Pelaksanaan Tugas Kepala Syahbandar dalam Pemberian Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (Spb) pada Kantor Kesyahbandaran di Kota Pekanbaru

Raja Muhammad Rasid (1201112415). Duties Head Of The Issuance Agreement Port Officer Sail (SPB) On Harbour Master Office In The City Of Pekanbaru. Supervisor : Dra. Ernawati, M.Si.Under Article 6 of Law No.17 of 2008, the type of transport in the waters consist of sea transport, river and lake transport and ferry transport. In accordance with Article 219 of Law No.17 of 2008, to conduct any ocean freight shipping (vessel) shall require approval Sailing / Anchored (SPB) is issued by the harbormaster to be sailing or docked. In order to obtain a Certificate of Approval Sailing/Anchored (SPB), the ship will sail must meet the requirements that the terms seaworthiness ship.In theory Duties, Simanjuntak explained that the implementation of the duty of each individual is influenced by several factors which can be classified into three groups: individual competency, organizational support and management support .The method used in this research is qualitative research. With the technique done of snowball sampling, the key informant in this study. In this study, the informant is the Head Office and the Port Authority Harbour Master Class III In The City Of Pekanbaru, Head of Sub. Administration, Head of Legal Status and certification of ships, Kasi Kesber, Guard and Patrol, and Kasi Enterprises Lala and Ports and then analyze and process the data .Based on the research and discussion that researchers do in the field, it was found that the execution of tasks of the Head of the Harbor Master in the Issuance of Approval Sail (SPB) At Office Harbor Master in the city of Pekanbaru has not been implemented to the fullest, it is in because of limited support infrastructure in the field, the lack of human resources and lack of awareness of the laws that affect the execution of tasks Harbor Master

Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Various Components of Candlenut Kernel

One-hundred male broiler chickens (Cobb500) were assigned randomly in a completely randomized design (CRD) into four dietary treatment groups to determine the effects of various components (whole kernel, kernel oil, kernel defatted) of candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) kernel on growth performance, carcass yield, and proximate and fatty acid composition in meat during the grower-finisher stage. Each treatment consisted of 5 replicates with 5 birds for each replications. From 21 to 42 days of age, the birds  were offered either one of the following dietary treatments namely;  Basal diet containing no candlenut kernel (T1), Basal diet containing 2.5% whole candlenut kernel (T2), Basal diet containing 2.5% candlenut kernel oil (T3), and Basal diet containing 2.5% candlenut kernel defatted (T4). The significant difference was determined when the probability level was p<0.05. Birds fed the experimental diets showed no significant difference on growth performance, carcass yield, and proximate and fatty acid compositions in meat. However, birds fed diets containing various components of candlenut had small effect on reducing feed intake, decreasing crude protein and crude fat contents in meat, and increasing total C18:2n-6 and n-6 PUFA. In conclusion, supplementation of various components of candlenut kernel in broiler diet did not improve growth performance, carcass yield, and proximate and fatty acid compositions in meat

Experimental Study On Noise Source Identification Of Split Unit Air Conditioner System

This paper presents the procedures and the results of noise source at the split unit air conditioner system. Noise in split unit air conditioning system is a frequent problem for the air conditioner manufactures. Split unit air conditioners have an indoor unit and an outdoor unit connected by communication pipes. Noise can reduce the efficiency and performance of the air conditioner. In order to identify and analysis of noise at air conditioner system, experimental have been done using sound intensity mapping method. The investigation was carried out by varying the parameter which is the fan speed and temperature at air conditioner. In order to identify where the noise source comes from, a grid rig had been build to get the noise location and their rating by located the microphone at the rig point. The signal from the probe will be analyze by using Pulse LabShop software. The results from the noise were showed in noise mapping with different color which indicates the different level of noises from different location. The highest noise sound levels occur at the front side of air conditioner which is at the fan that is about 74.784dB. The second highest noise sound level is occur at the right side which is at the compressor about 72.115dB. It can be concluded that sound power level will increase as higher as fan speed at the lowest temperature of the air conditioner

Impact damage resistance and post impact tolerance of optimum banana-pseudo stem fiber reinforced epoxy sandwich structures

