Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line from urinary cells of a healthy donor using integration free Sendai virus technology

We have generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line derived from urinary cells of a 28 year old healthy female donor. The cells were reprogrammed using a non-integrating viral vector and have shown full differentiation potential. Together with the iPSC line, the donor provided blood cells for the study of immunological effects of the iPSC line and its derivatives in autologous and allogeneic settings. The line is available and registered in the human pluripotent stem cell registry as BCRTi005-A

Generation of integration free induced pluripotent stem cells from fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) patients from urine samples

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare, autosomal dominant transmitted genetic disease. Patients experience progressive bone formation replacing tendons, ligaments, muscle and soft tissue. Cause of FOP are gain-of-function mutations in the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) receptor Activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1) ( Kaplan et al., 2008). The most common mutation is R206H, which leads to the substitution of codon 206 from arginine to histidine (Shore et al., 2006). Here, we describe the derivation and characterization of two hiPSC lines from two FOP patients, both carrying the mutation R206H. Cells were isolated from urine and reprogrammed using integration free Sendai virus vectors under defined conditions

The TreaT-Assay: A Novel Urine-Derived Donor Kidney Cell-Based Assay for Prediction of Kidney Transplantation Outcome

Donor-reactive immunity plays a major role in rejection after kidney transplantation, but analysis of donor-reactive T-cells is not applied routinely. However, it has been shown that this could help to identify patients at risk of acute rejection. A major obstacle is the limited quantity or quality of the required allogenic stimulator cells, including a limited availability of donor-splenocytes or an insufficient HLA-matching with HLA-bank cells. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel assay, termed the TreaT (Transplant reactive T-cells)-assay. We cultivated renal tubular epithelial cells from the urine of kidney transplant patients and used them as stimulators for donor-reactive T-cells, which we analyzed by flow cytometry. We could demonstrate that using the TreaT-assay the quantification and characterization of alloreactive T-cells is superior to other stimulators. In a pilot study, the number of pre-transplant alloreactive T-cells negatively correlated with the post-transplant eGFR. Frequencies of pre-transplant CD161+ alloreactive CD4+ T-cells and granzyme B producing alloreactive CD8+ T-cells were substantially higher in patients with early acute rejection compared to patients without complications. In conclusion, we established a novel assay for the assessment of donor-reactive memory T-cells based on kidney cells with the potential to predict early acute rejection and post-transplant eGFR

Green buildings as sustainability education tools

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of green building technologies and practices and illustrate how public libraries can use them as tools to teach their communities about sustainability and foster behavior change. Design/methodology/approach – Through literature searches, case studies analysis, and individual phone and e-mail interviews, the author identified ways that public libraries can use their buildings to demonstrate green technologies and practices and show their patrons how to apply them at home, at work, and in the community. Findings – Education is a component of LEED certification. Many LEED certified libraries publicize a list of the green technologies used in their building projects. Some sponsor programs related to the green building and include permanent displays in the library to explain how the technology works. The Fayetteville Public Library went beyond these basic techniques to not only improve the sustainability of their operations but also become a community test bed for a renewable energy project. Originality/value – This paper sheds light on how building projects can be used not only to educate the public about green technologies and practices, but also inspire others to begin using similar techniques at home, at work, and in the community.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe

Intraoperative Defibrillation Testing of Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Systems—A Simple Issue?

Background: The results of the recently published randomized SIMPLE trial question the role of routine intraoperative defibrillation testing. However, testing is still recommended during implantation of the entirely subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) system. To address the question of whether defibrillation testing in S‐ICD systems is still necessary, we analyzed the data of a large, standard‐of‐care prospective single‐center S‐ICD registry. // Methods and Results: In the present study, 102 consecutive patients received an S‐ICD for primary (n=50) or secondary prevention (n=52). Defibrillation testing was performed in all except 4 patients. In 74 (75%; 95% CI 0.66–0.83) of 98 patients, ventricular fibrillation was effectively terminated by the first programmed internal shock. In 24 (25%; 95% CI 0.22–0.44) of 98 patients, the first internal shock was ineffective and further internal or external shock deliveries were required. In these patients, programming to reversed shock polarity (n=14) or repositioning of the sensing lead (n=1) or the pulse generator (n=5) led to successful defibrillation. In 4 patients, a safety margin of <10 J was not attained. Nevertheless, in these 4 patients, ventricular arrhythmias were effectively terminated with an internal 80‐J shock. // Conclusions: Although it has been shown that defibrillation testing is not necessary in transvenous ICD systems, it seems particular important for S‐ICD systems, because in nearly 25% of the cases the primary intraoperative test was not successful. In most cases, a successful defibrillation could be achieved by changing shock polarity or by optimizing the shock vector caused by the pulse generator or lead repositioning.<br

Effects of cold winters and roost site stability on population development of non-native Asian ring-necked parakeets (Alexandrinus manillensis) in temperate Central Europe – Results of a 16-year census

Asian ring-necked parakeets (Alexandrinus manillensis, formerly Psittacula krameri, hereafter RNP) first bred in&nbsp;Germany in 1969. Since then, RNP numbers increased in all three major German subpopulations (Rhineland,&nbsp;Rhine-Main, Rhine-Neckar) over the period 2003–2018. In the Rhine-Neckar region, the population increased to more than fivefold within only 15 years. Interestingly, there was no significant breeding range expansion of &nbsp;RNP in the period 2010–2018. In 2018, the total number of RNP in Germany amounted to &gt;16,200 birds. Differences&nbsp;in RNP censuses between years were evident. Surprisingly, cold winters (extreme value, −13.7 °C) and&nbsp;cold weather conditions in the breeding season (coldest month average, −1.36 °C) were not able to explain&nbsp;between-year variation. This finding suggests that in general winter mortality is low – with exceptions for winters&nbsp;2008/2009 and 2009/2010, and a population-relevant loss of broods is low in our study population.&nbsp;Surprisingly, the social behaviour in terms of spatio-temporal stability of roost sites could well explain positive and negative population trends. Years of spatially stable and regularly used roost sites seem to correlate with increasing population sizes. In contrast, known shifts of RNP among different roost sites or the formations of&nbsp;new roost sites by split are related to population stagnation or a decrease in numbers. Climate change may lead&nbsp;to further range expansion as cities not suitable yet for RNP may become so in the near future.

Kapitel 6.2 Safety Assessment

All efforts addressing the safety of flight operations with regard to wake vortex encounter (e.g. wake warning systems) or aiming at increasing the capacity of the air transport system by adjusting wake turbulence separations (e.g. new separation schemes) ultimately aim at reducing the risk of severe wake encounters or must assure that the level of risk is not increased. It is the task of dedicated safety assessments to validate that this risk is either reduced or kept at current levels. Those risk-based safety assessments that consider the possibility of unintentional wake encounter must determine the probability (i.e. frequency) of wake vortex encounters and their associated severity level. Severity assessments concern the determination of the severity of a specified wake vortex encounter. Within such assessments severity criteria correlate objective, measurable quantities with severity descriptions of more general nature and stakeholder-wide understanding. Safety assessments may differ in depth. The most detailed assessments include models of air traffic, weather, wake vortex transport and decay as well as dynamic wake encounter simulations to determine frequency and severity of wake encounters on a statistical basis. Experience shows that a common definition of applicable severity criteria is especially difficult to achieve. This difficulty is due to the fact that many different stakeholders are directly concerned (basically answering the question: “which wake encounter is acceptable?”) but that they have different perspectives, experiences and requirements. While an airline might already be concerned about the number of encounters affecting passenger comfort, a regulator is more likely to be concerned only about encounters leading to incidents