Indium- vanadium doped with different molar percent (0.05-1%) was prepared by photochemical reduction
method on pure TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol –gel and hydrothermal process. XRD, FT-IR,
TEM, SEM and EDX analysis were done for characterized nanoparticles and methyl orange (MO) was used
as an environmental pollutant to verify photocatalytic effect of synthesized particles under visible and UV
lamps. Result of tests was showed that In-V doping restrain from crystal growth, that only hydrothermal
TiO2 particles with binary doped 0.2% molar of In-V can improve photocatalytic activity compared to solgel
nanoparticles. Pure TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal and sol-gel processes were calcined at
300,400,450,550 ºC for 3h and 500º C for 2h, respectively.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3528

Hamadanian Khozani, M.

Hoseinifard, S.

Razi, P.

Reisi-Vanani, A.

Electronic Sumy State University Institutional Repository

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES Vol. 1 No 4, 04NEA08(3pp) (2012)   2304-1862/2012/1(4)04NEA08(3) 04NEA08-1  2012 Sumy State University Study of Photocatalytic Behavior of Photochemical Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles with In-V Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods  M. Hamadanian1,2, A. Reisi-Vanani2, P. Razi2, S. Hoseinifard2  1 Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran 2 Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Iran  (Received 20 June 2012; published online 24 August 2012)  Indium- vanadium doped with different molar percent (0.05-1%) was prepared by photochemical reduc-tion method on pure TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol –gel and hydrothermal process. XRD, FT-IR, TEM, SEM and EDX analysis were done for characterized nanoparticles and methyl orange (MO) was used as an environmental pollutant to verify photocatalytic effect of synthesized particles under visible and UV lamps. Result of tests was showed that In-V doping restrain from crystal growth, that only hydrothermal TiO2 particles with binary doped 0.2% molar of In-V can improve photocatalytic activity compared to sol-gel nanoparticles. Pure TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal and sol-gel processes were calcined at 300,400,450,550 ºC for 3h and 500º C for 2h, respectively.  Keywords: Co-doped TiO2, Sol-Gel, Hydrothermal, Indium, Vanadium.    PACS number: 91.40.Ge    1. INTRODUCTION  Among photocatalytic nanoparticles, Titania is one of the best materials as photocatalyst for electrical and optical properties, low cost, high photocatalytic activity, chemical stability, non toxic and without chemical and corrosion abrasion against light [1-2]. These particles have rutile (B.G.  3.0 eV), anatase (B.G.  3.2 eV) and Brookite phases. Anatase crystals were used in solar cell, optical sensitive paints and optical catalyst [3]. Recombination of hole and electron is one of the im-portant electronic properties in these nanoparticles]. The recombination could occur as thermally assisted detrapping or electron tunneling [4]. This process caused to decrease photo efficiency. A reducer (electron donor) or oxidant (electron acceptor) agents can pre-vention of their recombination to increase photocatalyt-ic activity. Different methods are available for increas-ing area to volume ratio of TiO2 particles to improve photocatalytic effect such as: noble metal doping [5], metal ion doping [6], anion doping [7] and dye sensiti-zation [8]. Among them, doping method applied to im-prove the trapping efficiency of change carriers [9]. Zhang et al [10] prepared V-Sc codoped TiO2 by sol-gel method, S-N codoped TiO2 was synthesized in many paper [11], Zhu et al [12] reported that P/N codoped caused to increase rutile to anatase transfer, Yang et al [13] prepared C/V-TiO2 codoped by sol-gel method and Chen et al [14] prepared V-TiO2 nanoparticles by sol-gel method. In this paper, we used a photochemical reduction method for preparing In-V codoped TiO2 nanoparticles to quantify photocatalyst activity and methyl orange was used as an organic compound for doing photodeg-radation tests.  