Zur Lebens- und Betreuungssituation von Menschen mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung und herausforderndem Verhalten in Nordrhein-Westfalen : Ergebnisse einer Onlinebefragung in Einrichtungen und Diensten für Menschen mit Behinderungen

Herausforderndes Verhalten von Menschen mit Behinderungen wird aktuell unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten diskutiert. Oft stellen als problematisch empfundene Verhaltensweisen von Klient/inn/en eine schwer zu bewältigende Herausforderung für Mitarbeiter/inn/en in Betreuungsangeboten für Menschen mit Behinderungen dar. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen als mögliche Reaktion in Betracht gezogen. Entsprechende Konzepte werden zurzeit bei Trägern und Kostenträgern intensiv diskutiert. Zugleich erhält dieser Aspekt des Themas aktuell vor dem Hintergrund des Übereinkommens der Vereinten Nationen über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen (UN-BRK) zusätzliche Relevanz. Die vorliegende Untersuchung liefert einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Fachdebatte um den Umgang mit herausforderndem Verhalten im Rahmen der wohnbezogenen Eingliederungshilfe für Menschen mit Behinderungen nach § 53ff. SGB XII. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf Formen geschlossener Unterbringung gelegt

Koordinationspotenziale kommunaler Teilhabepolitik in der Pflege, Behindertenhilfe und Sozialpsychiatrie (KoKoP)

Potentials of Coordination for Local Politics of Care, Disability and Mental Health Service The aim of the research project was to explore possibilities for municipalities to optimize the local design of participatory services in nursing, assistance for the disabled and mental health in interaction with relevant local actors. Using the example of the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein, the research project investigates possible sectoralisation phenomena, cooperation needs and coordination potentials in these fields. The results support assumed sectoralisation problems, arising mainly from the legal allocation of services to legal funding systems, professional assumptions, occupational groups and routines practiced in the fields, which are firmly institutionalized in the respective organizations. Recommendations include integrated coordination and planning efforts that link the various regional levels of action and fields, and the creation of several so-called 'local participation centers' in the district in order to foster despecialisation and strengthen socio-spatial orientation.Koordinationspotenziale kommunaler Teilhabepolitik in der Pflege, Behindertenhilfe und Sozialpsychiatrie Ziel des Forschungsprojekts war es, Möglichkeiten für Kommunen zu erforschen, im Zusammenspiel mit lokal relevanten Akteur_innen die örtliche Ausgestaltung von Teilhabeleistungen in der Pflege, Behindertenhilfe und Sozialpsychiatrie zu optimieren. Am Beispiel des Kreises Siegen-Wittgenstein untersucht das Forschungsprojekt zu diesem Zweck mögliche Sektoralisierungsphänomene, Kooperationsbedarfe und Koordinationspotentiale in diesen Feldern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Sektoralisierungsprobleme, die sich vor allem aus leistungsrechtlichen Zuordnungen, fachlichen Annahmen, Berufsgruppen sowie aus in den Feldern praktizierten Routinen ergeben, die in den jeweiligen Organisationen fest institutionalisiert sind. Neben integrierten Koordinations- und Planungsanstrengungen, die die verschiedenen regionalen Handlungsebenen und Felder miteinander verknüpfen, wird im Sinne einer Entspezialisierung und Sozialraumorientierung die Schaffung mehrerer sogenannter 'Teilhabezentren' im Kreisgebiet vorgeschlagen

Earth system data cubes unravel global multivariate dynamics

Understanding Earth system dynamics in light of ongoing human intervention and dependency remains a major scientific challenge. The unprecedented availability of data streams describing different facets of the Earth now offers fundamentally new avenues to address this quest. However, several practical hurdles, especially the lack of data interoperability, limit the joint potential of these data streams. Today, many initiatives within and beyond the Earth system sciences are exploring new approaches to overcome these hurdles and meet the growing interdisciplinary need for data-intensive research; using data cubes is one promising avenue. Here, we introduce the concept of Earth system data cubes and how to operate on them in a formal way. The idea is that treating multiple data dimensions, such as spatial, temporal, variable, frequency, and other grids alike, allows effective application of user-defined functions to co-interpret Earth observations and/or model-data integration. An implementation of this concept combines analysis-ready data cubes with a suitable analytic interface. In three case studies, we demonstrate how the concept and its implementation facilitate the execution of complex workflows for research across multiple variables, and spatial and temporal scales: (1) summary statistics for ecosystem and climate dynamics; (2) intrinsic dimensionality analysis on multiple timescales; and (3) model-data integration. We discuss the emerging perspectives for investigating global interacting and coupled phenomena in observed or simulated data. In particular, we see many emerging perspectives of this approach for interpreting large-scale model ensembles. The latest developments in machine learning, causal inference, and model-data integration can be seamlessly implemented in the proposed framework, supporting rapid progress in data-intensive research across disciplinary boundaries. © 2020 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved

