Insatisfação corporal em gestantes: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Resumo A imagem corporal de gestantes deve ser alvo de atenção por parte dos profissionais, tendo em vista a promoção da saúde materna infantil. O objetivo da presente revisão integrativa foi analisar a literatura sobre imagem e insatisfação corporal em gestantes. Foram buscados artigos nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed, BVS e PsycINFO utilizando o cruzamento de “pregnancy” com as palavras-chave: “body image” e “body dissatisfaction”. Após a adoção dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram analisados 40 estudos. Estes apontam dados inconclusivos quanto à insatisfação corporal durante a gestação. Presença de sintomas depressivos, baixa autoestima, atitude alimentar inadequada e ganho de peso fora dos limites recomendados têm sido associados a uma imagem corporal negativa. Contradições nos achados podem estar relacionados às diferenças nos instrumentos utilizados para mensurar a imagem corporal. Pelo possível impacto de uma imagem corporal negativa durante a gestação na saúde materna e infantil, são recomendadas novas investigações, em especial o desenvolvimento de um instrumento avaliativo de imagem corporal específico para gestantes

THE INFLUENCE OF ANXIETY LEVELS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL HEALTH DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF UNIVERSITY

Lee, N. Y. & Rauff, E. L. Seattle University, Seattle, Washington The transition to university exposes students to a multitude of stressors and increases their risk for poor mental health and a reduction in behaviors such as physical activity (PA). PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of anxiety level on differences in stress, depression, PA, and social support for PA in first-year university students. METHODS: First-year university students (N= 475; 22% male; 77% female) completed validated measures of their anxiety, stress, depression, PA, and social support for PA each quarter of their first year of university. Students were categorized as having low to moderate anxiety (LMA) or high anxiety (HA) based on their scores from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait version. Three MANCOVA’s with Bonferroni correction controlling for biological sex were conducted across study measures. Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized for variables that violated homogeneity. RESULTS: Significant multivariate effects for anxiety levels were observed at each time point (fall: WL = 0.5 F(4, 469) = 118.6, p \u3c 0.001; winter: WL = 0.5 F(4, 149) = 36.5 p \u3c 0.001; spring: WL = 0.5 F(4, 81) = 23.9 p \u3c 0.001). During the fall, students with LMA reported significantly lower stress (M = 14.2, SD = 4.7) and higher minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (M = 332.7, SD = 344.6) compared to students with HA (M’s = 23.1, 252.6; SD’s = 5.0, 304.0). In winter and spring, students with LMA reported significantly lower stress (M’s = 13.6, 13.9; SD’s = 5.3, 5.2) than students with HA (M’s = 23.3, 23.0; SD’s = 5.4, 5.2). Kruskal-Wallis tests examined depression, revealing that students with LMA reported significantly lower depression scores at each time point (M =13.0, 12.8, 11.6; SD = 5.7, 5.3, 5.1 respectively) when compared to students with HA (M’s = 28.2, 28.0, 26.8; SD’s = 9.5, 9.7, 9.5 respectively). No significant differences were observed for PA behavior at additional time points. Social support for PA was not significant across groups at any time point. CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings indicate that first-year students who experience LMA are also more likely to report other positive mental health outcomes (i.e., lower stress and depression) throughout the year. PA may be an effective strategy for reducing students’ anxiety levels; however, social support for PA was not influenced by students’ anxiety levels