Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrolysis of Benzimidazolylcarbamates

Synthesis of new 2-aminobenzimidazole-1-carbamates was accomplished by carbamoylation of 2-aminobenzimidazole using different substituted phenyl chloroformates. The aqueous hydrolysis of the new compounds was examined in the pH range 1-13 at 25 oC. The evaluated kinetic parameters led to the conclusion that up to pH 4 reaction proceeds by a bimolecular attack of water to the N-protonated substrate. This is the first time this behavior is described for carbamates, and can be ascribed to the higher basicity of the benzimidazolyl moiety when compared with the carbonyl oxygen. For higher values of pH, the results are consistent with a BAc2 mechanism with nucleophilic catalysis, but while between pH 4 and pH 7 water acts as the nucleophile, for pH> 7 the hydroxide ion is the acting species

Timely-automatic procedure for estimating the endocardial limits of the left ventricle assessed echocardiographically in clinical practice

In this paper, we propose an analytical rapid method to estimate the endocardial borders of the left ventricular walls on echocardiographic images for prospective clinical integration. The procedure was created as a diagnostic support tool for the clinician and it is based on the use of the anisotropic generalized Hough transform. Its application is guided by a Gabor-like filtering for the approximate delimitation of the region of interest without the need for computing further anatomical characteristics. The algorithm is applying directly a deformable template on the predetermined filtered region and therefore it is responsive and straightforward implementable. For accuracy considerations, we have employed a support vector machine classifier to determine the confidence level of the automated marking. The clinical tests were performed at the Cardiology Clinic of the County Emergency Hospital Timisoara and they improved the physicians perception in more than 50% of the cases. The report is concluded with medical discussions.European Union (UE)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). Españ

Generating Second Order (Co)homological Information within AT-Model Context

In this paper we design a new family of relations between (co)homology classes, working with coefficients in a field and starting from an AT-model (Algebraic Topological Model) AT(C) of a finite cell complex C These relations are induced by elementary relations of type “to be in the (co)boundary of” between cells. This high-order connectivity information is embedded into a graph-based representation model, called Second Order AT-Region-Incidence Graph (or AT-RIG) of C. This graph, having as nodes the different homology classes of C, is in turn, computed from two generalized abstract cell complexes, called primal and dual AT-segmentations of C. The respective cells of these two complexes are connected regions (set of cells) of the original cell complex C, which are specified by the integral operator of AT(C). In this work in progress, we successfully use this model (a) in experiments for discriminating topologically different 3D digital objects, having the same Euler characteristic and (b) in designing a parallel algorithm for computing potentially significant (co)homological information of 3D digital objects.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MTM2016-81030-PMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-0

Strength curves for web crippling design of cold-formed stainless steel hat sections

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Thin-Walled Structures on 02/09/2014, available online: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263823114002341?via%3Dihub The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.The web crippling design guides are based on empirical adjustments of available test data. These equations differ from the basic concept underpinning most of the other instabilities, the so-called strength curves. This investigation presents a new design approach for web crippling design of stainless steel hat sections based on strength curves controlled by slenderness-based functions ��(). The effects of web crippling on such cross-sections were studied numerically and the obtained results were used to derive the design expressions. Comparisons with tests and FE data, and with design guides show that the proposed design approach provides more accurate web crippling resistance.Research Fund for Coal and Stee

Combined Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation on Sea Surface Temperature in the Alborán Sea

We explored the possible effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) on interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the Albora´n Sea, both separately and combined. The probability of observing mean annual SST values higher than average was related to NAO and AO values of the previous year. The effect of NAO on SST was negative, while that of AO was positive. The pure effects of NAO and AO on SST are obscuring each other, due to the positive correlation between them. When decomposing SST, NAO and AO in seasonal values, we found that variation in mean annual SST and mean winter SST was significantly related to the mean autumn NAO of the previous year, while mean summer SST was related to mean autumn AO of the previous year. The one year delay in the effect of the NAO and AO on the SST could be partially related to the amount of accumulated snow, as we found a significant correlation between the total snow in the North Albora´n watershed for a year with the annual average SST of the subsequent year. A positive AO implies a colder atmosphere in the Polar Regions, which could favour occasional cold waves over the Iberian Peninsula which, when coupled with precipitations favoured by a negative NAO, may result in snow precipitation. This snow may be accumulated in the high peaks and melt down in spring-summer of the following year, which consequently increases the runoff of freshwater to the sea, which in turn causes a diminution of sea surface salinity and density, and blocks the local upwelling of colder water, resulting in a higher SST.CGL2009-11316 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain, and FEDER

Modern estates and the production of Lisbon’s suburbs: From the planned to the lived neighbourhood

