Estudio comparativo de resistencia aeróbica y anaeróbica en jugadores de baloncesto en función de la metodología de entrenamiento

The aim of this investigation is identifying the differences between aerobic and anaerobic capacities in players. They are training with different methodologies. Therefore, it is necessary to know how are the physiological and cinematic request of the trainings.The design of this investigation can be classified as a manipulative strategy. It is inside of studies about empirical nature of cuasiexperimental type, where you can examinate the differences between groups: Design of not equal groups. The people group of the study are two basketball teams. They train with differents methodologies but they have the same time to practise and the same material too.Regarding the results, there are some differences between aerobic and anaerobic events of the teams. In this way, it is superior the team with comprehensive methodology.In this case, you can affirm that training with a comprehensive methodology causes the best results as aerobic and anaerobic endurance. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las diferencias en la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica de jugadores en período de formación, que son entrenados con metodologías diferentes. Por ello, es necesario conocer como son las demandas fisiológicas y cinemáticas de los entrenamientos.El diseño de esta investigación se puede enmarcar bajo una estrategia manipulativa, dentro de los estudios de naturaleza empírica de tipo cuasiexperimental donde se busca examinar las diferencias entre grupos, Diseño de Grupos No Equivalentes.La población del estudio son dos equipos de baloncesto que entrenan bajo diferentes metodologías pero que disponen del mismo tiempo de entrenamiento y material.En cuanto a los resultados que se obtienen, se encuentran diferencias en la prueba aeróbica y anaeróbica entre los equipos, siendo superior el equipo bajo enfoque comprensivo.En este caso, se puede afirmar que entrenar bajo una metodología comprensiva provoca mejores resultados tanto en Resistencia Aeróbica como en Anaeróbica

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DE ESPECIES SILVESTRES DEL GÉNERO Nicotiana I: CARACTERIZACIÓN MEDIANTE MARCADORES BIOQUÍMICOS

La caracterización de especies silvestres del género Nicotiana resulta de gran interés en los programas de mejoramiento genético de la especie Nicotiana tabacum L. ya que pueden ser empleadas como fuente de genes de resistencia a plagas, a la vez que permiten incrementar la variabilidad genética en la única especie comercial del género en el país. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la variabilidad genética en 10 especies del banco de germoplasma del género Nicotiana en Cuba, mediante el análisis de nueve sistemas isoenzimáticos y las proteínas totales. Se emplearon los sistemas peroxidasas, polifenoloxidasas, esterasas, anhidrasa carbónica, superóxido dismutasa, diaforasa, fosfatasas ácidas, fosfatasas alcalinas, enzima málica, así como las proteínas totales. Se realizaron las electroforesis en gelesde poliacrilamida (PAGE) en lámina vertical. El grado de polimorfismo total entre las especies para los sistemas estudiados fue de un 92,7%, siendo los sistemas peroxidasas, fosfatasas ácidas y enzima málica los más polimórficos con un 100%. Estos sistemas junto a las fosfatasas alcalinas y las proteínas totales fueron los de mayor importancia en la identificación y caracterización de estas especies por presentar patrones de bandas propios para cada una de ellas. Este resultado constituye el primer estudio isoenzimático en especies silvestres del banco de germoplasma del género Nicotiana en nuestro país, lo que permitió conocer el grado de variabilidad presente en dichas especies

Embriogénesis somática de Citrus macrophylla Wester con el empleo del Pectimorf® y análogos de brasinoesteroides