2. EXPERIMENTAL  2.1 Material and methods  Different materials were used for preparing men-tioned nanoparticles. TTIP [Ti [OCH(CH3)4] (Merck, > 98%), Glacial Acetic Acid (Merck, >99.8%), Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3, Merck), Indium chloride (InCl3, Merck) and dionized water was produced by a Smart-2-Pure type made in TKA company of Germany. Pure TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods according to [15] papers, respectively. Including the hydrothermal particles cal-cined in 300, 400, 450, and 550º C for checking intensi-ty of Brookite phase and photocatalytic activity.  2.2 Preparation of In-V nanoparticles  For preparing In-V particles, first different molar percent (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0%) of ammonium meta-vanadate as vanadium source with regard to molar percent of V to Ti, was added to certain amount of pure TiO2 particles that synthesized by sol-gel and hydro-thermal processes. Then 100 ml of solution was placed under condition N2 atmosphere for 10 min and put it with aluminum paper. After this, it was placed against ultraviolet light with stirring for 15 h in photochemical box equipped with fan to prevent UV leakage, then indium chloride as indium source with the same molar percent (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0%) was added to men-tioned solution and repeat above stages. At the end, the mixture was centrifuged and dried in 100º C for 12 h.  2.3 Characterization  The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra in 0.006-5 nm wavelength of various titania samples were recorded on a Philip X Pert Pro MPD model using Cu Kα radiation as the X-ray source. The pattern was used for checking nanoparticles size and phase analysis. Average particle size was showed by Debye-Scherrer equation. By scan-ning electron microscope (SEM) (Hitachi, S-4160) is obtained 3 dimension pictures from sample structure. FT-IR spectra were recorded on Nicolet Magna IR 550 spectrometer. It was used for checking surface struc-ture of nanoparticles and get to information about sur-round organic layers of metal nanoparticles. Transmis-sion electron microscope (TEM) (Philips, CN 10, HT  M. HAMADANIAN, A. REISI-VANANI, P. RAZI, S. HOSEINIFARD PROC. NAP 1, 04NEA08 (2012)   04NEA08-2 100 KeV) was applied for testing the particle morphol-ogy. Photodegradation of MO was tested by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 2S) against UV and visible light.  2.4 Photocatalytic effect  Mo solution was used as an environmental pollu-tant to evaluate photodegradation activity of synthe-sized nanoparticles. All of decolorization of dye solution tests were done in quart glass when samples were ex-posed to UV and Vis lamps as artificial sunlight. For tests, the mixture containing 100 mg catalyst nanopar-ticles and 100 ml MO solution [40, 41] was aerated for 30min to get on adsorption equilibrium and saturated solution with O2. Then it was placed in photochemical box equipped with a fan with stirring in 40 and 25 cm distance from UV and Vis lamps, respectively. At cer-tain times UV-Vis spectrometer was showed absorption changes [37, 42]. PH for MO solution was adjusted be-tween 2-3 and maximum wavelength is 510 nm [43].  3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION  3.1 X-ray scattering analysis  Figure 1 is a plot of X-ray scattering (XRD) of pure hydrothermal TiO2 particle in different calcinations temperatures. (101), (004), (200), (105), (211), (204), (116) diffraction peaks were proved anatase phase for pure TiO2. A main peak for anatase phase around 2θ= 25.2º (101) has tetragonal form. Another peak around 2θ= 30.8º (121) exhibit brookite phase in this particles. When calcinations temperature was increased, we could decrease intensity and sharpness of the brookite peak in nanoparticles. Also any rutile diffraction peak wasn't in these spectra.     