8 research outputs found

    Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

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    Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

    EvapotranspiraciĂłn y coeficientes de cultivo para el cafeto en la provincia de Pinar del RĂ­o

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    El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la evapotranspiraciĂłn (ETc) y los coeficientes Ășnicos de cultivo (Kc) por fases de desarrollo del cafeto (Coffea arabica, L) variedad Caturra Rojo de 12 años de edad, regado con un sistema de riego localizado superficial. El experimento se llevĂł a cabo en la regiĂłn de San AndrĂ©s, provincia Pinar del RĂ­o durante cuatro años sobre un suelo AlĂ­tico amarillento de alta actividad arcillosa tĂ­pico. La ETc se determinĂł a partir del balance hĂ­drico hasta la profundidad de 60 cm y los Kc por la razĂłn entre la ETc de las plantas regadas todo el año cuando la humedad descendiĂł hasta el 85% del LĂ­mite Superior de Agua Disponible en el suelo y la EvapotranspiraciĂłn de Referencia (ETo) de la zona. Como resultado se obtuvo que la mayor demanda de agua se produce en la fase floraciĂłn- fructificaciĂłn, la evapotranspiraciĂłn promedio diaria anual resulto ser de 3,24 mm‱dĂ­a-1 y el coeficiente Ășnico global de cultivo de 0,86

    Memorias IX Congreso GeolĂłgico Venezolano (1)

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    Memorias del IX Congreso Geol&oacute;gico Venezolan

    Biodiversidad 2017. Estado y tendencias de la biodiversidad continental de Colombia

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    En la cuarta versiĂłn del Reporte, que corresponde al año 2017, es una obligaciĂłn preguntarnos cuĂĄl ha sido y es el papel de esta publicaciĂłn y si ha abarcado la diversidad de formas y conceptos que definen el estado y el futuro de la biodiversidad colombiana. Las temĂĄticas que constituyen la columna vertebral de cada uno de los reportes anuales responden a temas de pertinencia, nivel de incidencia y actualidad desde cada uno de los diferentes niveles de organizaciĂłn de la biodiversidad y buscan responder las siguientes preguntas fundamentales: 1) ÂżCĂłmo se encuentra la biodiversidad del paĂ­s? 2)ÂżQuĂ© factores, en dĂłnde y en quĂ© medida estĂĄ siendo afectada? 3)ÂżCuĂĄles son las iniciativas que desde la sociedad civil o a nivel de polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas buscan evitar esa pĂ©rdida? 4)ÂżCuĂĄles son las grandes oportunidades para mejorar su gestiĂłn y manejo? Si bien evaluar la incidencia que puede tener el Reporte sobre acciones de gestiĂłn no es tarea fĂĄcil, se debe reconocer la buena acogida que han tenido los textos, las ilustraciones y la cifras entre los distintos tipos de lectores y el papel fundamental que ha jugado el Reporte en comunicar informaciĂłn de altĂ­sima calidad sobre la biodiversidad colombiana en diferentes momentos coyunturales. En ese sentido esta publicaciĂłn es cada vez mĂĄs una herramienta de consulta y referencia que estĂĄ abierta al pĂșblico tanto en formato impreso como digital, y de la misma manera busca fortalecerse para continuar brindando informaciĂłn relevante para la toma de decisiones en materia ambiental.BogotĂĄSubdirecciĂłn de Investigacione

