How prepared are foundation dentists for independent general dental practice at 40 weeks of foundation training?

The similarities and differences in the estimated abilities, knowledge and skills between foundation dentists and their educational supervisors

The formation, stability, and suitability of n-type junctions in germanium formed by solid phase epitaxial recrystallization

Design and optimization of n-type doped regions in germanium by solid phase epitaxial recrystallization (SPER) have been studied by the authors. A systematic study is presented of process variables that influence activation and thermal stability, including preamorphization, coimplants, recrystallization temperature, and postrecrystallization thermal treatments. Unlike silicon, activation after recrystallization in germanium is not optimum where the postrecrystallization thermal budget is kept to a minimum. With the aid of modeling, a maximum peak activation of 7 X 10(19) cm(-3) was extracted. A steady increase in sheet resistance during postrecrystallization anneals confirms the formation of metastable activation by SPER. It is predicted that active concentrations of 6-8 X 10(19) cm(-3) are sufficient to meet targets for sub-20 nm technologies. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. (doi: 10.1063/1.3452345

Local Youth Groups in Georgia Working Towards Policy, Systems, and Environmental Changes

Background: The Georgia Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS) is a survey of public middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students. The Georgia YTS was first conducted in 2001. According to YTS, students who attended a tobacco free schools’ youth summit were significantly more likely to be aware of students who use tobacco products (MS: 21% for smoking and 20% for smokeless tobacco; HS: 42% for smoking and 39% for smokeless tobacco) on school property than students who did not attend a tobacco free schools’ youth summit (MS: 10 % for smoking and 9 % for smokeless tobacco; HS: 32 % for smoking and 35 % for smokeless tobacco. Methods: During the fall of 2014, the Chronic Disease Prevention Section of the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) hosted a youth summit for youth groups across the state. In total, 149 youth and 49 adult leaders attended the summit. The youth summit provided training for middle and high school youth to become tobacco use control advocates in their communities. The youth were involved in creating the messages they would deliver to their school boards. Results: The local youth groups who attended the summit in 2014 were instrumental in four school districts adopting the model 100% Tobacco-Free Schools policy: Lowndes County Schools and Irwin County Schools (Valdosta, GA); Emanuel County Schools and Jenkins County Schools (Augusta, GA). Conclusions: These findings support the growing literature on youth involvement in advocacy work towards policy change. Youth should be recruited to work with public health professionals in building coalitions to change community norms

Partnership Approach to Establishing Tobacco-Free Colleges and Universities in Georgia

Background: Smoking rates in young adults ages 18-24 have been steadily declining since 2011 (2011:25.0%, 2012:22.3%, 2013:16.5% (BRFSS). The Georgia Department of Public Health (GDPH) partnered with the Georgia Board of Regents to adopt the 100% Tobacco Free Colleges/Universities policy. Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a state-based surveillance system, administered by the GDPH in collaboration with the CDC. The survey began in 1984 with 15 states participating, including Georgia. The data from this survey were used to inform key shareholders of smoking prevalence to encourage policy adoption as a method of decreasing tobacco use. The GDPH used the CDC’s Partnership Toolkit to recruit and retain partnerships with various multi-sector organizations in working towards systems change. Results: The Georgia Board of Regents—the governing body for the state’s system of colleges and universities –adopted the model 100% tobacco free colleges/universities policy resulting in a systems change of 31 campuses now having the model policy in place. The policy not only impacted the students who fall in the 18-24 age group, but the staff and visitors as well. Conclusions: Partnerships play a key role in creating systems changes. The partnership between the Georgia Board of Regents and the Georgia Department of Public Health contributed to the growing number of colleges and universities who are now 100% Tobacco Free. Using the CDC’s Partnership Toolkit allowed for sustainable partnerships leading to positive social change

Quelle place pour le complément alimentaire dans l'arthrose à l'officine ?

Les compléments alimentaires représentent un marché en pleine évolution à l officine. Leur statut règlementaire en tant qu aliments à l aspect de médicaments semble les situer à la frontière du domaine thérapeutique et attire un grand nombre de personnes. Ils servent à compléter le régime alimentaire et ont pour objectif d aider notre organisme à garder la santé, voire à l améliorer, au moyen de différents ingrédients actifs : vitamines, minéraux, plantes et autres substances d origines animale ou biotechnologique (propolis, glucosamine, probiotiques ). Depuis 2002, les compléments alimentaires bénéficient d une règlementation spécifique complexe au niveau européen. La reconnaissance de leur bénéfice physiologique passe par l obtention d allégations de santé, autorisées seulement si la preuve scientifique du bénéfice est apportée. L arthrose touche 9 à 10 millions de Français. Cette maladie caractérisée par des douleurs articulaires, concerne essentiellement la population âgée. Des traitements conventionnels existent, tels que les Anti-Inflammatoires Non Stéroïdiens (AINS), les antalgiques et les Anti-Arthrosiques Symptomatiques d Action Lente (AASAL : glucosamine, chondroïtine ), mais sont parfois mal tolérés ou insuffisants. Considérés comme des adjuvants thérapeutiques par certains praticiens, les compléments alimentaires sont de plus en plus conseillés au cours de l arthrose. L objectif de cette thèse est d étudier les principaux ingrédients utilisés dans les compléments alimentaires à visée articulaire, inscrits au Vidal 2012, afin d évaluer leur possible intérêt en complément ou en remplacement des traitements thérapeutiques classiques de l arthrose.Food supplements are in progress in the pharmaceutical market. Their special food status, close to the therapeutic medicine attracts a large number of people. The food supplement is used to supplement the diet. It aims to help our body to stay healthy or to improve it. It may consist of different active ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs and other animal or biotechnological substances (propolis, glucosamine, probiotics ...). Since 2002, food supplements have a specific European legislation, complex and constantly evolving. Recognition of their physiological benefit with health claims is permitted only if the scientific evidence for benefit is demonstrated. Osteoarthritis affects 9 to 10 million French. This disease is characterized by joint pain and concerns mainly the elderly population. Conventional treatments exist, such as Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics and symptomatic slow acting drugs (chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine sulphate ), but are sometimes poorly tolerated or insufficient. Considered as "therapeutic adjuvants" by some health practitioners, food supplements are increasingly recommended in osteoarthritis. The objective of this thesis is to study the main ingredients used in food supplements for joints, registered in Vidal 2012 (French register of medicins) to assess their possible interest in addition or replacing of conventional arthrosis therapeutical treatments.ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Carcinogenesis in Prostate Cancer: The role of Long Non-Coding RNAs

