Entropy generation minimization of fully developed internal flow with constant heat flux

This paper uses the entropy generation minimization (EG

Assessment of awareness regarding climate change and its health hazards among the medical students

Background : Climate change has emerged as one of the most devastating environmental threat and there is overwhelming evidence of wide range of implications for human health. To mitigate this, well-prepared medical man power is required. Objectives : The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the awareness regarding climate change and its health hazards among the medical students and (2) to recommend the awareness campaigns regarding climate change and its health hazards for students based on the results. Settings and Design: This observational study was conducted at the Medical College in Pune city. Materials and Methods: Medical students from all years of M.B.B.S. (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) who had given the written consent were included in this study. A self-administered, pre-tested, questionnaire was used. Responses were evaluated. Statistical Analysis Used: Proportions, percentage, and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 250 medical students were included in this study. In all, 246 (98.40%) students commented that global climate is changing, while 245 (98%) students opined that human activities are contributing to climate change. The commonest source of information about climate change was newspaper and magazines (78.20%). Majority commented that deforestation and industrial and vehicular pollution contribute most to climate change. According to 47.50% of the students, health-related issues are priority for climate change prevention strategy. According to 65.10% students, direct physical hazards of extreme climatic events are most important health-related impact of climate change, followed by natural disaster-related health hazards (43.50%), waterborne diseases (27.60%), vector-borne diseases (17.60%), and malnutrition (10%). There was statistically significant difference found between year of MBBS of the students and the awareness regarding United Nations Federation on Climate Change, Kyoto protocol (χ2 = 7.85, P = 0.02), and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (χ2 = 12.77, P = 0.002). A significant difference was found between the awareness about health impact of climate change at different places (χ2 = 11.25, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Students had awareness regarding health hazards of the climate change, but improvement for mitigation is required. It is suggested that a large nation-wide awareness survey regarding climate change and its health hazards is necessary to determine the preparedness of medical students and also to suggest any changes in the current curriculum

Development of Customized Software for Designing Gating System of Compressor Rotor Dies

An important factor for obtaining defect free pressure die cast parts is good design of the gating system. Gating system is a path of flow of molten alloy during filling of casting. In this project a systematic approach has been developed to design gating system for pressure die casting die. This involved studying current design practices in the industry and translating this into a knowledge base of rules for machine selection, design of gate, gate runner, runner, and overflows. The entire approach has been implemented in a windowbased program using visual C#.It has been successfully tested on industrial case study. It is perhaps the first attempt of its kind in the area of pressure die casting die design, and is expected to be of significant interest and value to the industry

A New Query Engine using Novel Three Dimensional Index for Xml Documents

XML has gained prominence as data storage and exchange format for web applications. This is because there are certain features which are unique to XML like self descriptivism, extensibility and non proprietary text document storage. In spite of all these unique features XML has an inherent limitation of verbosity. This size problem of XML should be dealt with efficiently so that a good compression is achieved and at the same time the compressed data is directly queriable i.e. it should not require decompression at the time of querying. The proposed technique creates a new query engine based on novel three dimensional indexes consisting of structure, attribute and content index. The structure index consists of all unique root to leaf paths of the XML document, the content index stores the contents path wise i.e. all the contents of one particular type of path class is stored in one file and attribute index is created in manner similar to that of content index. Based on this three dimensional compact storage a new query engine is proposed which can answer xpath queries very efficiently. This approach dramatically reduces the storage requirement for XML coupled with efficient processing of xpath queries

Development of Customized Software for Designing Gating System of Compressor Rotor Dies

An important factor for obtaining defect free pressure die cast parts is good design of the gating system. Gating system is a path of flow of molten alloy during filling of casting. In this project a systematic approach has been developed to design gating system for pressure die casting die. This involved studying current design practices in the industry and translating this into a knowledge base of rules for machine selection, design of gate, gate runner, runner, and overflows. The entire approach has been implemented in a windowbased program using visual C#.It has been successfully tested on industrial case study. It is perhaps the first attempt of its kind in the area of pressure die casting die design, and is expected to be of significant interest and value to the industry

