Gluon radiation beyond Poisson using MHV techniques

For the first time, MHV techniques are applied to radiative energy loss processes in QCD. First, we provide a pedagogical introduction to MHV techniques with explicit computational example on qq → ɡɡ cross section and splitting functions which reproduces known results. Next, we derive the multiple photon emissions current to reproduce the Poisson distribution of photon radiated from a high energetic quark. Then we derive the equivalent current for the case of multiple gluon emissions in vacuum. We then use the previous result to compute the two gluon correlation. We also study the radiation current induced from a change in the color state of an energetic quark: we start with the case of 1, 2, and 3 gluon induced radiations and then conjecture the analytic expression for n gluon emissions. We then prove this conjecture for the case where the emitted gluons are symmetric and antisymmetric under gluon permutations

ESRGAN+ : Further Improving Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network

Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (ESRGAN) is a perceptual-driven approach for single image super resolution that is able to produce photorealistic images. Despite the visual quality of these generated images, there is still room for improvement. In this fashion, the model is extended to further improve the perceptual quality of the images. We have designed a novel block to replace the one used by the original ESRGAN. Moreover, we introduce noise inputs to the generator network in order to exploit stochastic variation. The resulting images present more realistic textures. The code is available at https://github.com/ncarraz/ESRGANplus .Comment: ICASSP 202

Realities, Potential And Availability Of Slaughterhouse Waste: A Guarantee Of Sustainable Development From Agroenergy Valorization By Biomethanization. Case Of Ankadindratombo, Rural Commune Of Alasora Madagascar

In order to develop the country, non-oil producing countries practice the policy of diversifying energy sources, as is the case with the valorization of slaughterhouse waste in Ankadindratombo, in the rural commune of Alasora, Analamanga region. This slaughterhouse has daily fermentable waste of 4360 kg from the slaughter of 100 heads of zebus and 20 heads of pigs. These wastes are not valorized until now, but they are potential resources for the development of the said commune. This research work has made it possible to valorize this waste by the technology of biomethanization. The infrastructure to be set up requires a digester with a useful volume of 91560 l or 92 m3. The proposed model is the type of digester with floating bell. This valorization will make it possible to obtain 5958,67 kg of biological fertilizer per day and 74 127 l per month of biomethane gas, an alternative energy source to wood energy. The financial study showed that the implementation of this infrastructure requires an initial investment of 125 120 940 Ar, with a Net Present Value of 39 230 217,17 MGA, an Index of Profitability (Ip) of 1,31 and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 39, 7%.In short, this research work is a contribution to the search for a viable and reliable solution to valorize the waste of slaughterhouses of Ankadindratombo for agro energy purposes

Historique de la colonisation du milieu de la presqu' île d'Ampasindava : transformations du paysage et système de conservation

