Barreiras a prática de atividades físicas: prevalência e fatores associados.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and correlates of barriers to physical activity in a Brazilian city. Methods: A representative sample of individuals aged 20 years was selected following a multiple-stage strategy. Physical activity was evaluated using the leisure-time section of the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Eight barriers were investigated: feel too old to exercise, have an injury or disease, dislike exercising, being too tired to exercise, lack of money, fear of injuries, lack of company, and lack of time. These barriers were chosen after a review of the most-frequently reported barriers to physical activity in the literature, and analysis of the most-frequently reported barriers in two pilot studies using open questions. Results: Eighty-five percent of the 3100 individuals interviewed reported at least one barrier. The barrier with the highest prevalence was lack of money (40.3%), followed by feel too tired to exercise (38.1%), lack of company (32.2%), and lack of time (31.5%). Women, the elderly, and those with worse socioeconomic indicators were more likely to perceive most barriers. A strong dose-response relationship between the number of barriers and physical inactivity was observed. After adjustment for potential confounders, dislike exercising, feel too tired to exercise, lack of money, lack of company, and lack of time were significant predictors of physical inactivity. Conclusion: Although our data arise from a single Brazilian city, they suggest that correlates of physical inactivity between developed and developing countries are different, and therefore, interventions to promote physical activity should use site-specific data. The high rates of the perceived barriers, and the strong association found between them and leisure-time physical activity highlight the need of interventions to help people overcome these barriers.Sem bolsaNão possui resumo

Objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time, extracurricular habits, and IQ in 7 to 8 years old children: Atividade física, tempo sedentário, hábitos extracurriculares e QI em crianças de 7 a 8 anos de idade

The effects of an active lifestyle including extracurricular habits on children’s cognitive function are topics of health and human development, besides that the maintenance of sedentary behavior seems to be related to cognitive function. Considering an active lifestyle, studies present mixed results in terms of cognitive factors, physical activity exposures and tests applied. Existent studies identified that objectively measured physical activity should be more explored to further help elucidate these results since this type of measure assessed by accelerometer provides accurate time spent in free-living daily physical activity. Moreover, children who spend time in specific sedentary activities and have active extracurricular habits present higher academic achievement. Therefore, it was conducted a cross-sectional study in 609 children at 7 and 8 years old from Pelotas, Brazil. WASI scale was applied to evaluate intelligence; total IQ, verbal IQ and execution IQ were considered. Reading practice was associated with verbal IQ and execution IQ and extracurricular physical activities were associated with execution IQ. Accelerometer analyses indicate an association for sedentary time and total IQ and execution IQ. Light PA was inversely associated with execution IQ. Moderate PA was inversely associated with execution IQ and vigorous PA was not associated with IQ. Significant associations were found in the analyses between sedentary time, physical activity, and cognitive function

Validation of the Netherlands physical activity questionnaire in Brazilian children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Physical activity instruments can be subjective or objective. There is a need to assess the reliability of these instruments, especially for researches in children. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Population under study were Brazilian children aged 4 to 11 years old, enrolled in a population-based study. Data collection took place in two distinct moments: 1) application of the NPAQ by face-to-face interviews with mothers' children and 2) utilization of accelerometers by children as the reference method. GT1M Actigraph accelerometer was worn for five consecutive days. Validity analyses were performed by sensitivity and specificity and ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristic) curve.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two hundred and thirty nine children participated in both phases of the study. A total of 73.2% children achieved the recommendation of 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity. The mean and median of the NPAQ score were 25.5 and 26, respectively. The score ranged from 7 to 35 points. The correlation coefficient between the NPAQ and the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activities was 0.27. Based on the area under the ROC curve, the median value presented the best indicators of sensitivity (59.4%) and specificity (60.9%), and the area under curve was 0.63. The predictive capacity of the NPAQ to identify active children was high regardless the cut-off point chosen. This capacity was even higher if the score was higher than 30.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on sensitivity and specificity values, the NPAQ did not show satisfactory validity. The comparison of the reliability of the NPAQ with other instruments is limited, but correlation coefficients found in this study are similar to others. Physical activity level of children estimated from the NPAQ must be interpreted cautiously, and objective measures such as accelerometers should be encouraged.</p