Visual-Feedback-Based Frame-by-Frame Synchronization for 3000 fps Projector–Camera Visual Light Communication

This paper proposes a novel method for synchronizing a high frame-rate (HFR) camera with an HFR projector, using a visual feedback-based synchronization algorithm for streaming video sequences in real time on a visible-light communication (VLC)-based system. The frame rates of the camera and projector are equal, and their phases are synchronized. A visual feedback-based synchronization algorithm is used to mitigate the complexities and stabilization issues of wire-based triggering for long-distance systems. The HFR projector projects a binary pattern modulated at 3000 fps. The HFR camera system operates at 3000 fps, which can capture and generate a delay signal to be given to the next camera clock cycle so that it matches the phase of the HFR projector. To test the synchronization performance, we used an HFR projector–camera-based VLC system in which the proposed synchronization algorithm provides maximum bandwidth utilization for the high-throughput transmission ability of the system and reduces data redundancy efficiently. The transmitter of the VLC system encodes the input video sequence into gray code, which is projected via high-definition multimedia interface streaming in the form of binary images 590 × 1060. At the receiver, a monochrome HFR camera can simultaneously capture and decode 12-bit 512 × 512 images in real time and reconstruct a color video sequence at 60 fps. The efficiency of the visual feedback-based synchronization algorithm is evaluated by streaming offline and live video sequences, using a VLC system with single and dual projectors, providing a multiple-projector-based system. The results show that the 3000 fps camera was successfully synchronized with a 3000 fps single-projector and a 1500 fps dual-projector system. It was confirmed that the synchronization algorithm can also be applied to VLC systems, autonomous vehicles, and surveillance applications

Enhancement of convective heat transfer using magnetically flapping fin array

Electronic devices with high power density require efficient and compact heat transfer management methods. While passive fins have been routinely used for heat dissipation, they usually have a limited range of operating conditions in electronic applications. In this study, we explore experimentally and numerically active enhancement of convective heat transfer using a magnetically actuated array of fins. In our experiments, the fins are rectangular nickel strips attached to a silicon substrate via flexible joints and actuated by an alternating electromagnetic field. We observe that angular oscillation of the fins leads to significant enhancement in heat transfer coefficient. Specifically, at high actuation frequencies and amplitudes, the heat flux enhancement for a fixed wall temperature may be up to 100%. We examine the scaling between the measured heat flux, frequency, and temperature difference. For an actively cooled substrate, the Nusselt number is primarily determined by forced convection due to fin motion, while the contribution from buoyancy is weak. In our two-dimensional numerical simulations, we use a dual-grid immersed boundary method for a flow geometry consisting of a single actuated fin in a rectangular domain. The simulated flow field and isotherms indicate the formation of thin thermal boundary layers on the fin and base plate. The tip vortices shed by the fin are instrumental in mixing and transport of temperature field. The active cooling principle described in this work may be employed as an efficient and compact thermal management method for small electronic devices with high power densities.Ministry of Education (MOE)Nanyang Technological UniversityThis work was supported by the Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Ministry of Education (MOE, grant number MOE2018-T2-2-113), Singapore, and Department of Science and Technology (DST), India. T.B. Nguyen acknowledges the support from MOE. A.B. acknowledges project staff and travel support from (DST) (No: INT/SIN/P-02)

The epidemiological aspects associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection

The widespread bacteria causing sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide is Chlamydia trachomatis. The prevalence of chlamydial diseases that are spread via sexual contact is relatively high throughout the world. Urethritis and cervicitis are often caused by C. trachomatis, and its aftereffects include ectopic pregnancy, reactive arthritis, epididymitis, tubal factor infertility, proctitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In addition, chlamydial infections may cause severe ocular or reproductive illness, resulting in infertility or blindness, depending on the bacterial strain. There have been many ways to calculate transmission probability, but each has drawbacks. It is linked to a broad spectrum of short- and long-term health repercussions and sequelae. In low- and middle-income nations like India, where the majority of the burden goes unreported and where there is a lack of systematic data to assess the situation, improved urogenital C. trachomatis infection management is especially crucial. This study's goal was to highlight the current state of the significant epidemiological factors related to chlamydial infections