Immunocytochemical analysis of the stage-specific distribution of collagen in the cuticle of Meloidogyne incognita

Il a été porduit un antisérum polyclonal dirigé contre la protéine majeure du collagène (76 kDa) extraite de la cuticule de femelles adultes de #Meloidogyne incognita. La composition en acides aminés de cette protéine est semblable à celle du collagène d'autres nématodes. Parmi les protéines extraites de la cuticule de femelles adultes de #Meloidogyne et solubles dans le bêta-mercaptoéthanol, deux protéines du collagène (Mr 76 et 140 kDa) ainsi que plusieurs protéines du collagène de junéviles de deuxième stade (J2), réagissent au cours d'analyse Western blot avec des anticorps polyclonaux. L'antisérum polyclonal a été utilisé en microscopie électronique pour localiser le collagène dans la cuticule de différents stades et dans la paroi de l'oeuf. Chez les J2 libres et les adultes mâles, où la cuticule est formée de trois couches distinctes, un marquage, intense, par l'or ne concerne que la couche corticale, et non l'épicuticule, la couche médiane ou la couche basale striée. Chez les J2 sédentaires enflés, dont la cuticule est de structure homogène, les particules d'or sont réparties dans toute la profondeur de la cuticule. Les particules d'or sont également uniformément réparties dans toute l'épaisseur de la cuticule des femelles adultes, y compris après purification au SDS. Dans la paroi de l'oeuf, le marquage à l'or est visible à la surface de la couche chitineuse. (Résumé d'auteur

Computer-Cognition of Natural Scenes Outline of a Project

Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems Laborator

ISL - A String Manipulating Language

Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryJoint Services Electronics Program / DAAB 07-67-C-019

ISL - A New Programming Language for Information Retrieval

Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryJoint Services Electronics Program / DAAB-07-67-C-0199Office of Education / OE C-1-7-071213-455

"The fruits of independence": Satyajit Ray, Indian nationhood and the spectre of empire

Challenging the longstanding consensus that Satyajit Ray's work is largely free of ideological concerns and notable only for its humanistic richness, this article shows with reference to representations of British colonialism and Indian nationhood that Ray's films and stories are marked deeply and consistently by a distinctively Bengali variety of liberalism. Drawn from an ongoing biographical project, it commences with an overview of the nationalist milieu in which Ray grew up and emphasizes the preoccupation with colonialism and nationalism that marked his earliest unfilmed scripts. It then shows with case studies of Kanchanjangha (1962), Charulata (1964), First Class Kamra (First-Class Compartment, 1981), Pratidwandi (The Adversary, 1970), Shatranj ke Khilari (The Chess Players, 1977), Agantuk (The Stranger, 1991) and Robertsoner Ruby (Robertson's Ruby, 1992) how Ray's mature work continued to combine a strongly anti-colonial viewpoint with a shifting perspective on Indian nationhood and an unequivocal commitment to cultural cosmopolitanism. Analysing how Ray articulated his ideological positions through the quintessentially liberal device of complexly staged debates that were apparently free, but in fact closed by the scenarist/director on ideologically specific notes, this article concludes that Ray's reputation as an all-forgiving, ‘everybody-has-his-reasons’ humanist is based on simplistic or even tendentious readings of his work

Studies on the Interactions Between Fungicides, Alternaria tenuissima, Cladosporium herbarum and Microdochium spp., on Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) Development and Deoxynivalenol (DON) Concentration in Grain Caused by Fusarium culmorum

Saprophytic microflora and non-toxin producing Microdochium spp. capable of causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) have been suggested to affect the development of FHB caused by Fusarium spp., the occurrence of mycotoxins and the efficacy of fungicides for the control of the disease. The effects of metconazole and azoxystrobin on the interactions between Fusarium culmorum and Microdochium spp., Alternaria tenuissima or Cladosporium herbarum on FHB symptom development, Tri5 DNA concentration and deoxynivalenol (DON) production were studied under glasshouse conditions. Results indicated that the sequence of infection of wheat heads and the relative timing of fungicide application can significantly affect FHB severity and the resulting mycotoxin contamination of harvested grain. Introduction of A. tenuissima, C. herbarum or Microdochium spp. to wheat heads at GS 57 before inoculation with F. culmorum at GS 65 generally resulted in increased FHB severity, Tri5 DNA and DON concentration in harvested grain. The greatest increases of FHB severity (266%), Tri5 DNA (79%) and DON (152%) were observed when Microdochium spp. were introduced first at GS 57 and F. culmorum inoculation followed at GS 65. Metconazole generally reduced FHB severity, Tri5 DNA and DON concentration in grain but azoxystrobin was most efficient at reducing DNA of Microdochium spp. in grain