Fig. 1 – X-ray spectra (XRD) of pure hydrothermal TiO2 particles in a)300, b)400, c)450 and d)550º C calcinations temperatures  Figure 2 shows the XRD plan of In-V photochemical doped hydrothermal TiO2 samples. By using Debye-Scherrer equation on anatase (2θ= 25.2, 48.2, 55.2º) we have been calculated the average particle size for pure hydrothermal titania in 300, 400, 450 and 550º C, size of particles are about 8.26, 11.85, 18.75 and 25.2 nm, respectively. Size of 0.2% In-V photochemical codoped on hydrothermal titania is 14.3 nm.    Fig. 2 – XRD plan of a) pure b) 0.1% c) 0.2% d)1% In-V photochemical codoped TiO2 nanoparticles  3.2 SEM and TEM images  Figure 3 shows SEM and TEM images for 0.2% In-V photochemical doped on hydrothermal TiO2 particles with different enlarge. These images exhibited spheri-cal structure and adhesion of the particles. EDX meas-urement also was proved the presence of In and V in this sample. With this images particle size was esti-mated about 11-13 nm and Debye-Scherrer was calcu-lated particle size about 12-15 nm, that TEM micro-graphs has proved this calculation synthesized nano-particles have spherical morphology.    Fig. 3 – SEM and TEM images for 0.2% In-V photochemical doped on hydrothermal TiO2 nanoparticles  STUDY OF PHOTOCATALYTIC BEHAVIOR OF PHOTOCHEMICAL… PROC. NAP 1, 04NEA08 (2012)   04NEA08-3 3.3 Photodegradation effect  Result show In-V binary doped on hydrothermal TiO2 compared to sol-gel TiO2 had the best operation in competition between interfacial change transfer ratios to rate of hole-electron recombination. Figure 4 exhibit in both UV and Vis region, 0.2% In-V codoped on hy-drothermal TiO2 could reduce the recombination rate as electron trapper. Login Indium to V-TiO2 structure prevent from particle growth and In3+ change to In2+ as electron trapper and form lower energy level from con-duction band (CB). In absent the light source, again In2+ ions change to In3+ and atmospheric O2 traps re-leased electron as electron acceptor and produce O2-.    Fig. 4 – Photodegradation activity for In-V photochemical codoped on hydrothermal TiO2 nanoparticles Under a) UV, b) visible lamps  4. CONCLUSION  The metal ion dopants influence the photo efficiency of TiO2 by acting as electron or hole trap center within band gap of TiO2 and alter the e-/h+ pair recombination rate through following process. In this paper, different molar percent of In-V codoped on hydrothermal and sol-gel pure TiO2 by UV photochemical reduction pro-cess that In3+, V3+ deposited on TiO2 surface as In0, V0 and photodegradation activity of the MO can im-prove when 0.2% In-V codoped on hydrothermal TiO2 and reduce recombination rate as electron trapper. In photochemical doped method, metal ions were into holes in TiO2 structure with zero oxidation number, but in other doping methods, cation and anion were substi-tuted at Ti4+ and O2- sites, respectively.  REFERENCES  1. A.N-Enyashin, G. Seifert, phys. stat. sol. 242, 1361 (2005). 2. L. Armelao, D. Barreca, Nanotech. 18, 375709 (2007). 3. X. Xiao, K. Ouyang, R. Liu, J. Liang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 3659 (2009). 4. W.S. Dillmore, M.N. Yousaf, M. Mrksich, Langmuir. 20, 7223 (2004). 5. O. Rosseler, M. Shankar, K-L. DuM, L. Schmidlin, N. Keller, V. Keller, J. Catal. 269, 179 (2010). 6. L.G. Devi, B.N. Murthy, S.G. Kumar, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 166, 1 (2010). 7. D.M. Chen, D. Yang, Q. Wang, Z.Y. Jiang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45, 4110 (2006). 8. H.S. Hilal, L.Z. Majjad, N. Zaatar, A. El-Hamouz, Solid State. Sci. 9, 9 (2007). 9. A. Dawson, P.V. Kamat, J. Phys. Chem. 105, 960 (2001). 10. D.R. Zhang, Y.H. Kim, Y.S. Kang, Curr. Appl. Phys. 6, 801 (2006).  11. F. Wei, L. Ni, P. Cui, J. Hazard. Mater. 156, 135 (2008). 12. C. Chang, C. Lin, C. Chan, C. Hsu, C. Chen, Thin Solid Films 494, 274 (2006). 13. D. Chu, X. Yuan, G. Qin, M. Xu, P. Zheng, J. Lu, L. Zha, J. Nanopart. Res. 10, 357 (2008). 14. K. Chen, J. Li, Y. Zhang, W. Wang, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects. 360, 47 (2010). 15. M. Hamadanian, A. Reisi-Vanani, A. Majedi, Mater. Chem. Phys. 116, 376 (2009).  