LncRNAs appear to play a considerable role in tumourigenesis through regulating key processes in cancer cells such as proliferative signalling, replicative immortality, invasion and metastasis, evasion of growth suppressors, induction of angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis. LncRNAs have been reported to play a role in prostate cancer, particularly in regulating the androgen receptor signalling pathway. In this review article, we summarise the role of 34 lncRNAs in prostate cancer with a particular focus on their role in the androgen receptor signalling pathway and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway

In their own words: investigating the preparedness of final year dental students in the UK for independent general dental practice

Introduction There is relatively little data on the preparedness of UK dental graduates for independent general dental practice. Two recent studies have indicated that graduates appear well prepared, but although quantifying the level of preparedness, they provide limited understanding of the underlying factors contributing to preparedness. This study aims to more deeply understand the contributing factors leading to assertions of graduate preparedness using focus groups of final year dental students, and semi-structured interviews of senior faculty members. Materials and methods Three UK dental schools were visited in order to conduct both study elements. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were audio recorded and fully transcribed. Thematic analysis of the transcripts resulted in the production of a thematic matrix. Results The major categories of the thematic matrix were classified as extrinsic; including the role of educators and features of the course, and intrinsic; relating to fear of the unknown, the development of adult learning abilities and less easily identifiable attributes in the development of competence, which became known as 'bricks and mortar'. Discussion Students felt that the most important factor affecting their preparation was clinical exposure. Outreach placements were felt to be particularly useful, the simulation of general dental practice being highly valued by final year students. The interaction with educators was also felt to be a key influence on preparedness, with the involvement of general practitioners in dental school teaching felt to be helpful, perhaps giving students an extended exposure to general practice. Conclusion It is hoped that the rich data derived from this study may allow an invaluable insight into factors contributing to preparedness of new dental graduates, which may then be considered in the light of any proposed changes in the curricula or syllabi

HSP60/10 chaperonin systems are inhibited by a variety of approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactive molecules

All living organisms contain a unique class of molecular chaperones called 60 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP60 - also known as GroEL in bacteria). While some organisms contain more than one HSP60 or GroEL isoform, at least one isoform has always proven to be essential. Because of this, we have been investigating targeting HSP60 and GroEL chaperonin systems as an antibiotic strategy. Our initial studies focused on applying this antibiotic strategy for treating African sleeping sickness (caused by Trypanosoma brucei parasites) and drug-resistant bacterial infections (in particular Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA). Intriguingly, during our studies we found that three known antibiotics - suramin, closantel, and rafoxanide - were potent inhibitors of bacterial GroEL and human HSP60 chaperonin systems. These findings prompted us to explore what other approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactive molecules might also inhibit HSP60 and GroEL chaperonin systems. Initial high-throughput screening of 3680 approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactives identified 161 hit inhibitors of the Escherichia coli GroEL chaperonin system (4.3% hit rate). From a purchased subset of 60 hits, 29 compounds (48%) re-confirmed as selective GroEL inhibitors in our assays, all of which were nearly equipotent against human HSP60. These findings illuminate the notion that targeting chaperonin systems might be a more common occurrence than we previously appreciated. Future studies are needed to determine if the in vivo modes of action of these approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactive molecules are related to GroEL and HSP60 inhibition

Hydroxybiphenylamide GroEL/ES Inhibitors Are Potent Antibacterials against Planktonic and Biofilm Forms of Staphylococcus aureus

We recently reported the identification of a GroEL/ES inhibitor (1, N-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-3-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzamide) that exhibited in vitro antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus comparable to vancomycin, an antibiotic of last resort. To follow up, we have synthesized 43 compound 1 analogs to determine the most effective functional groups of the scaffold for inhibiting GroEL/ES and killing bacteria. Our results identified that the benzothiazole and hydroxyl groups are important for inhibiting GroEL/ES-mediated folding functions, with the hydroxyl essential for antibacterial effects. Several analogs exhibited >50-fold selectivity indices between antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity to human liver and kidney cells in cell culture. We found that MRSA was not able to easily generate acute resistance to lead inhibitors in a gain-of-resistance assay and that lead inhibitors were able to permeate through established S. aureus biofilms and maintain their bactericidal effects

La pratique de l’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec

Des études ont démontré l’efficacité de l’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire. Or, une faible implantation de ces services au Québec est remarquée, attribuable à une méconnaissance de cette pratique professionnelle. Afin de mieux comprendre l’offre de services d’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec, une étude descriptive a été réalisée. Cinquante-trois ergothérapeutes exerçant en milieu scolaire ont rempli un questionnaire électronique. Les services d’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec seraient surtout disponibles dans la région de Montréal et organisés selon un modèle de services traditionnel. Mettre en place un modèle de services collaboratif permettrait de mieux répondre aux besoins des élèves