In the northwest of Madagascar, the Ampasindava peninsula is home to the essential part of what  remains of the forests of the Sambirano phytogeographic domain. The area has great importance in terms of biogeography, ecology, and socio-cultural aspects. The first documented human presence dates back  to the tenth century, during the development of the maritime trade in Madagascar, before becoming the first headquarters of the Sakalava kingdom in the  northwest of Madagascar. Several facts contributed to the degradation of the landscape, like the practice of the tavy and the war between Bemihisatra and  Merina. In the peninsula, the western part was the most affected, on contrary to the eastern part where are located the forest massifs which served as refuges during the tribal wars. After the annexion by France, of an important territory including the peninsula (August 6th, 1896), the Merina left the region,  and these forest massifs acquired a sacred status and as such were protected against destruction, preserving the characteristics of the primary forests of Sambirano. Elsewhere, a process of natural  reconstruction of the vegetation started. These historic facts lead us to conclude that the forests of Dypsis spp. (Arecaceae) and Sarcolaenaceae are not primary resulting from a difference in substrate or  climate, but are to be interpreted as old secondary forests, deriving from the long-term process of  reconstruction of the vegetation. For several years, the analysis of satellite imagery demonstrates that the rhythm of the tavy has dramatically increased in the region. This increase stems not only from a population growth, but also from a growing pressure for land to generate income for the purchase of manufactured products. The practice of the tavy represents a major threat to forests and different types of residual natural habitats. Secondary forests are the most sensitive and most suitable for rice production. Primary sacred forests have remained so far untouched. Their traditional protection is however recently shaken by the influx of immigrants, who show little respect to traditional ban.  Dans le Nord-ouest de Madagascar, la presqu’île d’Ampasindava abrite une partie essentielle des restes  des forêts du domaine du Sambirano. La région possède une grande importance tant biogéographique et écologique, que socio-culturelle. Elle a connu au Xe siècle sa première implantation humaine et il est  vraisemblable que l’Homme l’ait parcourue et utilisée régulièrement à l’époque du développement du réseau maritime à Madagascar, avant que le Sambirano ne devienne le premier siège du royaume  Sakalava dans le Nord-ouest de l’île. Plusieurs faits ont contribué à la déstructuration du paysage écologique initial, comme la pratique de l’abattis sur brûlis ou tavy et les guerres entre les Bemihisatra de la région et l’armée du royaume Merina. Si la zone Ouest de la région a été la plus touchée, celle de l’Est où se trouvent les grands massifs forestiers a servi de refuges durant ces guerres. Après l’annexion par la France, le 6 août 1896, d’un important territoire comprenant la presqu’île, les Merina ont quitté la région, et ces massifs forestiers acquirent un caractère sacré et furent ainsi protégés contre la destruction et le défrichement en conservant les caractéristiques des forêts climaciques intactes du Sambirano. Ailleurs, un processus de reconstitution naturelle de la végétation se mit en route. Ces divers aspects historiques permettent d’avancer que les forêts à Sarcolaenaceae et à Dypsis spp (Arecaceae), avec leurs caractéristiques physionomiques, structurales et floristiques, ne découlent pas tant de  caractéristiques du substrat ou du climat, mais seraient plutôt des forêts secondaires âgées, issues du long processus d’évolution progressive du dynamisme de la succession végétale. Depuis  quelques  années, l’analyse des images satellite montre que le rythme auquel le tavy est pratiqué s’intensifie dans la région. Cet accroissement découle non seulement de la croissance démographique, mais aussi d’un  besoin accru en terres pour générer les revenus nécessaires à l’achat de produits manufacturés. La pratique du tavy représente une des principales menaces pour les forêts et les différents types d’habitats naturels résiduels. Les forêts secondaires âgées qui sont situées hors des zones traditionnellement protégées sont les plus sensibles car elles sont les plus propices à la production de riz. Les forêts des   massifs sacrés, en revanche, ne semblent pas encore réellement menacées mais leur protection  traditionnelle est quelque peu ébranlée depuis par l’arrivée récente et massive d’immigrants qui  respectent peu les interdits traditionnels

Inhibition Of TNF-α Release by D : B- Friedo - Olean -5- En- 3α -Ol in Human Monocytes

This study was focused on the release of TNF- α by cultured monocytes of human blood in the absence and presence of D : B Friedo - olean - 5 -en- 3α -ol (DBFO). The human monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The release of TNF-α by monocytes was induced by the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the culture medium. ELISA Sandwich's method was used to the dosing of TNF- α concentration. The release of TNF-α is inhibited by DBFO. In the absence of DBFO, TNF- α concentration is 3.86 ng/ml versus 3.77 ; 3.2 ; 2.79 and 0.89 ng/ml in the presence of DBFO at concentrations 1 , 3, 10 and 30 μg/ml respectively ( p <0.05)

A Plant-Derived Morphinan as a Novel Lead Compound Active against Malaria Liver Stages

BACKGROUND: The global spread of multidrug–resistant malaria parasites has led to an urgent need for new chemotherapeutic agents. Drug discovery is primarily directed to the asexual blood stages, and few drugs that are effective against the obligatory liver stages, from which the pathogenic blood infection is initiated, have become available since primaquine was deployed in the 1950s. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Using bioassay-guided fractionation based on the parasite's hepatic stage, we have isolated a novel morphinan alkaloid, tazopsine, from a plant traditionally used against malaria in Madagascar. This compound and readily obtained semisynthetic derivatives were tested for inhibitory activity against liver stage development in vitro (P. falciparum and P. yoelii) and in vivo (P. yoelii). Tazopsine fully inhibited the development of P. yoelii (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] 3.1 μM, therapeutic index [TI] 14) and P. falciparum (IC(50) 4.2 μM, TI 7) hepatic parasites in cultured primary hepatocytes, with inhibition being most pronounced during the early developmental stages. One derivative, N-cyclopentyl-tazopsine (NCP-tazopsine), with similar inhibitory activity was selected for its lower toxicity (IC(50) 3.3 μM, TI 46, and IC(50) 42.4 μM, TI 60, on P. yoelii and P. falciparum hepatic stages in vitro, respectively). Oral administration of NCP-tazopsine completely protected mice from a sporozoite challenge. Unlike the parent molecule, the derivative was uniquely active against Plasmodium hepatic stages. CONCLUSIONS: A readily obtained semisynthetic derivative of a plant-derived compound, tazopsine, has been shown to be specifically active against the liver stage, but inactive against the blood forms of the malaria parasite. This unique specificity in an antimalarial drug severely restricts the pressure for the selection of drug resistance to a parasite stage limited both in numbers and duration, thus allowing researchers to envisage the incorporation of a true causal prophylactic in malaria control programs

Historique de la colonisation du milieu de la presqu'île d'Ampasindava : transformations du paysage et système de conservation