Banana fiber has a high potential for use in fiber composite structures due to its promise as a polymer reinforcement. However, it has poor bonding characteristics with the matrixes due to hydrophobic-hydrophilic incompatibility, inconsistency in blending weight ratio, and fiber length instability. In this study, the optimal conditions for a banana/epoxy composite as determined previously were used to fabricate a sandwich structure where carbon/Kevlar twill plies acted as the skins. The structure was evaluated based on two experimental tests: low-velocity impact and compression after impact (CAI) tests. Here, the synthetic fiber including Kevlar, carbon, and glass sandwich structures were also tested for comparison purposes. In general, the results showed a low peak load and larger damage area in the optimal banana/epoxy structures. The impact damage area, as characterized by the dye penetration, increased with increasing impact energy. The optimal banana composite and synthetic fiber systems were proven to offer a similar residual strength and normalized strength when higher impact energies were applied. Delamination and fracture behavior were dominant in the optimal banana structures subjected to CAI testing. Finally, optimization of the compounding parameters of the optimal banana fibers improved the impact and CAI properties of the structure, making them comparable to those of synthetic sandwich composites

Inefficient Processing Time as Hidden Time Loss in Assembly Operations

Hidden Time Loss (HTL) occurs along the production processes that have a significant effect to productivity. Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) is the most popular performance measurement tool used in the production line. However, OEE doesn’t really fit in measuring operation performance of manual assembly process and semi-auto assembly process. In this case, there would be the amount of HTL have occurred along the assembly processes that become critical when to involve high product variety in the same production line. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to introduce Inefficient Processing Time (IPT) as one of the component of Time Loss Measures (TLM) in the manual assembly process and semi-auto assembly process. The structure of IPT is developed through a thorough literature study on manufacturing operations and its performance measures. The IPT structure is validated by using case study at five automotive manufacturing companies. The results show that the IPT can contribute to HTL in the manual assembly process and semi-auto assembly process

The elastic properties of unidirectional bamboo fibre reinforced epoxy composites

Natural fibres such as kenaf, jute, bamboo, flax and wood have been the subject of intensive researches in the area of fibre reinforced composite due to their environmental advantages of being renewable, biodegradable and sustainable. Bamboo fibre can be a good choice of natural fibre reinforcement for structural applications due to its excellent strength to weight ratio that is comparable to that of mild steel. In this study, mechanical properties of both continuous and short bamboo fibre reinforced composites are predicted using micromechanical approaches. The finite element method was used where three-dimensional micromechanical representative volume element with square and hexagonal packing geometry was implemented. The results were then compared with the findings from analytical approach that includes the rule of mixture and the Halpin-Tsai model. It was found that for all properties, the FEM and analytical methods give comparable trends of property on volume fraction plots. Furthermore, the longitudinal modulus given by all models are in excellent agreement as it increases linearly with the increase in bamboo fibre volume fraction

Load-deformation analysis on a slope at Gunung Pulai water treatment plant, Sultan Ibrahim reservoir

The Sultan Ibrahim Reservoir located at Gunung Pulai catchment area was previously managed by the Singapore's Public Utilities Board before the Board handed over the reservoir to Johor State Government under current management of the Syarikat Air Johor. At the present time, the Syarikat Air Johor is operating a Gunung Pulai Water Treatment Plant consisted of two main plants, i.e. Water Sedimentation Plant and Water Filtration Plant for treating raw water from the reservoir before supplying to the consumers. However, the integrity of water treatment plant's structure should be checked due to several cracks were observed, and moreover the structure was built over more than 90 years. The formation of the cracks in the Gunung Pulai Water Treatment Plant may be induced by movement of the sloping area to the south-east of Water Sedimentation Plant. The calculated Factor of Safety (FOS) via sensitivity analysis for cross sections of original slope indicates any decrease in friction angle and/or cohesion strength or increase in horizontal seismic load will further cause instability on slope. Also, the results of Load-Deformation analysis on cross sections of original slope show significant vertical displacement and horizontal displacement on the bottom and both sides of sedimentation tanks, respectively. The results indicate applied structural and water loads significantly affect deformation at both vertical and horizontal directions which could have contributed to FOS < 1 in slope stability analysis