Study of Photocatalytic Behavior of Photochemical Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles with In-V Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods

SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES 
Vol. 1 No 4, 04NEA08(3pp) (2012) 
 
 
2304-1862/2012/1(4)04NEA08(3) 04NEA08-1  2012 Sumy State University 
Study of Photocatalytic Behavior of Photochemical Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles with 
In-V Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods 
 
M. Hamadanian1,2, A. Reisi-Vanani2, P. Razi2, S. Hoseinifard2 
 
1 Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran 
2 Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Iran 
 
(Received 20 June 2012; published online 24 August 2012) 
 
Indium- vanadium doped with different molar percent (0.05-1%) was prepared by photochemical reduc-
tion method on pure TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol –gel and hydrothermal process. XRD, FT-IR, 
TEM, SEM and EDX analysis were done for characterized nanoparticles and methyl orange (MO) was used 
as an environmental pollutant to verify photocatalytic effect of synthesized particles under visible and UV 
lamps. Result of tests was showed that In-V doping restrain from crystal growth, that only hydrothermal 
TiO2 particles with binary doped 0.2% molar of In-V can improve photocatalytic activity compared to sol-
gel nanoparticles. Pure TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal and sol-gel processes were calcined at 
300,400,450,550 ºC for 3h and 500º C for 2h, respectively. 
 
Keywords: Co-doped TiO2, Sol-Gel, Hydrothermal, Indium, Vanadium. 
 
  PACS number: 91.40.Ge  
 
 
1. INTRODUCTION 
 
Among photocatalytic nanoparticles, Titania is one 
of the best materials as photocatalyst for electrical and 
optical properties, low cost, high photocatalytic activity, 
chemical stability, non toxic and without chemical and 
corrosion abrasion against light [1-2]. These particles 
have rutile (B.G.  3.0 eV), anatase (B.G.  3.2 eV) and 
Brookite phases. Anatase crystals were used in solar 
cell, optical sensitive paints and optical catalyst [3]. 
Recombination of hole and electron is one of the im-
portant electronic properties in these nanoparticles]. 
The recombination could occur as thermally assisted 
detrapping or electron tunneling [4]. This process 
caused to decrease photo efficiency. A reducer (electron 
donor) or oxidant (electron acceptor) agents can pre-
vention of their recombination to increase photocatalyt-
ic activity. Different methods are available for increas-
ing area to volume ratio of TiO2 particles to improve 
photocatalytic effect such as: noble metal doping [5], 
metal ion doping [6], anion doping [7] and dye sensiti-
zation [8]. Among them, doping method applied to im-
prove the trapping efficiency of change carriers [9]. 
Zhang et al [10] prepared V-Sc codoped TiO2 by sol-gel 
method, S-N codoped TiO2 was synthesized in many 
paper [11], Zhu et al [12] reported that P/N codoped 
caused to increase rutile to anatase transfer, Yang et al 
[13] prepared C/V-TiO2 codoped by sol-gel method and 
Chen et al [14] prepared V-TiO2 nanoparticles by sol-
gel method. 
In this paper, we used a photochemical reduction 
method for preparing In-V codoped TiO2 nanoparticles 
to quantify photocatalyst activity and methyl orange 
was used as an organic compound for doing photodeg-
radation tests. 
 
2. EXPERIMENTAL 
 
2.1 Material and methods 
 
Different materials were used for preparing men-
tioned nanoparticles. TTIP [Ti [OCH(CH3)4] (Merck, > 
98%), Glacial Acetic Acid (Merck, >99.8%), Ammonium 
metavanadate (NH4VO3, Merck), Indium chloride 
(InCl3, Merck) and dionized water was produced by a 
Smart-2-Pure type made in TKA company of Germany. 
Pure TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel 
and hydrothermal methods according to [15] papers, 
respectively. Including the hydrothermal particles cal-
cined in 300, 400, 450, and 550º C for checking intensi-
ty of Brookite phase and photocatalytic activity. 
 
2.2 Preparation of In-V nanoparticles 
 
For preparing In-V particles, first different molar 
percent (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0%) of ammonium meta-
vanadate as vanadium source with regard to molar 
percent of V to Ti, was added to certain amount of pure 
TiO2 particles that synthesized by sol-gel and hydro-
thermal processes. Then 100 ml of solution was placed 
under condition N2 atmosphere for 10 min and put it 
with aluminum paper. After this, it was placed against 
ultraviolet light with stirring for 15 h in photochemical 
box equipped with fan to prevent UV leakage, then 
indium chloride as indium source with the same molar 
percent (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0%) was added to men-
tioned solution and repeat above stages. At the end, the 
mixture was centrifuged and dried in 100º C for 12 h. 
 