Alto da Barra and Portela are two modern estates designed by the same architect and located on two sides of the periphery of Lisbon: the west side, Costa do Sol, where the river meets the Atlantic and the east, with no label, which is upstream. The estates were planned and built in the same period (1960s to 1970s), the height of Lisbon’s urban development. This article presents a comparative analysis of these estates: their plans, implementation, social appropriation and resilience, by exploring the sociological profile and place-attachment perceptions of their inhabitants. The analysis also contextualises the development of the estates within the consolidation of these two quite different Lisbon peripheries: the west side traditionally highly valued in relation to the east. An intensive methodology was developed—case studies of the two estates—combining quantitative (survey, inter-census analysis) and qualitative (interviews and documentary analysis) methods. In addition to the differences between the two estates, which were largely due to their specificities in terms of geographic location and status, both reveal significant feelings of place-attachment and a rejection of the suburbia label.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Eco–geographical characterization of aquatic microhabitats used by amphibians in the Mediterranean Basin

Caracterización ecogeográfica de los microhábitats acuáticos utilizados por los anfibios en la cuenca mediterránea Los ecosistemas de agua dulce de pequeño tamaño, independientemente de su origen natural o artificial, constituyen microhábitats acuáticos de gran valor para muchas especies, especialmente en la región mediterránea. En este estudio se caracterizan los microhábitats acuáticos disponibles para la reproducción de los anfibios en la cuenca mediterránea andaluza y se identifican las características ambientales y geográficas que determinan la presencia de las distintas especies de anfibios en ellos. Se utilizaron modelos de favorabilidad geográfica y ambiental para determinar la relación entre las características de los microhábitats y la presencia de especies. Las características analizadas fueron la ubicación geográfica, el ambiente externo (clima y topografía), las condiciones del entorno (conectividad y conservación), el tipo de masa de agua, las condiciones del agua y las dimensiones de la masa de agua. Los microhábitats ubicados en la parte occidental y central de la zona de estudio fueron geográficamente favorables para la mayoría de las especies. En orden decreciente, los factores ambientales más comunes que caracterizaron los microhábitats fueron la tipología, las condiciones del entorno, las condiciones del agua, el ambiente externo y el tamaño de la masa de agua. Las variables más comunes en los modelos fueron la conectividad entre las masas de agua y un tipo de microhábitat frecuente en zonas de cultivos tradicionales: los pozos antiguos. Los planes de gestión deberían tener en cuenta estos resultados en las iniciativas encaminadas a conservar estos hábitats para la fauna y especialmente para los anfibios.Small freshwater ecosystems, whether natural or artificial origin, are aquatic microhabitats for many species and are particularly important in the Mediterranean region. This study characterizes the aquatic microhabitats suitable for amphibian reproduction in the Andalusian Mediterranean Basin and identifies the environmental and geographical features that determine the presence of different amphibian species in these water bodies. Geographical and environmental favourability models were performed to determine the relationship between characteristics of the microhabitats and species presence. The characteristics analysed were geographical location, external environment (climate and topography), surrounding conditions (connectivity and conservation), type of water body, water conditions, and water dimensions. Microhabitats located in the western and central part of the study area were geographically favourable for most species. In descending order, the most common environmental factors characterizing the microhabitats were typology, surrounding conditions, water condition, external environment and size of the water body. The most common variables in the models were the connectivity between water bodies and old wells, a frequent type of microhabitat in areas of traditional cultures. Management plans should take these results into account in efforts to preserve these habitats for wildlife and especially amphibians.Caracterización ecogeográfica de los microhábitats acuáticos utilizados por los anfibios en la cuenca mediterránea Los ecosistemas de agua dulce de pequeño tamaño, independientemente de su origen natural o artificial, constituyen microhábitats acuáticos de gran valor para muchas especies, especialmente en la región mediterránea. En este estudio se caracterizan los microhábitats acuáticos disponibles para la reproducción de los anfibios en la cuenca mediterránea andaluza y se identifican las características ambientales y geográficas que determinan la presencia de las distintas especies de anfibios en ellos. Se utilizaron modelos de favorabilidad geográfica y ambiental para determinar la relación entre las características de los microhábitats y la presencia de especies. Las características analizadas fueron la ubicación geográfica, el ambiente externo (clima y topografía), las condiciones del entorno (conectividad y conservación), el tipo de masa de agua, las condiciones del agua y las dimensiones de la masa de agua. Los microhábitats ubicados en la parte occidental y central de la zona de estudio fueron geográficamente favorables para la mayoría de las especies. En orden decreciente, los factores ambientales más comunes que caracterizaron los microhábitats fueron la tipología, las condiciones del entorno, las condiciones del agua, el ambiente externo y el tamaño de la masa de agua. Las variables más comunes en los modelos fueron la conectividad entre las masas de agua y un tipo de microhábitat frecuente en zonas de cultivos tradicionales: los pozos antiguos. Los planes de gestión deberían tener en cuenta estos resultados en las iniciativas encaminadas a conservar estos hábitats para la fauna y especialmente para los anfibios

Coordination polymers undergoing spin crossover and reversible ligand exchange in the solid

Here we report the synthesis and characterisation of a polymer made up of a system of parallel 2-D grids of Fe(II) ions linked by [Au(CN)2]– bridges and its transformation into a new system of three interpenetrated 3-D coordination open frameworks with the NbO topology. Reversibility of this crystal-to-crystal transformation is evidenced by X-ray crystallographic data and from their spin crossover properties.Real Cabezos, Jose Antonio, [email protected]