Adrenal collision tumor: Renal carcinoma metastasis within adrenal adenoma

Collision tumors are defined as the presence of two contiguous histologically different lesions composed of benign and/or malignant components. They are infrequent entities and have been reported in various organs and systems. The most common type of collision tumor in the adrenal gland is the association of two benign lesions, adenoma and myelolipoma. Modification in image characteristics or unexpected growth of an adrenal tumor previously characterized as a benign lesion should be suspicious for collision tumor with a new aggressive component. In this article, we present a case of renal carcinoma metastasis within a previously known adrenal adenoma

Jogos teatrais como uma proposta de produção simplificada no ensino de inglês para crianças: uma perspectiva textual

Este artigo objetivou investigar a prática de jogos teatrais em sala de aula de língua inglesa para crianças por intermédio do dispositivo sequência didática (DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004), como organizador do ensino a partir do gênero textual história infantil (TONELLI, 2005). As atividades sugeridas tiveram por objetivo compor as produções simplificadas que devem ocorrer entre os módulos, de modo a auxiliar a aprendizagem da língua por meio do gênero textual pelos alunos

Can off-training physical behaviors influence recovery in athletes? A sccoping review

Recently, the attention on recovery in sport increased enormously although there is lack of scientific evidence on the role of lifestyle in terms of movement [i.e., physical behaviors (PBs)], apart from sleep. Few studies assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in athletes. The aims of this scoping review were to answer to the following scientific questions: (1) How active/inactive are competitive athletes out of training? (2) Do off-training PBs affect recovery, performance, and health? (3) What strategies can be implemented to improve recovery using off-training PBs, apart from sleep? From 1,116 potentially relevant articles, nine were eligible for inclusion in this review. The main issues identified were related to the heterogeneity concerning the types of sports, age category, gender, competitive level, sample size, and instruments/devices adopted, the paucity of studies investigating the effects of PBs while awake on recovery, and the lack of experimental designs manipulating PBs while awake to accelerate recovery. Furthermore, PA and SB domains were rarely investigated, while no research articles focused on the combined effect of 24-h PBs. Eight out of nine studies measured PA, seven SB, and two included sleep. Three studies included training practice into PA measurement by the means of accelerometry. Overall, almost the totality of the athletes achieved recommended PA levels although they sustained prolonged SB. In conclusion, more descriptive researches are needed in different athletic populations and settings. Furthermore, experimental designs aimed at investigating the effects of PBs manipulation on recovery and the putative mechanisms are encouraged

Correlates of Heart Rate Measures with Incidental Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overweight Female Workers

[EN] Previous studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) levels and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) impact on the autonomic control of heart rate (HR). However, previous studies evaluating PA levels did not discriminate between incidental PA and regular exercise. We hypothesized that incidental PA “per se” would influence cardiac autonomic indices as assessed via HR variability (HRV) and HR recovery (HRR) in non-exercisers. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between objective PA levels, CRF, and cardiac autonomic indices in adult, regular non-exercising female workers. After familiarization with procedures and evaluation of body composition, 21 women completed a submaximal cycling test and evaluation of HRR on four different days. Resting (2-min seated and standing) and ambulatory (4-h) HRV were also recorded. Levels of PA were assessed by accelerometry over five consecutive days (i.e., Wednesday to Sunday). Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured as an index of CRF. As reliability was low to moderate for most HR measures, relationships between these and PA and CRF were examined using the 4-day average measures. Significant correlations were identified between post-exercise HRR in the first min with various PA indices (daily moderate PA, daily vigorous PA, and the sum of vigorous and very vigorous daily PA). Additionally, VO2max was significantly correlated to HRV but not to HRR. The current results indicated that CRF was influential in enhancing HRV while incidental or non-exercise based PA was associated with greater autonomic reactivation in adult overweight women. Therefore, both CRF and non-exercise based PA contribute significant but diverse effects on cardiac health. The use of 4-day averages instead of single measures for evaluation of autonomic control of HR may provide a better indication of regular cardiac autonomic function that remains to be refined

