Effectiveness Of Kaltenborn Mobilization Versus Muscle Energy Technique On Shoulder Range Of Motion In Adhesive Capsulitis

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of muscle energy techniques (post isometrics relaxation) and Kaltenborn mobilizations on shoulder range of motion (ROM) in adhesive capsulitis. Methodology: A randomized Control Trial (CRT) was conducted on patients with adhesive capsulitis for 6 months September 2021 to February 2022. Data was collected through a convenient sampling technique. 30 patients were taken from the physiotherapy department of the holy family hospital, Rawalpindi. The sample size was calculated using the Open Epi Tool. Data was collected by using Universal Goniometer at baseline, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks of treatment. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and gave consent were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A & Group B. Group A received muscle energy technique and Group B received grade II & III Kaltenborn mobilizations. Results: Data was analysed using SPSS software version 22. Both groups showed improvements in shoulder range of motion but Group A showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in flexion and abduction ROM from Group B. Conclusion: The muscle energy technique is much more effective in improving flexion and abduction ROM except rotation than Kaltenborn mobilizations in adhesive capsulitis.

A survey on Machine Learning Techniques for Routing Optimization in SDN

In conventional networks, there was a tight bond between the control plane and the data plane. The introduction of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) separated these planes, and provided additional features and tools to solve some of the problems of traditional network (i.e., latency, consistency, efficiency). SDN is a flexible networking paradigm that boosts network control, programmability and automation. It proffers many benefits in many areas, including routing. More specifically, for efficiently organizing, managing and optimizing routing in networks, some intelligence is required, and SDN offers the possibility to easily integrate it. To this purpose, many researchers implemented different machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance SDN routing applications. This article surveys the use of ML techniques for routing optimization in SDN based on three core categories (i.e. supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning). The main contributions of this survey are threefold. Firstly, it presents detailed summary tables related to these studies and their comparison is also discussed, including a summary of the best works according to our analysis. Secondly, it summarizes the main findings, best works and missing aspects, and it includes a quick guideline to choose the best ML technique in this field (based on available resources and objectives). Finally, it provides specific future research directions divided into six sections to conclude the survey. Our conclusion is that there is a huge trend to use intelligence-based routing in programmable networks, particularly during the last three years, but a lot of effort is still required to achieve comprehensive comparisons and synergies of approaches, meaningful evaluations based on open datasets and topologies, and detailed practical implementations (following recent standards) that could be adopted by industry. In summary, future efforts should be focused on reproducible research rather than on new isolated ideas. Otherwise, most of these applications will be barely implemented in practice

Sonographic Evaluation of Splenic Dimensions in Healthy Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women

Objective: To compare the ultrasonographic findings of splenic dimension in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at University Ultrasound Clinic, Lahore from August 2022 to February 2023. A total of 200 females (100 non-pregnant and 100 pregnant) were examined. Mindray and Toshiba Ultrasound Machines were used to perform the ultrasonography. The measurements of splenic length, width, and thickness were recorded. The length of the spleen was measured in a longitudinal view. The width of the spleen was measured in a transverse view. The anteroposterior diameter (thickness) of the spleen was also measured. Results: The overall mean age was 29.0 ± 7.8 years. The mean difference of splenic width, thickness, and volume were significantly higher in pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women i.e., 5.58 ± 1.44 cm vs. 5.15 ± 1.42 cm (p-value 0.033), 6.37 ± 2.56 cm vs. 4.46 ± 1.10 cm (p-value <0.001), and 178.2 ± 97.90 cm³ vs. 118.8 ± 47.57 cm³ (p-value <0.001) respectively. A significant difference of splenic width (p-value <0.001) and thickness (p-value <0.001) were observed with respect to gestational age of the individuals. Moreover, mean difference of splenic width was significantly increased in age group 15-30 years as compared to 31-51 years i.e., 5.68 ± 2.25 cm vs. 4.94 ± 2.00 cm (p-value 0.022) respectively. Conclusion: In pregnancy, the splenic thickness and splenic volume is seen to be increased when compared to non-pregnant women.