A meta‐analysis of published studies of endothelial dysfunction does not support its routine clinical use

Summary Background Endothelial dysfunction is a marker of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore studied the association between endothelial dysfunction and CVD under diverse circumstances. Methods and results Literature-based meta-analysis of prospective observational studies with ≥ 12 months of follow-up published in Medline and having information on endothelial function and CVD outcomes. Tabular data on participant characteristics, endothelial function assessments and incident CVD outcomes were abstracted from individual studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to quantify pooled associations, and I2 statistic to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Thirty five studies involving 17,206 participants met the inclusion criteria. During more than 80,000 person-years of observation, up to 2755 CVD events were accrued, yielding a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.15–1.35) for CVD comparing top (i.e. more severe) vs. bottom (less severe) third of endothelial dysfunction. There was significant between-study heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. RRs varied importantly according to the method used to ascertain endothelial function, and were higher among older individuals and among participants with risk factors for CVD or established CVD at baseline. Conclusions Although endothelial dysfunction is an important determinant of cardiovascular outcomes in people with pre-existing CVD, current evidence base does not support its use as a potentially useful measurement for risk stratification in people at lower risk of CVD

Automatic modulation classification using interacting multiple model - Kalman filter for channel estimation

YesA rigorous model for automatic modulation classification (AMC) in cognitive radio (CR) systems is proposed in this paper. This is achieved by exploiting the Kalman filter (KF) integrated with an adaptive interacting multiple model (IMM) for resilient estimation of the channel state information (CSI). A novel approach is proposed, in adding up the squareroot singular values (SRSV) of the decomposed channel using the singular value decompositions (SVD) algorithm. This new scheme, termed Frobenius eigenmode transmission (FET), is chiefly intended to maintain the total power of all individual effective eigenmodes, as opposed to keeping only the dominant one. The analysis is applied over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas in combination with a Rayleigh fading channel using a quasi likelihood ratio test (QLRT) algorithm for AMC. The expectation-maximization (EM) is employed for recursive computation of the underlying estimation and classification algorithms. Novel simulations demonstrate the advantages of the combined IMM-KF structure when compared to the perfectly known channel and maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), in terms of achieving the targeted optimal performance with the desirable benefit of less computational complexity loads

Equivalence of the realized input and output oriented indirect effects metrics in ecological network analysis

A new understanding of the consequences of how ecosystem elements are interconnected is emerging from the development and application of Ecological Network Analysis. The relative importance of indirect effects is central to this understanding, and the ratio of indirect flow to direct flow (I/D) is one indicator of their importance. Two methods have been proposed for calculating this indicator. The unit approach shows what would happen if each system member had a unit input or output, while the realized technique determines the ratio using the observed system inputs or outputs. When using the unit method, the input oriented and output oriented ratios can be different, potentially leading to conflicting results. However, we show that the input and output oriented I/D ratios are identical using the realized method when the system is at steady state. This work is a step in the maturation of Ecological Network Analysis that will let it be more readily testable empirically and ultimately more useful for environmental assessment and management.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl

Hidden magnetic transitions in thermoelectric layered cobaltite, [Ca2_2CoO3_3]0.62_{0.62}[CoO2_2]

A positive muon spin rotation and relaxation ($\mu^+$SR) experiment on [Ca$_2$CoO$_3$]$_{0.62}$[CoO$_2$], ({\sl i.e.}, Ca$_3$Co$_4$O$_9$, a layered thermoelectric cobaltite) indicates the existence of two magnetic transitions at $\sim$ 100 K and 400 - 600 K; the former is a transition from a paramagnetic state to an incommensurate ({\sf IC}) spin density wave ({\sf SDW}) state. The anisotropic behavior of zero-field $\mu^+$SR spectra at 5 K suggests that the {\sf IC-SDW} propagates in the $a$-$b$ plane, with oscillating moments directed along the c-axis; also the {\sf IC-SDW} is found to exist not in the [Ca$_2$CoO$_3$] subsystem but in the [CoO$_2$] subsystem. In addition, it is found that the long-range {\sf IC-SDW} order completes below $\sim$ 30 K, whereas the short-range order appears below 100 K. The latter transition is interpreted as a gradual change in the spin state of Co ions %% at temperatures above 400 K. These two magnetic transitions detected by $\mu^+$SR are found to correlate closely with the transport properties of [Ca$_2$CoO$_3$]$_{0.62}$[CoO$_2$].Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures. to be appeared in Phys. Rev.