    Biodiversity 2016. Status and Trends of Colombian Continental Biodiversity

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    This third volume of the annual report on biodiversity in Colombia continues the editorial line that begun in 2014. Using novel analytical and graphic proposals, these reports have the goal of communicating the contents to a broad public, making it available for discussion without sacrificing the quality of information. The challenge of communication continues to be a major part of the institutional project, and the new languages with which we are learning to communicate with society and other institutions are an experiment that we expect to be increasingly gratifying. The report for 2017 is already under construction and it counts on new digital technologies so the power of a colombian vital connection may be entirely expressed. The included content evidences that we are still far away from having a systematic follow-up about most of the topics related to the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which is the only way to evaluate the effectiveness of policies and investments made by society. In fact, a limitation that is recognized is that of identifying positive or negative changes that affect different levels of organization of life on this planet; therefore, our global navigation route of the Aichi targets is still to be verified. An additional purpose of this process includes the invitation of all Colombians to contribute in constructing and maintaining basic monitoring indicators for management since it is impossible to identify long-term trends of flora and fauna in the country without the support of institutions, researchers, and citizens. This challenge is immense in a megadiverse country such as Colombia. For this reason, the report will continue to open its pages to experts, and even indigenous peoples or local communities, for them to present their perspectives about environmental change and its effects on biodiversity in a systematic and documented manner. This has the objective of stimulating the commitment of everyone in the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The only way of overcoming the risk of extinction is through the active process of social learning in which all sectors assume a part of the complex responsibility in protecting the forms of life of the country, a roughly counted tenth of all creatures on Earth. I thank all the people that contributed in this Report, those who have supported us in the phases of production, and all readers and users, who are the ultimate judges of its utility.BogotĂĄ, D. C

    Biodiversidad 2016. Estado y Tendencias de la Biodiversidad Continental de Colombia

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    Esta tercera entrega del reporte anual de la biodiversidad en Colombia profundiza en la lĂ­nea editorial iniciada el año 2014 mediante nuevas propuestas analĂ­ticas y grĂĄficas, con la intenciĂłn de garantizar que la informaciĂłn llegue a todos los pĂșblicos y pueda ser discutida de manera amena sin sacrificio de calidad. La apuesta comunicativa sigue siendo central en el proyecto institucional y los nuevos lenguajes con los que estamos aprendiendo a conversar con la sociedad y las instituciones son un experimento que esperamos sea cada vez mĂĄs satisfactorio: ya estamos construyendo la versiĂłn 2017 con el apoyo de las nuevas tecnologĂ­as digitales de manera que la potencia de la conexiĂłn vital colombiana se exprese en toda su capacidad. Por los contenidos es evidente que aĂșn distamos mucho de tener una capacidad de seguimiento sistemĂĄtico para la mayorĂ­a de temas relativos a la gestiĂłn de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistĂ©micos, la Ășnica manera de evaluar si las medidas de polĂ­tica y las inversiones que realiza la sociedad estĂĄn teniendo los efectos deseados. De hecho, parte de las limitaciones reconocidas por robustamente los cambios positivos o negativos que afectan los diferentes niveles de organizaciĂłn de la vida planetaria, por lo cual las mismas metas de Aichi, nuestra carta de navegaciĂłn global, estĂĄn pendientes de verificaciĂłn. Un propĂłsito adicional de este proceso es la invitaciĂłn a todos los colombianos para contribuir con la construcciĂłn y alimentaciĂłn de los indicadores bĂĄsicos de seguimiento a la gestiĂłn, ya que es imposible identificar las tendencias de largo plazo en que estĂĄn inmersas la flora y fauna colombianas sin el apoyo de las instituciones, los investigadores y los ciudadanos: en el paĂ­s de la megadiversidad, el reto es inmenso. Por este motivo, este reporte irĂĄ abriendo sus pĂĄginas a expertos, incluso indĂ­genas o de comunidades locales, para que presenten de manera sistemĂĄtica y documentada sus perspectivas del cambio ambiental y sus efectos en la biodiversidad, con el ĂĄnimo de promover el compromiso de todos en su gestiĂłn. La Ășnica manera de superar el riesgo de extinciĂłn es mediante un activo proceso de aprendizajes sociales que haga que todos los sectores asuman una parte de la compleja responsabilidad que significa proteger todas las formas de vida del paĂ­s, una dĂ©cima parte mal contada de las planetarias. Agradezco a las decenas de personas que contribuyeron con este reporte, a quienes nos han apoyado en todas las etapas de producciĂłn y a sus lectores y usuarios, quienes son en Ășltimo tĂ©rmino los jueces de su utilidad.BogotĂĄ, D. C

    Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

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    Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
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