Earth system data cubes unravel global multivariate dynamics

Understanding Earth system dynamics in light of ongoing human intervention and dependency remains a major scientific challenge. The unprecedented availability of data streams describing different facets of the Earth now offers fundamentally new avenues to address this quest. However, several practical hurdles, especially the lack of data interoperability, limit the joint potential of these data streams. Today, many initiatives within and beyond the Earth system sciences are exploring new approaches to overcome these hurdles and meet the growing interdisciplinary need for data-intensive research; using data cubes is one promising avenue. Here, we introduce the concept of Earth system data cubes and how to operate on them in a formal way. The idea is that treating multiple data dimensions, such as spatial, temporal, variable, frequency, and other grids alike, allows effective application of user-defined functions to co-interpret Earth observations and/or model-data integration. An implementation of this concept combines analysis-ready data cubes with a suitable analytic interface. In three case studies, we demonstrate how the concept and its implementation facilitate the execution of complex workflows for research across multiple variables, and spatial and temporal scales: (1) summary statistics for ecosystem and climate dynamics; (2) intrinsic dimensionality analysis on multiple timescales; and (3) model-data integration. We discuss the emerging perspectives for investigating global interacting and coupled phenomena in observed or simulated data. In particular, we see many emerging perspectives of this approach for interpreting large-scale model ensembles. The latest developments in machine learning, causal inference, and model-data integration can be seamlessly implemented in the proposed framework, supporting rapid progress in data-intensive research across disciplinary boundaries. © 2020 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved

Nutrients and water availability constrain the seasonality of vegetation activity in a Mediterranean ecosystem

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and resulting differences in ecosystem N and phosphorus (P) ratios are expected to impact photosynthetic capacity, that is, maximum gross primary productivity (GPP). However, the interplay between N and P availability with other critical resources on seasonal dynamics of ecosystem productivity remains largely unknown. In a Mediterranean tree–grass ecosystem, we established three landscape-level (24 ha) nutrient addition treatments: N addition (NT), N and P addition (NPT), and a control site (CT). We analyzed the response of ecosystem to altered nutrient stoichiometry using eddy covariance fluxes measurements, satellite observations, and digital repeat photography. A set of metrics, including phenological transition dates (PTDs; timing of green-up and dry-down), slopes during green-up and dry-down period, and seasonal amplitude, were extracted from time series of GPP and used to represent the seasonality of vegetation activity. The seasonal amplitude of GPP was higher for NT and NPT than CT, which was attributed to changes in structure and physiology induced by fertilization. PTDs were mainly driven by rainfall and exhibited no significant differences among treatments during the green-up period. Yet, both fertilized sites senesced earlier during the dry-down period (17–19 days), which was more pronounced in the NT due to larger evapotranspiration and water usage. Fertilization also resulted in a faster increase in GPP during the green-up period and a sharper decline in GPP during the dry-down period, with less prominent decline response in NPT. Overall, we demonstrated seasonality of vegetation activity was altered after fertilization and the importance of nutrient–water interaction in such water-limited ecosystems. With the projected warming-drying trend, the positive effects of N fertilization induced by N deposition on GPP may be counteracted by an earlier and faster dry-down in particular in areas where the N:P ratio increases, with potential impact on the carbon cycle of water-limited ecosystems.The authors acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for supporting this research with the Max-Planck Prize to Markus Reichstein. Yunpeng Luo and Mirco Migliavacca gratefully acknowledge financial support from the China Scholarship Council. Gerardo Moreno acknowledges financial support from the grant agreement IB16185 of the Regional Government of Extremadura

Focus: Implementing participation - Advancement of social services in analog and digital spaces

Digitale Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien gewinnen als fester Bestandteil zunehmend Bedeutung in den alltäglichen Lebenswelten einer wachsenden Zahl von Menschen. Ihre Entwicklung und selbstverständliche Nutzung schreiten in einem immer rasanteren Tempo voran; die vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten adressieren längst alle Lebensbereiche. Während der Digitalisierung von Kommunikationsprozessen zuweilen demokratisierende Kräfte zugesprochen werden, scheint eine kritische Reflexion möglicher Potentiale und Auswirkungen digitaler Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien auf Teilhabedynamiken in unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen dringend erforderlich. Die Autorinnen und Autoren möchten mit dieser SI:SO-Schwerpunktausgabe einen Beitrag zu einer kritischen Reflexion digitaler Innovationen und ihrer Auswirkungen auf die zukünftige Gestaltung sozialer Dienste leisten. Mit der zweisprachigen Ausgabe ist zudem die Hoffnung verbunden, diesen Beitrag auch einem europäischen und weltweiten Publikum zugänglich zu machen.Digital information and communications technologies are becoming an increasingly important part in everyday life of a growing number of people. Their development and natural use are progressing even faster with a wide range of possible applications addressing all areas of life. While the digitization of communication processes is sometimes said to have democratizing forces, critical reflection on the potential and impact of digital information and communication technologies on participation dynamics in different areas of life seems urgently needed. The Authors would like to contribute to a critical reflection on digital innovations and their impact on the future design of social services. The bilingual edition further aims to make this contribution accessible to a European and global audience

