insignificant due to their neurotoxicity

On the Recognition of Fan-Planar and Maximal Outer-Fan-Planar Graphs

Fan-planar graphs were recently introduced as a generalization of 1-planar graphs. A graph is fan-planar if it can be embedded in the plane, such that each edge that is crossed more than once, is crossed by a bundle of two or more edges incident to a common vertex. A graph is outer-fan-planar if it has a fan-planar embedding in which every vertex is on the outer face. If, in addition, the insertion of an edge destroys its outer-fan-planarity, then it is maximal outer-fan-planar. In this paper, we present a polynomial-time algorithm to test whether a given graph is maximal outer-fan-planar. The algorithm can also be employed to produce an outer-fan-planar embedding, if one exists. On the negative side, we show that testing fan-planarity of a graph is NP-hard, for the case where the rotation system (i.e., the cyclic order of the edges around each vertex) is given

Exercise and cognitive function: a hypothesis for the association of type II diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease from an evolutionary perspective

The association of type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has received considerable attention in recent years. In the present paper, a hypothesis for this association from an evolutionary perspective, with emphasis on the close interplay between exercise and cognitive function, will be advanced in order to provide a biological rationale for the notion that the fundamental metabolic features of DM2 act in the brain over a protracted time span to induce the neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease thereby producing cognitive impairment. It is hoped that this hypothesis puts the association of DM2 and AD on firm conceptual grounds from a biological perspective and offers directions for further research

Short-Term Environmental Enrichment Enhances Adult Neurogenesis, Vascular Network and Dendritic Complexity in the Hippocampus of Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Background: Several brain disturbances have been described in association to type 1 diabetes in humans. In animal models, hippocampal pathological changes were reported together with cognitive deficits. The exposure to a variety of environmental stimuli during a certain period of time is able to prevent brain alterations and to improve learning and memory in conditions like stress, aging and neurodegenerative processes. Methodology/Principal Findings: We explored the modulation of hippocampal alterations in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice by environmental enrichment. In diabetic mice housed in standard conditions we found a reduction of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, decreased dendritic complexity in CA1 neurons and a smaller vascular fractional area in the dentate gyrus, compared with control animals in the same housing condition. A short exposure-10 days- to an enriched environment was able to enhance proliferation, survival and dendritic arborization of newborn neurons, to recover dendritic tree length and spine density of pyramidal CA1 neurons and to increase the vascular network of the dentate gyrus in diabetic animals. Conclusions/Significance: The environmental complexity seems to constitute a strong stimulator competent to rescue th