Socioeconomic vulnerability and adaptation to environmental risk: A case study of climate change and flooding in Bangladesh

In this article we investigate the complex relationship between environmental risk, poverty, and vulnerability in a case study carried out in one of the poorest and most flood-prone countries in the world, focusing on household and community vulnerability and adaptive coping mechanisms. Based upon the steadily growing amount of literature in this field we develop and test our own analytical model. In a large-scale household survey carried out in southeast Bangladesh, we ask almost 700 floodplain residents living without any flood protection along the River Meghna about their flood risk exposure, flood problems, flood damage, and coping mechanisms. Novel in our study is the explicit testing of the effectiveness of adaptive coping strategies to reduce flood damage costs. We show that, households with lower income and less access to productive natural assets face higher exposure to risk of flooding. Disparity in income and asset distribution at community level furthermore tends to be higher at higher risk exposure levels, implying that individually vulnerable households are also collectively more vulnerable. Regarding the identification of coping mechanisms to deal with flood events, we look at both the ex ante household level preparedness for flood events and the ex post availability of community-level support and disaster relief. We find somewhat paradoxically that the people that face the highest risk of flooding are the least well prepared, both in terms of household-level ex ante preparedness and community-level ex post flood relief. © 2007 Society for Risk Analysis

Revisiting QRS detection methodologies for portable, wearable, battery-operated, and wireless ECG systems

Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death worldwide. Currently, portable battery-operated systems such as mobile phones with wireless ECG sensors have the potential to be used in continuous cardiac function assessment that can be easily integrated into daily life. These portable point-of-care diagnostic systems can therefore help unveil and treat cardiovascular diseases. The basis for ECG analysis is a robust detection of the prominent QRS complex, as well as other ECG signal characteristics. However, it is not clear from the literature which ECG analysis algorithms are suited for an implementation on a mobile device. We investigate current QRS detection algorithms based on three assessment criteria: 1) robustness to noise, 2) parameter choice, and 3) numerical efficiency, in order to target a universal fast-robust detector. Furthermore, existing QRS detection algorithms may provide an acceptable solution only on small segments of ECG signals, within a certain amplitude range, or amid particular types of arrhythmia and/or noise. These issues are discussed in the context of a comparison with the most conventional algorithms, followed by future recommendations for developing reliable QRS detection schemes suitable for implementation on battery-operated mobile devices.Mohamed Elgendi, Björn Eskofier, Socrates Dokos, Derek Abbot

Free vibration analysis and design optimization of SMA/Graphite/Epoxy composite shells in thermal environments

Composite shells, which are being widely used in engineering applications, are often under thermal loads. Thermal loads usually bring thermal stresses in the structure which can significantly affect its static and dynamic behaviors. One of the possible solutions for this matter is embedding Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires into the structure. In the present study, thermal buckling and free vibration of laminated composite cylindrical shells reinforced by SMA wires are analyzed. Brinson model is implemented to predict the thermo-mechanical behavior of SMA wires. The natural frequencies and buckling temperatures of the structure are obtained by employing Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. GDQ is a powerful numerical approach which can solve partial differential equations. A comparative study is carried out to show the accuracy and efficiency of the applied numerical method for both free vibration and buckling analysis of composite shells in thermal environment. A parametric study is also provided to indicate the effects of like SMA volume fraction, dependency of material properties on temperature, lay-up orientation, and pre-strain of SMA wires on the natural frequency and buckling of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composite (SMAHC) cylindrical shells. Results represent the fact that SMAs can play a significant role in thermal vibration of composite shells. The second goal of present work is optimization of SMAHC cylindrical shells in order to maximize the fundamental frequency parameter at a certain temperature. To this end, an eight-layer composite shell with four SMA-reinforced layers is considered for optimization. The primary optimization variables are the values of SMA angles in the four layers. Since the optimization process is complicated and time consuming, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is performed to obtain the orientations of SMA layers to maximize the first natural frequency of structure. The optimization results show that using an optimum stacking sequence for SMAHC shells can increase the fundamental frequency of the structure by a considerable amount