Sektoralisierung als Planungsherausforderung im inklusiven Gemeinwesen

2. Hrsg.: Martin F. Reichstein Förderung durch: Forschungsinstitut für gesellschaftliche Weiterentwicklung (FGW)Seit September 2016 führt das Zentrum für Planung und Evaluation Sozialer Dienste (ZPE) der Universität Siegen das Forschungsprojekt „Koordinationspotenziale kommunaler Teilhabepolitik in der Pflege, Behindertenhilfe und Sozialpsychiatrie (KoKoP)“ durch. Das Projekt wird im Rahmen des Programms „Vorbeugende Sozialpolitik“ des nordrheinwestfä- lischen Forschungsinstituts für Gesellschaftliche Weiterentwicklung (FGW) finanziell gefördert. Ziel des Projektes ist es, anhand empirischer Untersuchungen Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, welche Möglichkeiten für Kommunen bestehen, durch Planung und Koordination die Wirkungen von Teilhabeleistungen in den Leistungsbereichen der Pflege, Behindertenhilfe und Sozialpsychiatrie zu optimieren. Zudem soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie professionelle Hilfen stärker mit informellen Ressourcen im Vor- und Umfeld des Leistungsgeschehens verknüpft werden können. Mögliche Problemquellen werden u.a. in einer ausgeprägten Sektoralisierung des Leistungsgeschehens, mangelnder Kooperation sowie in einer geringen Sozialraumorientierung vermutet. Im Rahmen eines eintägigen Expertenworkshops am 14. November 2017 wurden zum einen Zwischenergebnisse bisheriger Untersuchungen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Zum anderen wurden in drei Arbeitsgruppen zentrale Fragestellungen des Projekts erörtert. Der vorliegende Band ist eine Zusammenschau von Beiträgen einzelner Teilnehmer*innen dieses Workshops

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

The importance of interacting climate modes on Australia’s contribution to global carbon cycle extremes

The global carbon cycle is highly sensitive to climate-driven fluctuations of precipitation, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. This was clearly manifested by a 20% increase of the global terrestrial C sink in 2011 during the strongest sustained La Niña since 1917. However, inconsistencies exist between El Niño/La Niña (ENSO) cycles and precipitation in the historical record; for example, significant ENSO-precipitation correlations were present in only 31% of the last 100 years, and often absent in wet years. To resolve these inconsistencies, we used an advanced temporal scaling method for identifying interactions amongst three key climate modes (El Niño, the Indian Ocean dipole, and the southern annular mode). When these climate modes synchronised (1999-2012), drought and extreme precipitation were observed across Australia. The interaction amongst these climate modes, more than the effect of any single mode, was associated with large fluctuations in precipitation and productivity. The long-term exposure of vegetation to this arid environment has favoured a resilient flora capable of large fluctuations in photosynthetic productivity and explains why Australia was a major contributor not only to the 2011 global C sink anomaly but also to global reductions in photosynthetic C uptake during the previous decade of drought

Invited perspectives: A research agenda towards disaster risk management pathways in multi-(hazard-)risk assessment

Whilst the last decades have seen a clear shift in emphasis from managing natural hazards to managing risk, the majority of natural-hazard risk research still focuses on single hazards. Internationally, there are calls for more attention for multi-hazards and multi-risks. Within the European Union (EU), the concepts of multi-hazard and multi-risk assessment and management have taken centre stage in recent years. In this perspective paper, we outline several key developments in multi-(hazard-)risk research in the last decade, with a particular focus on the EU. We present challenges for multi-(hazard-)risk management as outlined in several research projects and papers. We then present a research agenda for addressing these challenges. We argue for an approach that addresses multi-(hazard-)risk management through the lens of sustainability challenges that cut across sectors, regions, and hazards. In this approach, the starting point is a specific sustainability challenge, rather than an individual hazard or sector, and trade-offs and synergies are examined across sectors, regions, and hazards. We argue for in-depth case studies in which various approaches for multi-(hazard-)risk management are co-developed and tested in practice. Finally, we present a new pan-European research project in which our proposed research agenda will be implemented, with the goal of enabling stakeholders to develop forward-looking disaster risk management pathways that assess trade-offs and synergies of various strategies across sectors, hazards, and spatial scales