AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE UTILIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DA PODA E CORTE DE ARBÓREOS E GRAMÍNEAS NA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA TÉRMICA

Resumo Neste trabalho foi analisada a possibilidade de utilização de resíduos da biomassa oriundos de podas e cortes de árvores, e roçagem de gramíneas (massa verde), como possível combustível a ser usado em termoelétricas. Esses resíduos foram caracterizados quanto a composição (Lignina, Celulose/hemicelulose, Teor de umidade, Teor de cinzas, Teor de matéria orgânica, Teor de carbono TOC), análise térmica (TG, DTA e DSC) e conteúdo calorífico (Calor de combustão). A água presente no material, é o principal fator impeditivo de usar essa biomassa como combustível cerca de 10% no cavaco e 7% nas gramíneas. O calor de combustão do material foi de 4.048 kcal/Kg para as gramíneas e 4397 Kcal/Kg para o cavaco. A maior quantidade de lignina no cavaco 32 % contra 25% nas gramíneas explica essa diferença. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de uso destas biomassas como combustível em termoelétricas, em tempos de crise hídrica quando a possibilidade de secagem quase completa do material é viável usando apenas insolação natural

Evaluation of areas with environmental vulnerability in the Rio Claro hydrographic basin, SP – Brazil/Avaliação de áreas com vulnerabilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Claro, SP - Brasil

The environmental vulnerability study is one of the most important ways to analyze the anthropic pressures that occur in the physical and biological environment. In this context, the aim of this work is to evaluate the areas with environmental vulnerability in the Rio Claro Hydrographic Basin in 2001 and 2017, using physical and biological factors. The hydrographic basin has 251.91km² and is localized in the Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (SP). The analysis was carried out addressing the physical attributes (slope, geology, unconsolidated materials, and aquifer units) and biological attributes with use and land cover for 2001 and 2017. The methodology was based on the environmental characterization and standardization of the information through the Fuzzy logic, processed in ArcGIS 10.5 software. The data were classified into five levels of environmental vulnerability (very low, low, medium, high and very high). For both periods, the most evident levels were the low, medium and high vulnerability, occupying over 70%. The method employed in this work allowed the evaluation of the environmental vulnerability in the Rio Claro Hydrographic Basin and made possible the definition of the regions that suffered interference due to the influence of the anthropic activities in the physical and biological environment, as well as of the different activities that occurred in the region.

Tetraciclinas e glicilciclinas: uma visão geral

Tetracyclines exhibits activity to a broad range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and this fact allied to the low toxicity, low cost, and the advantage of administration by oral route led to their indiscriminate use, which caused the appearance of bacterial resistance to these agents, wich has restricted its clinical utility, though new applications have emerged. On the other hand, the glycylcyclines, semi-synthetic products are similar to tetracyclines, which are active against many bacteria resistant to tetracycline and other classes of antibiotics. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of this important class of antibiotics focusing on its coordination chemistry and possible applications

Different methodological approaches to natural vulnerability to erosion in southeastern Brazil / Diferentes abordagens metodológicas da vulnerabilidade natural à erosão no sudeste do Brasil

The natural vulnerability addresses the processes of morphogenesis and pedogenesis integrating information related to the rocky substrate, soils, geomorphology, vegetation. The study of natural variability is essential for understanding ecosystems in the face of change processes in the environment. This work aimed to analyze the natural vulnerability to the occurrence of erosion, adopting a method based on Crepani and Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) method in the Rio Claro Watershed - São Paulo - Brasil. Four information plans were used in the 1:50000 scale, being: geomorphology, pedology, geology and vegetation/anthropic intervention. The Natural Vulnerability to Erosion Chart is classified into five classes (Very Low, Low, Average, High, and Very High). Comparing the charts generated by the two methods based on Crepani et al. (2001) and Saaty (1980), there was a difference in the Very Low and High vulnerability classes. The most evident class in both charts is the average vulnerability, corresponding 94.55km² of the area in Crepani Method chart, and 93.34km² in AHP Method chart, followed by the “Low” class corresponding of 55.56km² and 76.67% respectively the Crepani and AHP methods. For the "High" class there was a decrease of 48.28% when compared to the two cards, the "Very high" class suffered the least change (-0.09%), while the "Very low" class increased above 100%. The methods employed allowed the generation of results that show the reality of the study area, it is worth mentioning that the Crepani method is more generic because it considers the similarity of the information plans for the vulnerability analysis, whereas the AHP method presents the advantage of hierarchizing both information plans and their classes, highlighting the relative importance of natural vulnerability to erosion.

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE UTILIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DA PODA E CORTE DE ARBÓREOS E GRAMÍNEAS NA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA TÉRMICA

Resumo Neste trabalho foi analisada a possibilidade de utilização de resíduos da biomassa oriundos de podas e cortes de árvores, e roçagem de gramíneas (massa verde), como possível combustível a ser usado em termoelétricas. Esses resíduos foram caracterizados quanto a composição (Lignina, Celulose/hemicelulose, Teor de umidade, Teor de cinzas, Teor de matéria orgânica, Teor de carbono TOC), análise térmica (TG, DTA e DSC) e conteúdo calorífico (Calor de combustão). A água presente no material, é o principal fator impeditivo de usar essa biomassa como combustível cerca de 10% no cavaco e 7% nas gramíneas. O calor de combustão do material foi de 4.048 kcal/Kg para as gramíneas e 4397 Kcal/Kg para o cavaco. A maior quantidade de lignina no cavaco 32 % contra 25% nas gramíneas explica essa diferença. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de uso destas biomassas como combustível em termoelétricas, em tempos de crise hídrica quando a possibilidade de secagem quase completa do material é viável usando apenas insolação natural

Influência da espessura nas propriedades de absorção e emissão e na morfologia de filmes automontados de poli(p-fenileno vinileno)

In this report, we studied the thickness effect on the optical and morphological properties of self-assembled (SA) poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) films, wich were processed with 5 and 75 layers from a PPV precursor polymer and dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and then, thermally converted at 230 °C. The increase of the film thickness yielded more intense peaks in the vibrational spectral range. The electron-phonon coupling was quantified by the Huang - Rhys factor, that shows the effects on the polymer chain mobility in the interface substrate/polymer. A strong emission anisotropy r=0.57 was observed for the film with 5 layers of thickness decreasing to 0.34 for the film with 75 layers. Finally, the surface topology of the films was measured using Atomic Force Microscopy

Experimental and theoretical studies of the thermal degradation of a phenolic dibenzodioxocin lignin model

A large part of biphenyl structures in lignin are etherified by alpha- and beta-carbons of another phenylpropane unit to give an eight-member ring called dibenzodioxocin. The behavior of a phenolic dibenzodioxocin lignin model, 4-(4,9-dimethoxy-2,11-n-dipropyl-6,7-dihydro-5,8-dioxa-dibenzo[a,c]cycloocten-6-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (DBDOH, 1), was studied by different mass spectrometry and thermal methods, leading to the conclusion that dibenzodioxocins are thermally unstable products. Both semi-empirical and density functional theory quantum calculations show that both C-O bonds, which connect the biphenyl part of the dibenzodioxocin molecule to the phenolic group, can be broken under increasing temperature. However, they do not play the same role since their dissociation occurs through different barrier heights. The C-O bond directly connected to the phenolic group (alpha-O-4) will dissociate first since its barrier energy for scission is lower than the other one (beta-O-4), by roughly 12 kcal mol(-1) (a parts per thousand 50 kJ mol(-1)). This conclusion is likely applicable to thermal degradation of DBDO units in lignin polymer