In the northwest of Madagascar, the Ampasindava peninsula is home to the essential part of what remains of the forests of the Sambirano phytogeographic domain. The area has great importance in terms of biogeography, ecology, and socio-cultural aspects. The first documented human presence dates back to the tenth century, during the development of the maritime trade in Madagascar, before becoming the first headquarters of the Sakalava kingdom in the northwest of Madagascar. Several facts contributed to the degradation of the landscape, like the practice of the tavy and the war between Bemihisatra and Merina. In the peninsula, the western part was the most affected, on contrary to the eastern part where are located the forest massifs which served as refuges during the tribal wars. After the annexion by France, of an important territory including the peninsula (August 6th, 1 896), the Merina left the region, and these forest massifs acquired a sacred status and as such were protected against destruction, preserving the characteristics of the primary forests of Sambirano. Elsewhere, a process of natural reconstruction of the vegetation started. These historic facts lead us to conclude that the forests of Dypsis spp. (Arecaceae) and Sarcolaenaceae are not primary resulting from a difference in substrate or climate, but are to be interpreted as old secondary forest, deriving from the long-term process of reconstruction of the vegetation. For several years, the analysis of satellite imagery demonstrates that the rhythm of the tavy has dramatically increased in the region. This increase stems not only from a population growth, but also from a growing pressure for land to generate income for the purchase of manufactured products. The practice of the tavy represents a major threat to forests and different types of residual natural habitats. Secondary forests are the most sensitive and most suitable for rice production. Primary sacred forests have remained so far untouched. Their traditional protection is however recently shaken by the influx of immigrants, who show little respect to traditional ban. RÉSUMÉ Dans le Nord-ouest de Madagascar, la presqu’île d’Ampasindava abrite une partie essentielle des restes des forêts du domaine du Sambirano. La région possède une grande importance tant biogéographique et écologique, que socio-culturelle. Elle a connu au Xe siècle sa première implantation humaine et il est vraisemblable que l’Homme l’ait parcourue et utilisée régulièrement à l’époque du développement du réseau maritime à Madagascar, avant que le Sambirano ne devienne le premier siège du royaume Sakalava dans le Nord-ouest de l’île. Plusieurs faits ont contribué à la déstructuration du paysage écologique initial, comme la pratique de l’abattis sur brûlis ou tavy et les guerres entre les Bemihisatra de la région et l’armée du royaume Merina. Si la zone Ouest de la région a été la plus touchée, celle de l’Est où se trouvent les grands massifs forestiers a servi de refuges durant ces guerres. Après l’annexion par la France, le 6 août 1 896, d’un important territoire comprenant la presqu’île, les Merina ont quitté la région, et ces massifs forestiers acquirent un caractère sacré et furent ainsi protégés contre la destruction et le défrichement en conservant les caractéristiques des forêts climaciques intactes du Sambirano. Ailleurs, un processus de reconstitution naturelle de la végétation se mit en route. Ces divers aspects historiques permettent d’avancer que les forêts à Sarcolaenaceae et à Dypsis spp (Arecaceae), avec leurs caractéristiques physionomiques, structurales et floristiques, ne découlent pas tant de caractéristiques du substrat ou du climat, mais seraient plutôt des forêts secondaires âgées, issues du long processus d’évolution progressive du dynamisme de la succession végétale. Depuis quelques années, l’analyse des images satellite montre que le rythme auquel le tavy est pratiqué s’intensifie dans la région. Cet accroissement découle non seulement de la croissance démographique, mais aussi d’un besoin accru en terres pour générer les revenus nécessaires à l’achat de produits manufacturés. La pratique du tavy représente une des principales menaces pour les forêts et les différents types d’habitats naturels résiduels. Les forêts secondaires âgées qui sont situées hors des zones traditionnellement protégées sont les plus sensibles car elles sont les plus propices à la production de riz. Les forêts des massifs sacrés, en revanche, ne semblent pas encore réellement menacées mais leur protection traditionnelle est quelque peu ébranlée depuis par l’arrivée récente et massive d’immigrants qui respectent peu les interdits traditionnels

Activation Physique D’une Roche Carbonnée : Essais De Production À Partir De La Tourbe

Considering the abundance of resources and the relative simplicity of the production technology required, the aim of this research is to produce activated carbon from peat undergoing the physical activation method while seeking for the optimal conditions for this said production. Known as a natural adsorbent, the activation of peat intends to increase its surface area and its pore volume. Test and laboratory experiments carried in National Centre for Industrial and Technological Research (CNRIT) allowed to ascertain the main characteristics of the precursor and the product which are considered as key elements of the activated carbon’s performance. Following the continuous carbonization-activation method, the quality of the product is appreciated through an experimental characterization of the activated carbon especially relative to the estimation of its specific surface area