From a Distance

An exhibition of very large scale documentary photographs of the Elephant and Castle exhibited at London College of Communication. From a Distance was a commission given to photographer Paul Reas to respond to the regeneration of the Elephant and Castle in south London. Paul Reas was chosen for his track record of personal, socially committed documentary work. From a Distance forms part of the Elephant Vanishes project, a long-term documentation of the changes facing this area. The exhibition was curated by Patrick Sutherland and Paul Reas and co-curated by Monica Takvam and the accompanying catalogue (Fieldstudy 16) was edited by Patrick Sutherland and Monica Takvam, with a commissioned essay by Giles Fraser, the Guardian's "Loose Canon" columnist. Installation shots by Monica Takvam

Using Eye Tracking and Electroencephalography to Understand the Efficacy of Digital and Static Outdoor Advertisements

Abstract de la ponencia[EN] This study discusses the contributions of advanced eye tracking research combined with electroencephalography (EEG) as a method of understanding the cognitive processing of digital vs. static outdoor advertisements. Subjects were exposed to a variety of billboard advertisements on a section of Interstate freeway in a suburban area in the western United States. Results showed that visual fixation time was higher for digital advertisements compared to static advertisements. In particular, the eye-tracking data revealed which advertisements received the most attention. This was mainly dependent upon location (i.e. distance from driver, distance from adjacent traffic signs, etc.). As eye-tracking systems have become more sophisticated and affordable, there has been an increasing interest in the use of eye tracking within the traffic safety and outdoor advertising domain (Perez & Bertola, 2010). Eye tracking studies that have focused on web-based and driving stimuli have gathered eye-movement data while participants were engaged in lowattention settings (Lee and Ahn, 2012). The findings of these studies have indicated that digital and animated advertisements, in low attention settings, reduce the likelihood of mental recall and result in overall decreased cognitive engagement. Twenty-five subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 participated in the study. A 16 mile (25.75 kilometer) freeway drive was videotaped and then projected onto a four-by-six-foot screen. Subjects then viewed the projected video from inside a stationary car to simulate a driving environment. Using Tobii2 Glasses eye tracking system, subjects’ eye-movements and gaze patterns were recorded during the simulation. EEG data was also collected to measure the subject’s emotional response, and to gain additional insight into how they felt about the advertisements. In addition, participants were asked immediately after their drive to list any advertisements they recalled. These findings provide indications for best practices of effective outdoor advertising using gaze pattern analysis. These include positioning, layout, color schemes, etc. A potential implication for digital advertisements could be identifying the optimal length of time to display digital signage. Additionally, the results may suggest improvements in specific industry ads in order to maximize cognitive influence on consumer action (e.g. best times to display food and beverage advertisements). From a traffic safety consideration, these results will provide a psychological understanding of whether or not outdoor advertisements present safety implications to drivers. Overall, findings provide a better understanding of digital and static outdoor advertising as it relates to safety and consumer behavior. The results of this study may have significant implications in both the private and public sectors.Reas, B.; Dishman, P.; Mc Carter, A.; Jolley, AD. (2016). Using Eye Tracking and Electroencephalography to Understand the Efficacy of Digital and Static Outdoor Advertisements. En CARMA 2016: 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods in Analytics. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 168-169. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2016.2015.3109OCS16816

Defining recovery from an eating disorder: Conceptualization, validation, and examination of psychosocial functioning and psychiatric comorbidity

Conceptually, eating disorder recovery should include physical, behavioral, and psychological components, but such a comprehensive approach has not been consistently employed. Guided by theory and recent recovery research, we identified a “fully recovered” group (n=20) based on physical (body mass index), behavioral (absence of eating disorder behaviors), and psychological (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire) indices, and compared them with groups of partially recovered (n=15), active eating disorder (n=53), and healthy controls (n=67). The fully recovered group was indistinguishable from controls on all eating disorder-related measures used, while the partially recovered group was less disordered than the active eating disorder group on some measures, but not on body image. Regarding psychosocial functioning, both the fully and partially recovered groups had psychosocial functioning similar to the controls, but there was a pattern of more of the partially recovered group reporting eating disorder aspects interfering with functioning. Regarding other psychopathology, the fully recovered group was no more likely than the controls to experience current Axis I pathology, but they did have elevated rates of current anxiety disorder. Results suggest that a stringent definition of recovery from an eating disorder is meaningful. Clinical implications and future directions regarding defining eating disorder recovery are discussed