Stand-to-sit motion in older women

Objectives : The aims of this study were to examine the biomechanics of StandTS movements in older adults and to identify their optimal StandTS motion by measuring sitting impact forces. Methods : Healthy older women (n = 17) and healthy young women (n = 18) were asked to perform SitTS and StandTS motions at a natural speed using a chair. We measured the ground reaction forces from the participants’ feet and the chair, the angle of the trunk and ankle, vertical velocity, and postural muscle activities using a force plate, motion analyzer, and electromyography, respectively. Results : Sitting impact force was significantly greater in the older women than in the young women during the StandTS motion. There was a significant difference between the trunk angle and the ankle angle during the StandTS motion and sitting impact force had a significant negative correlation with the ankle joint motion in the older women. Conclusions : The ankle joint strategy was characterized by body sway resembling a single-segment-inverted pendulum and suggests that this response is less developed in the older adult. These results indicate that the ankle joint strategy may be an important factor involved in the sitting impact force

ノウコウソク ノ チリョウ セイセキ ワ ナゼ コウジョウ シナイ ノカ : 10ネンカン ノ ヤマガタケン ノウソッチュウ トウロク データ カラ ノ ヨゴ フリョウ インシ ノ ケントウ

　We studied ten years of stroke data registered with the Yamagata Society on Treatment for Cerebral Stroke（YSTCS）. The subjects included 16,407 cases of acute-phase cerebral infarction that were registered with the YSTCS during the ten years between 2002 and 2011. The cases were divided into two groups: the early phase group（2002-2006）and the late phase group（2007-2011）.　The clinical diagnoses included atherothrombotic cerebral infarction（AT）（n=7,196; 43.9%）, cardiogenic cerebral embolism（CE）（n=4,011; 24.4%）, and lacunar infarction（LI）（n=4,703; 28.7%）. The average age of the early phase group was 72.7±11.43 years, while that of the late phase group was 75.0±11.35 years; the difference was statistically significant. The proportion of CE cases increased in the late phase, while that of LI decreased. This phenomenon was more marked in cases involving patients of ≥80 years of age. In both the early and late phase groups, the AT and CE cases showed a significantly high proportion of poor outcomes. However, when age adjustment was implemented in the late phase group, the treatment outcomes improved across all clinical entities. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between old age, female sex, severe symptoms at onset, CE, a previous history of stroke, and a poor prognosis.　It is clear that developments in medicine have not kept pace with the advancement in the age at onset. The improvement of the outcomes of treatment for cerebral infarction requires further developments in acute-phase therapies and the primary prevention of cardiogenic cerebral embolism, many cases of which are severe

Low-Dose Intravenous Alteplase in Wake-Up Stroke

Background and Purpose—We assessed whether lower-dose alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg is efficacious and safe for acute fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-negative stroke with unknown time of onset. Methods—This was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, open-label, blinded-end point trial. Patients met the standard indication criteria for intravenous thrombolysis other than a time last-known-well >4.5 hours (eg, wake-up stroke). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg or standard medical treatment if magnetic resonance imaging showed acute ischemic lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging and no marked corresponding hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. The primary outcome was a favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1). Results—Following the early stop and positive results of the WAKE-UP trial (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke), this trial was prematurely terminated with 131 of the anticipated 300 patients (55 women; mean age, 74.4±12.2 years). Favorable outcome was comparable between the alteplase group (32/68, 47.1%) and the control group (28/58, 48.3%; relative risk [RR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.68–1.41]; P=0.892). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 22 to 36 hours occurred in 1/71 and 0/60 (RR, infinity [95% CI, 0.06 to infinity]; P>0.999), respectively. Death at 90 days occurred in 2/71 and 2/60 (RR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.06–12.58]; P>0.999), respectively. Conclusions—No difference in favorable outcome was seen between alteplase and control groups among patients with ischemic stroke with unknown time of onset. The safety of alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg was comparable to that of standard treatment. Early study termination precludes any definitive conclusions

EWSR1-ATF1融合遺伝子を持つ歯原性明細胞癌細胞株の樹立と性状解析

Objective: Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor (MOT) characterized by sheets and lobules of vacuolated and clear cells. To understand the biology of CCOC, we established a new cell line, CCOC-T, with EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene from a mandible tumor with distant metastasis and characterized this cell line. Materials and methods: To detect the EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene, we used three CCOC cases, including the present case, by RT-PCR and FISH analysis. We characterized established CCOC-T cells by checking cell growth, invasion and the expression of odontogenic factors and bone-related factors. Moreover, the gene expression profile of CCOC-T cells was examined by microarray analysis. Results: Histologically, the primary tumor was comprised of cords and nests containing clear and squamoid cells separated by fibrous septa. In addition, ameloblastomatous islands with palisaded peripheral cells were observed, indicating probable odontogenic origin. This tumor expressed the fusion gene EWSR1-ATF1, which underlies the etiology of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) and potentially that of CCOC. We found a breakpoint in the EWSR1-ATF1 fusion to be the same as that reported in HCCC. Established CCOC-T cells grew extremely slowly, but the cells showed highly invasive activity. Moreover, CCOC-T cells expressed bone-related molecules, odontogenic factors, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the establishment of a CCOC cell line. CCOC-T cells serve as a useful in vitro model for understanding the pathogenesis and nature of MOT

Dual Face of Vγ9Vδ2-T Cells in Tumor Immunology: Anti- versus Pro-Tumoral Activities

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