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Glycyrrhizin, Curcumin and Cinnamon Prevent From Concanavalin-A and Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury and Oxidative Stress in Mouse Model

Daily exposure to a number of xenobiotics is the major contributing factor to liver injury. The present study investigated the mechanism of hepatoprotection by glycyrrhizin, curcumin and cinnamon in two distinct models of hepatotoxicity i.e., by using Concanavalin-A (ConA) and Acetaminophen (APAP). For this evaluation, balb/c mice were pretreated with glycyrrhizin (200 mg/kg i.g.), curcumin (100 mg/kg i.g.) and cinnamon (200 mg/kg i.g.) extracts for 14 days followed by administration of ConA (15 mg/kg i.v.) and APAP (200 mg/kg i.p.) for 8 hours. At the end of the experiment, mice were dissected and blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis by using one-way ANOVA followed by DMR test was performed for the significance of results. The results showed that pre-treatment of glycyrrhizin, curcumin and cinnamon ameliorated the damaging effects of ConA and APAP on the liver as indicated by the serum transaminase enzymes and total protein levels. In addition, ConA and APAP exerted severe damage on liver tissues as confirmed from the histopathological analysis. However, glycyrrhizin, curcumin and cinnamon prevented liver injury, possibly through antioxidant mechanism. In conclusion, glycyrrhizin, curcumin and cinnamon possessed antioxidant properties with therapeutic potential in liver injury related to oxidative stress

TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES TOWARDS SIGNIFICANCE OF COLLOCATION LEARNING AT GRADUATE LEVEL

Vocabulary learning is the integral part of linguistic proficiency because no-language can be learnt properly without vocabulary storage in cognition. Collocation is the integral part of vocabulary learning as English language has a lot of collocations consisting on their denotative meanings. The study is quantitative in its nature and is conducted through a survey. Selected sample is 100 teachers teaching at graduate level in Multan. Five Likert scale questionnaires are used to note the perception of teacher teaching at graduate level. Analysis is made through the percentage of response and mean value. The study describes that 71% of the teachers have high intentions regarding collocations learning at graduate level and highly recommend making sure collocations part and parcel at graduate level. The disagreeing attitude is shown by 17% of the teachers while 11% remain neutral. The calculated mean value is 3.7 which describe the high intentions of the teachers to include the contents and other relevant constituents of collocations learning in the syllabus

An Algorithm for Data Hiding in Radiographic Images and ePHI/R Application

Telemedicine is the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for clinical health care from a distance. The exchange of radiographic images and electronic patient health information/records (ePHI/R) for diagnostic purposes has the risk of confidentiality, ownership identity, and authenticity. In this paper, a data hiding technique for ePHI/R is proposed. The color information in the cover image is used for key generation, and stego-images are produced with ideal case. As a result, the whole stego-system is perfectly secure. This method includes the features of watermarking and steganography techniques. The method is applied to radiographic images. For the radiographic images, this method resembles watermarking, which is an ePHI/R data system. Experiments show promising results for the application of this method to radiographic images in ePHI/R for both transmission and storage purpose

Examining the effects of news frames as a risk factor of radicalisation

The present study conducted an online experiment to examine whether news frames could cause radicalisation. In the study, 248 participants (age: M = 22.89, SD = 6.77) read and summarised news articles which contained either positive news frames (depict Islamist extremist groups as avengers of the Muslim communities), negative news frames (depict the groups as barbaric), or neutral news frames (news unrelated to Islamist extremism). The analysis revealed an effect of the positive news frames on the acceptance of Islamist extremism, specifically on the attitudes toward Muslim violence by others. The results indicate that news-framing content that narrates the goodness of Islamist extremist group could be a factor in the radicalisation process through media. It is recommended news content regulation is improved especially during times of crisis which could increase the public’s vulnerability to extremism

Metal(II) triazole complexes: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and analytical characterization using machine learning-based validation

The synthesis of many transition metal complexes containing 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (Hdatrz) as a ligand with different counter anions Br⎺, Cl⎺, ClO4⎺ and SO42- has been studied extensively, but the chemistry of transition metal nitrate and acetate compounds and their reactivity are relatively unexplored. In this research work, two new series of metal(II) complexes (M = Ni, Co, and Zn) {[Ni3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](NO3)6 (1), [Co3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](NO3)6 (2), [Zn3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](NO3)6 (3), [Ni3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](OAc)6 (4), [Co3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6] (OAc)6 (5) and [Zn3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](OAc)6 (6)} have been synthesized. These synthesized complexes were characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All six complexes were found to be trinuclear and bridged through the Hdatrz ligand. Spectral data suggested a distorted octahedral environment around the central metal ions in these complexes. It also revealed that the NH and OH groups are involved in hydrogen bonding. These complexes were tested against the fungal strains Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Aspergillus niger. These synthesized complexes have not been observed to have antifungal activities. The machine learning K-nearest neighbours evaluates the analytical characteristics and solubility behavior of the metal complexes. Machine learning models provide results with 75% precision