Boldogságmérés az iskolában

Felnőttek esetén a szubjektív jóllét és a mentális egészség mérésére számos kérdőív áll rendelkezésre, de gyermekek esetén ilyen teszteknek szűkében vagyunk. A szubjektív jóllét mérése iskolai környezetben is fontos, magyar nyelvű teszt azonban az általános iskolai korosztály számára nem áll rendelkezésre. A jelen tanulmány célja Ivens (2007) e célra kialakított tesztjének magyarra adaptálása (IGYBH), illetve egy öt pilléren (jóllét, savoring, alkotó-végrehajtó hatékonyság, önreguláció, reziliencia) nyugvó felnőtt magyar mentális egészség teszt, a MET 10–14 éves korosztályra adaptálása. Az elvégzett pszichometriai elemzések igazolták mindkét teszt szerkezeti megfelelőségét 10 éves kor fölött, és pozitív eredményeket kaptunk a két teszt validitásával kapcsolatban is. Érdekes eredményként adódott, hogy magasabb osztályokban a tanulók szubjektívjóllét-szintje alacsonyabb. Subjective well-being(SWB)and mental health have been studied amongst adults using a variety of self- reported methods. However, there are available relatively few tests of SWB for children. Measuring SWB is also important in the school environment, but there is no valid and reliable Hungarian scale for elementary schoolchildren. The aim of the study presented in this paper was to adapt the School Children’s Happiness Inventory (Ivens, 2007) to Hungarian, and to adapt the Mental Health Test developed for adults and based on five pillars (well-being, savoring, creative-executive effectiveness, self-regulation and resilience) for schoolchildren aged 10 to 14. Above the age of 10, the psychometric properties of both tests confirmed their structural reliability and supported their validity. An interesting result is that SWB is in a negative relationship with age among school children

Veno-venous two-site cannulation versus veno-venous double lumen ECMO: complications and survival in infants with respiratory failure

Objective. To compare complications and survival between the two-site veno-venous versus the veno-venous double lumen extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in infants with respiratory failure. Methods. The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO, Ann Arbor, Michigan) provided the registry database, collected between 1999-2009 for this research project. During this period, 9086 infants 7 kg birth weight (BW) were treated with ECMO. From these children, those who were older than 32 days and received veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO), were extracted for analysis. From a total of 270 infants who met the inclusion criteria, 236 infants were treated with veno-venous double lumen (VVDL) ECMO and 34 infants received VV two-site ECMO. ELSO records were reviewed for the following information: demographic data, type of ventilation, ventilator days and settings during ECMO, complications during ECMO and survival. Results. Eighty-seven percent (n=236) of infants were cannulated with VVDL and 13% (n=34) with VV two-site cannulation. Twenty-four hours after ECMO onset, ventilator settings were significantly higher in the VV two-site group. Median ECMO duration was significantly shorter in the VV two-site group (137(90/208) vs. 203(128/336) hours, p=0.01). Total complication rate and survival rates (71% in the VVDL group and 56% in the VV two-site group) were not significantly different. Conclusion. Both cannulation modes for ECMO are safe for use in infants with respiratory failure. The decision regarding which technique should be used for this group of patients depends mainly on best practice experience of the individual ECMO center and on the technical equipment routinely used by the center

Measuring school happiness among hungarian elementary schoolchildren

Subjective well-being (SWB) has been studied among adults using a variety of selfreported methods. However, there are relatively few tests of SWB available for children. Measuring SWB is also important in the school environment, but there is no valid and reliable Hungarian test for elementary schoolchildren. The aim of the study presented in this paper was to adapt the School Children’s Happiness Inventory (Ivens, 2007) to Hungarian and to construct a shorter version of the test. A multistep test reduction yielded a 12 items version that had excellent fit measures in confirmative factor analysis and high level Cronbach’s alphas in all grade groups. The validity of the new test was confirmed by means of a mental health test also developed for children. Concordant validity was confirmed by the significant correlations between the subscales of the new test and the Flow item of the mental health test. An interesting additional result is that SWB is in a negative relationship with age among schoolchildren

Trihalomethanes in drinking water and bladder cancer burden in the European Union

Abstract Background: Trihalomethanes (THMs) are widespread disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water, and long-term exposure has been consistently associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Objective: We assessed THM levels in drinking water in the European Union as a marker of DBP exposure and estimated the attributable burden of bladder cancer. Methods: We collected recent annual mean THM levels in municipal drinking water in 28 European countries (EU28) from routine monitoring records. We estimated a linear exposure–response function for average residential THM levels and bladder cancer by pooling data from studies included in the largest international pooled analysis published to date in order to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for bladder cancer associated with the mean THM level in each country (relative to no exposure), population-attributable fraction (PAF), and number of attributable bladder cancer cases in different scenarios using incidence rates and population from the Global Burden of Disease study of 2016. Results: We obtained 2005–2018 THM data from EU26, covering 75% of the population. Data coverage and accuracy were heterogeneous among countries. The estimated population-weighted mean THM level was 11.7μg/L [standard deviation (SD) of 11.2]. The estimated bladder cancer PAF was 4.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5, 7.1] overall (range: 0–23%), accounting for 6,561 (95% CI: 3,389, 9,537) bladder cancer cases per year. Denmark and the Netherlands had the lowest PAF (0.0% each), while Cyprus (23.2%), Malta (17.9%), and Ireland (17.2%) had the highest among EU26. In the scenario where no country would exceed the current EU mean, 2,868 (95% CI: 1,522, 4,060; 43%) annual attributable bladder cancer cases could potentially be avoided. Discussion: Efforts have been made to reduce THM levels in the European Union. However, assuming a causal association, current levels in certain countries still could lead to a considerable burden of bladder cancer that could potentially be avoided by optimizing water treatment, disinfection, and distribution practices, among other possible measures