2.3 Characterization 
 
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra in 0.006-5 nm 
wavelength of various titania samples were recorded on 
a Philip X Pert Pro MPD model using Cu Kα radiation 
as the X-ray source. The pattern was used for checking 
nanoparticles size and phase analysis. Average particle 
size was showed by Debye-Scherrer equation. By scan-
ning electron microscope (SEM) (Hitachi, S-4160) is 
obtained 3 dimension pictures from sample structure. 
FT-IR spectra were recorded on Nicolet Magna IR 550 
spectrometer. It was used for checking surface struc-
ture of nanoparticles and get to information about sur-
round organic layers of metal nanoparticles. Transmis-
sion electron microscope (TEM) (Philips, CN 10, HT 
 M. HAMADANIAN, A. REISI-VANANI, P. RAZI, S. HOSEINIFARD PROC. NAP 1, 04NEA08 (2012) 
 
 
04NEA08-2 
100 KeV) was applied for testing the particle morphol-
ogy. Photodegradation of MO was tested by using UV-
Vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 2S) 
against UV and visible light. 
 
2.4 Photocatalytic effect 
 
Mo solution was used as an environmental pollu-
tant to evaluate photodegradation activity of synthe-
sized nanoparticles. All of decolorization of dye solution 
tests were done in quart glass when samples were ex-
posed to UV and Vis lamps as artificial sunlight. For 
tests, the mixture containing 100 mg catalyst nanopar-
ticles and 100 ml MO solution [40, 41] was aerated for 
30min to get on adsorption equilibrium and saturated 
solution with O2. Then it was placed in photochemical 
box equipped with a fan with stirring in 40 and 25 cm 
distance from UV and Vis lamps, respectively. At cer-
tain times UV-Vis spectrometer was showed absorption 
changes [37, 42]. PH for MO solution was adjusted be-
tween 2-3 and maximum wavelength is 510 nm [43]. 
 
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 
 
3.1 X-ray scattering analysis 
 
Figure 1 is a plot of X-ray scattering (XRD) of pure 
hydrothermal TiO2 particle in different calcinations 
temperatures. (101), (004), (200), (105), (211), (204), 
(116) diffraction peaks were proved anatase phase for 
pure TiO2. A main peak for anatase phase around 2θ= 
25.2º (101) has tetragonal form. Another peak around 
2θ= 30.8º (121) exhibit brookite phase in this particles. 
When calcinations temperature was increased, we 
could decrease intensity and sharpness of the brookite 
peak in nanoparticles. Also any rutile diffraction peak 
wasn't in these spectra.  
 
 
 
Fig. 1 – X-ray spectra (XRD) of pure hydrothermal TiO2 
particles in a)300, b)400, c)450 and d)550º C calcinations 
temperatures 
 
Figure 2 shows the XRD plan of In-V photochemical 
doped hydrothermal TiO2 samples. By using Debye-
Scherrer equation on anatase (2θ= 25.2, 48.2, 55.2º) we 
have been calculated the average particle size for pure 
hydrothermal titania in 300, 400, 450 and 550º C, size 
of particles are about 8.26, 11.85, 18.75 and 25.2 nm, 
respectively. Size of 0.2% In-V photochemical codoped 
on hydrothermal titania is 14.3 nm. 
 
 
 
Fig. 2 – XRD plan of a) pure b) 0.1% c) 0.2% d)1% In-V 
photochemical codoped TiO2 nanoparticles 
 
3.2 SEM and TEM images 
 
Figure 3 shows SEM and TEM images for 0.2% In-V 
photochemical doped on hydrothermal TiO2 particles 
with different enlarge. These images exhibited spheri-
cal structure and adhesion of the particles. EDX meas-
urement also was proved the presence of In and V in 
this sample. With this images particle size was esti-
mated about 11-13 nm and Debye-Scherrer was calcu-
lated particle size about 12-15 nm, that TEM micro-
graphs has proved this calculation synthesized nano-
particles have spherical morphology. 
 