Título en ingles: Somatic embryogenesis of Citrus macrophylla Wester using Pectimorf® and analogues of brassinosteroids Resumen Los cítricos son frutales muy utilizados como patrones de injerto. Para incrementar la cantidad de estos cultivos en las plantaciones citrícolas, se pueden usar técnicas de propagación in vitro como la embriogénesis somática, que requiere medios de cultivos artificiales y fitohormonas. Debido a los altos costos de las fitohormonas, una alternativa cubana es el uso de biorreguladores del crecimiento de producción nacional como: los análogos de brasinoesteroides: 25(R) 2α, 3α, dihidroxi 5α espirostan- 6-ona (Biobras-6) y C: 25(R) 2α, 3α, 5α, trihidroxiespirostan-6-ona (MH-5) y una mezcla de oligogalacturónido de grado de polimerización entre 10-14 (Pectimorf®).  Estos biorreguladores son efectivos en los procesos morfogenéticos como sustitutos o complemento de las auxinas y citoquininas. El presente trabajo estuvo dirigido a determinar el efecto del Pectimorf® y los brasinoesteroides como sustitutos de las fitohormonas tradicionales en el desarrollo de la embriogénesis somática y en la obtención de una línea celular embriogénica de Citrus macrophylla Wester. Se utilizó el medio de cultivo de Murashige y Skoog (MS) (1962), suplementado con los biorreguladores del crecimiento MH-5, Biobras-6 y Pectimorf®. Mediante la embriogénesis somática se obtuvieron embriones, raíces y plántulas, en todos los tratamientos. En la formación de plántulas estos biorreguladores fueron muy efectivos. Palabras clave: cultivo in vitro; Citrus; biorreguladores del crecimiento. Abstract Citrus fruits are widely used as rootstock. To increase the amount of these crops in plantations, in vitro propagation techniques such as somatic embryogenesis can be used, which requires artificial culture media and plant hormones. Due to the high cost of the plant hormone, a Cuban alternative is the use of cuban bioregulators growth as the analogs of brassinosteroids, 25(R) 2α, 3α, dihidroxi 5α espirostan- 6-ona (Biobras-6) y C: 25(R) 2α, 3α, 5α, trihidroxiespirostan-6-ona (MH-5) and oligogalacturonic mixed degree polimerization between 10-14  (Pectimorf ®). These bioregulators are effective in morphogenetic processes as a substitute or complement for auxins and cytokinins. Our work was aimed to determine the effect of Pectimorf ® and brassinosteroids (MH-5 and Biobras-6) in morphogenetic development and to obtain embryogenic cell line of Citrus macrophylla Wester. We used the medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962), supplemented with MH-5, Biobras-6 and Pectimorf ®. Embryos, roots and seedlings were obtained through somatic embryogenesis in all treatments. These products were effective in plant regeneration. Key words: in vitro culture; Citrus; growth bioregulators

Embriogénesis somática de Citrus macrophylla Wester con el empleo del Pectimorf® y análogos de brasinoesteroides

Citrus fruits are widely used as rootstock. To increase the amount of these crops in plantations, in vitro propagation techniques such as somatic embryogenesis can be used, which requires artificial culture media and plant hormones. Due to the high cost of the plant hormone, a Cuban alternative is the use of cuban bioregulators growth as the analogs of brassinosteroids, 25(R) 2α, 3α, dihidroxi 5α espirostan- 6-ona (Biobras-6) y C: 25(R) 2α, 3α, 5α, trihidroxiespirostan-6-ona (MH-5) and oligogalacturonic mixed degree polimerization between 10-14 (Pectimorf ®). These bioregulators are effective in morphogenetic processes as a substitute or complement for auxins and cytokinins. Our work was aimed to determine the effect of Pectimorf ® and brassinosteroids (MH-5 and Biobras-6) in morphogenetic development and to obtain embryogenic cell line of Citrus macrophylla Wester. We used the medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962), supplemented with MH-5, Biobras-6 and Pectimorf ®. Embryos, roots and seedlings were obtained through somatic embryogenesis in all treatments. These products were effective in plant regeneration.Los citricos son frutales muy utilizados como patrones de injerto. Para incrementar la cantidad de estos cultivos en las plantaciones citricolas, se pueden usar tecnicas de propagacion in vitro como la embriogenesis somatica, que requiere medios de cultivos artificiales y fitohormonas. Debido a los altos costos de las fitohormonas, una alternativa cubana es el uso de biorreguladores del crecimiento de produccion nacional como: los analogos de brasinoesteroides: 25(R) 2α, 3α, dihidroxi 5α espirostan- 6-ona (Biobras-6) y C: 25(R) 2α, 3α, 5α, trihidroxiespirostan-6-ona (MH-5) y una mezcla de oligogalacturonido de grado de polimerizacion entre 10-14 (PectimorfR). Estos biorreguladores son efectivos en los procesos morfogeneticos como sustitutos o complemento de las auxinas y citoquininas. El presente trabajo estuvo dirigido a determinar el efecto del PectimorfR y los brasinoesteroides como sustitutos de las fitohormonas tradicionales en el desarrollo de la embriogenesis somatica y en la obtencion de una linea celular embriogenica de Citrus macrophylla Wester. Se utilizo el medio de cultivo de Murashige y Skoog (MS) (1962), suplementado con los biorreguladores del crecimiento MH-5, Biobras-6 y PectimorfR. Mediante la embriogenesis somatica se obtuvieron embriones, raices y plantulas, en todos los tratamientos. En la formacion de plantulas estos biorreguladores fueron muy efectivos