Sistemas de manejo do solo e sua influência no banco de sementes de plantas daninhas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the density and composition of the soil weed seed bank when bean, corn, and soybean are cultivated in the no-tillage system (NTS) in rotation with winter cover crop species and in the conventional tillage system (CTS). The experiment was installed in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. The evaluation of the seed bank was performed on soil samples (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in four points of each experimental unit, at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of cultivation. Bean, corn, and soybean crops were sown in the NTS with different soil cover crops in rotation, as well as in the CTS. The NTS provided a more dense and abundant soil seed bank of the species Gnaphalium spicatum and Oxalis corniculata when corn, soybean, and bean were cultivated. The species Lolium multiflorum showed lower density and less seeds in the soil seed bank when the NTS was adopted. The use of the winter cover crops black oat and cow vetch, cultivated individually or in consortium, resulted in a lower density of weed species, especially of L. multiflorum. The NTS provides a lower density of weed species in the soil seed bank than the CTS.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade e a composição do banco de sementes de plantas daninhas do solo ao se cultivar feijão, milho e soja no sistema plantio direto (SPD), em rotação com espécies de cobertura de inverno, e no sistema plantio convencional (SPC). O experimento foi instalado em campo, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A contagem do banco de sementes foi realizada em amostras de solo (0–10 e 10–20 cm) em quatro pontos de cada unidade experimental, aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias de cultivo. As culturas de feijão, milho e soja foram semeadas no SPD com diferentes coberturas vegetais do solo em rotação, bem como no SPC. O SPD proporcionou banco de sementes do solo com maior densidade e abundância das espécies Gnaphalium spicatum e Oxalis corniculata com o cultivo de milho, soja e feijão. A espécie Lolium multiflorum teve menor densidade e menos sementes no banco do solo ao se adotar o SPD. O uso das coberturas de inverno aveia-preta e ervilhaca, em cultivo isolado ou em consórcio, proporcionou menor densidade de espécies de plantas daninhas, em especial de L. multiflorum. O SPD proporciona menor densidade de espécies de plantas daninhas no banco de sementes do solo que o SPC

Correlates of heart rate measures with incidental physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight female workers

Previous studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) levels and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) impact on the autonomic control of heart rate (HR). However, previous studies evaluating PA levels did not discriminate between incidental PA and regular exercise. We hypothesized that incidental PA "per se" would influence cardiac autonomic indices as assessed via HR variability (HRV) and HR recovery (HRR) in non-exercisers. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between objective PA levels, CRF, and cardiac autonomic indices in adult, regular non-exercising female workers. After familiarization with procedures and evaluation of body composition, 21 women completed a submaximal cycling test and evaluation of HRR on four different days. Resting (2-min seated and standing) and ambulatory (4-h) HRV were also recorded. Levels of PA were assessed by accelerometry over five consecutive days (i.e., Wednesday to Sunday). Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured as an index of CRF. As reliability was low to moderate for most HR measures, relationships between these and PA and CRF were examined using the 4-day average measures. Significant correlations were identified between post-exercise HRR in the first min with various PA indices (daily moderate PA, daily vigorous PA, and the sum of vigorous and very vigorous daily PA). Additionally, VO2max was significantly correlated to HRV but not to HRR. The current results indicated that CRF was influential in enhancing HRV while incidental or non-exercise based PA was associated with greater autonomic reactivation in adult overweight women. Therefore, both CRF and non-exercise based PA contribute significant but diverse effects on cardiac health. The use of 4-day averages instead of single measures for evaluation of autonomic control of HR may provide a better indication of regular cardiac autonomic function that remains to be refined

Infancy and childhood growth and physical activity in adolescence: prospective birth cohort study from Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis suggests that intrauterine, infancy and early childhood variables play a key role at programming later health. However, little is known on the programming of behavioral variables, because most studies so far focused on chronic disease-related and human capital outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal, infancy and childhood weight and length/height gains on objectively-measured physical activity (PA) in adolescence. METHODS: This is a prospective birth cohort study in Pelotas, Brazil, including 457 adolescents (mean age: 13.3 years) with weight and length/height data at birth, one, three and six months, one and four years of age. PA was measured using a GT1M Actigraph accelerometer, and expressed as (a) minutes per day spent on sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous and very-vigorous activities; (b) total counts per day. RESULTS: 61.3% of the adolescents accumulated 60+ minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA per day. Weight and length/height trajectories in infancy and childhood were similar between those classified as active or inactive at 13.3 years. However, those classified as inactive were heavier and taller at all ages; differences were statistically significant only in terms of length at three, six and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Weight gain in infancy and childhood did not predict variability in adolescent PA, but those active in adolescence showed somewhat smaller average gains in length in infancy. These findings suggest that PA may partially be sensitive to early hormonal programming, or that genetic factors may affect both early growth and later metabolism or predisposition for PA.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are