 
 
Fig. 3 – SEM and TEM images for 0.2% In-V photochemical 
doped on hydrothermal TiO2 nanoparticles 
 STUDY OF PHOTOCATALYTIC BEHAVIOR OF PHOTOCHEMICAL… PROC. NAP 1, 04NEA08 (2012) 
 
 
04NEA08-3 
3.3 Photodegradation effect 
 
Result show In-V binary doped on hydrothermal 
TiO2 compared to sol-gel TiO2 had the best operation in 
competition between interfacial change transfer ratios 
to rate of hole-electron recombination. Figure 4 exhibit 
in both UV and Vis region, 0.2% In-V codoped on hy-
drothermal TiO2 could reduce the recombination rate 
as electron trapper. Login Indium to V-TiO2 structure 
prevent from particle growth and In3+ change to In2+ as 
electron trapper and form lower energy level from con-
duction band (CB). In absent the light source, again 
In2+ ions change to In3+ and atmospheric O2 traps re-
leased electron as electron acceptor and produce O2-. 
 
 
 
Fig. 4 – Photodegradation activity for In-V photochemical codoped on hydrothermal TiO2 nanoparticles Under a) UV, b) visible lamps 
 
4. CONCLUSION 
 
The metal ion dopants influence the photo efficiency 
of TiO2 by acting as electron or hole trap center within 
band gap of TiO2 and alter the e-/h+ pair recombination 
rate through following process. In this paper, different 
molar percent of In-V codoped on hydrothermal and 
sol-gel pure TiO2 by UV photochemical reduction pro-
cess that In3+, V3+ deposited on TiO2 surface as In0, 
V0 and photodegradation activity of the MO can im-
prove when 0.2% In-V codoped on hydrothermal TiO2 
and reduce recombination rate as electron trapper. In 
photochemical doped method, metal ions were into 
holes in TiO2 structure with zero oxidation number, but 
in other doping methods, cation and anion were substi-
tuted at Ti4+ and O2- sites, respectively. 
 
REFERENCES 
 
1. A.N-Enyashin, G. Seifert, phys. stat. sol. 242, 1361 (2005). 
2. L. Armelao, D. Barreca, Nanotech. 18, 375709 (2007). 
3. X. Xiao, K. Ouyang, R. Liu, J. Liang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 
3659 (2009). 
4. W.S. Dillmore, M.N. Yousaf, M. Mrksich, Langmuir. 20, 
7223 (2004). 
5. O. Rosseler, M. Shankar, K-L. DuM, L. Schmidlin, 
N. Keller, V. Keller, J. Catal. 269, 179 (2010). 
6. L.G. Devi, B.N. Murthy, S.G. Kumar, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 
166, 1 (2010). 
7. D.M. Chen, D. Yang, Q. Wang, Z.Y. Jiang, Ind. Eng. 
Chem. Res. 45, 4110 (2006). 
8. H.S. Hilal, L.Z. Majjad, N. Zaatar, A. El-Hamouz, Solid 
State. Sci. 9, 9 (2007). 
9. A. Dawson, P.V. Kamat, J. Phys. Chem. 105, 960 (2001). 
10. D.R. Zhang, Y.H. Kim, Y.S. Kang, Curr. Appl. Phys. 6, 801 
(2006).  
11. F. Wei, L. Ni, P. Cui, J. Hazard. Mater. 156, 135 (2008). 
12. C. Chang, C. Lin, C. Chan, C. Hsu, C. Chen, Thin Solid 
Films 494, 274 (2006). 
13. D. Chu, X. Yuan, G. Qin, M. Xu, P. Zheng, J. Lu, L. Zha, 
J. Nanopart. Res. 10, 357 (2008). 
14. K. Chen, J. Li, Y. Zhang, W. Wang, Colloids and Surfaces 
A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects. 360, 47 (2010). 
15. M. Hamadanian, A. Reisi-Vanani, A. Majedi, Mater. 
Chem. Phys. 116, 376 (2009). 
 


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Study of Photocatalytic Behavior of Photochemical Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles with In-V Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods

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