Reproducibility of brain-cognition relationships using different cortical surface-based analysis protocols

Comunicació presentada a: the IEEE 11th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2014), celebrat a Beijing, Xina, del 19 d'abril al 2 de maig de 2014.Neuroimaging techniques are now widely used to understand relationships between brain features and cognitive performance. Nevertheless, studies do not always implicate the same anatomical neural networks in intellectual function. Here we used T1-weighted brain MRI scans obtained from a sample of 82 healthy young adults to study four potential sources of variability affecting the reproducibility of brain-cognition relationships: the neuroimaging protocol used, different measures of cortical gray matter, the nature of the cognitive measurement, and sample characteristics. We found that brain networks implicated in individual differences in cognition were not consistent when derived from different gray matter measures, or from different surface-based processing pipelines, even in equivalent samples of participants. Differences in the networks associated with cognition may reflect differences in the methods used to analyze them; in addition, different individuals may reach equivalent psychological goals through disparate brain networks

Antibody-based diagnosis of small ruminant lentivirus infection in seminal fluid

Ramírez, Hugo et al.Antibody-based diagnosis of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) has been efficiently achieved using serum and milk, but not semen, for which polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been proposed as a confirmatory technique. This work, involving 296 ovine (Ovis aries) and caprine (Capra hircus) semen donors, investigates whether seminal fluid (SF) can be reliably used in antibody-based SRLV diagnosis. First, a gold standard was established to assess the infection status and determine the sensitivity and specificity of three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in serum testing using Western blot and PCR as confirmatory tests. For SF testing, both gold standard and serum testing results were used as reference. The performance of SF testing was affected not only by the ELISA assay sensitivity (related to antigen spectrum) compared with that of the gold standard (as it occurred in serum testing) but also by SF sample quality and SF working dilution. Nonturbid SF samples, commonly collected in artificial insemination centers (AICs), were required. Compared with serum, SF testing had a decreased sensitivity in two of the ELISA assays (with original serum working dilutions ≤1/20 in serum testing) but reached a similar sensitivity (and specificity) in the assay designed to work at the highest serum dilution (1/500). A SF concentration of about 1/2 (250-fold that used in serum testing) was found optimal in this assay, yielding highly repeatable results that were in almost perfect agreement with those of serum testing (κ ± SE, 0.91 ± 0.81). Thus, SF ELISA can be reliably applied in antibody-based SRLV diagnosis. This information may be useful to control infection in AICs and animal and semen trade programs requiring health-certified quality of semen donors. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.This study was supported by grants from Spanish CICYT (AGL2006-13410-C06-01/GAN) and the Government of Navarra Department of Agriculture (2003-2005). H. Ramírez was supported by the PASPA program, UNAM, and the Public University of Navarra. I. Glaria was supported by the Government of Navarra, Department of Agriculture. We are thankful to P. Lana, C. Santamaría (ITG-Ganadero), the Government of Navarra, and to AICs and farmers, particularly from Navarra and Aragon, as well as CAPRIGAN Breeder Association for kindly providing samples involved this study.Peer Reviewe