Pedagogia social em Portugal : sobre o estatuto disciplinar, académico e profissional

Esta dissertação, intitulada “Pedagogia Social em Portugal – Sobre o Estatuto Disciplinar, Académico e Profissional” e conducente ao grau de doutoramento em Ciências da Educação – Especialização em Pedagogia Social, corresponde a um estudo sobre os traços marcantes de identidade disciplinar, académica e profissional da Pedagogia Social em Portugal no contexto da nossa contemporaneidade. Do ponto de vista teórico, optou-se por um quadro de análise centrado na fundamentação e contextualização histórica da Pedagogia Social e na explicitação sobre noções que suportam a identidade epistemológica e antropológica desta ciência da educação, autónoma e específica. Do ponto de vista empírico, optou-se pelo levantamento de dados que permitissem perceber a situação da Pedagogia Social em Portugal, tendo sobretudo em consideração a realidade temporalmente balizada pelas últimas duas décadas (1994-2014), reconhecidas como o período de afirmação e consolidação desta área científica no nosso país. O estudo permitiu recolher dados relevantes, em consonância com os objetivos previamente enunciados, legitimando conclusões sobre os eixos de identidade, os desafios e a importância da Pedagogia Social no panorama educacional português.This thesis entitled "Social Pedagogy in Portugal - About the Disciplinary, Academic and Professional Statue" and leading to a PhD degree in Educational Sciences - Specialization in Social Pedagogy, corresponds to a study of the distinctive features of the disciplinary, academic and professional identity of Social Pedagogy in Portugal, in our contemporary context. From a theoretical point of view, we opted for an analytical framework centered on the historical foundation and context of Social Pedagogy and also on the expression of notions that support the epistemological and anthropological identity of this autonomous and specific educational science. From an empirical point of view, we opted for the collection of data that allowed realizing the state of Social Pedagogy in Portugal, with particular reference to the reality temporarily buoyed by the last two decades (1994- 2014), recognized as the period of affirmation and consolidation of this scientific area in our country. The study allowed collecting relevant data, in line with previously stated objectives, legitimizing conclusions about the identity axes, the challenges and the importance of Social Pedagogy in the Portuguese educational panorama

String/Cdc25 phosphatase as a potential modulator of Tau neurotoxicity

Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularAs tauopatias, grupo onde se inclui a doença de Alzheimer (AD), são caracterizadas pela deposição intracelular de emaranhados neurofibrilares (NFTs), compostos principalmente por formas hiperfosforiladas da proteína Tau, uma proteína que se associa aos microtúbulos. Os mecanismos moleculares subjacentes à neurotoxicidade induzida por Tau não são ainda claros. Drosophila melanogaster tem sido usada para modelar diversas doenças neurodegenerativas humanas, incluindo as tauopatias. Neste trabalho foi usado o sistema visual de Drosophila como modelo para identificar os passos que podem levar à acumulação de Tau em Tauopatias. Durante o desenvolvimento do olho de Drosophila, a expressão ectópica de hTau induz um olho rugoso, em consequência da neurotoxicidade, e que pode ser utilizado para identificar modificadores do fenótipo. A fosfatase codificada por string /cdc25 (stg), um regulador universal da transição G2/M, foi previamente identificada como um supressor da neurotoxicidade associada à expressão da proteina Tau. No entanto, os mecanismos moleculares que estão na base desta interação genética nunca foram estudados, desconhecendo-se também se a atividade fosfatase de Stg/Cdc25 é essencial para modular os níveis de fosforilação de Tau. O objetivo deste projeto consistiu em elucidar os mecanismos que se encontram na base da interação Stg-Tau. Para alcançar este objectivo, usou-se uma abordagem genética e bioquímica. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que Stg é um possível modulador da neurotoxicidade de Tau.Tauopathies, including Alzheimer disease (AD), are characterised by the intracellular deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are mainly composed by hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. The molecular mechanisms of Tau-induced neurotoxicity are still unclear. Drosophila melanogaster has been used to model several human neurodegenerative diseases, including tauopathies. In this work, the Drosophila visual system has been used to elucidate the steps that may lead to accumulation of Tau in Tauopathies. The ectopic expression of hTau during Drosophila eye development induces a rough eye that can be used as readout of Tau neurotoxicity. The phosphatase encoded by string/cdc25 (stg), the universal G2/M regulator, was previously identified as a strong suppressor of Tau-associated neurotoxicity. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this genetic interaction have never been addressed. Whether the phosphatase activity of Stg/Cdc25 is essential to modulate Tau phosphorylation levels also remains unknown. The aim of this project was to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie Stg-Tau interaction, using a genetic and biochemical approach. The results suggest that Stg is a potencial modulator of Tau neurotoxicity

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the Brief Norwegian Safety Climate Inventory (Brief NORSCI)

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Portuguese version of the 11-item Brief Norwegian Safety Climate Inventory (Brief NORSCI) to Portuguese language and test its validity and reliability in a Portuguese LPG plant. The validity was assessed by an Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA). The test-retest reliability and internal consistency were determined by using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s Alpha, respectively. The Brief NORSCI was translated into the Portuguese language using a forward-backward translation design. The Portuguese version was then applied to a sample of 80 workers. After a 2-week period, workers were asked to fill out a second questionnaire to assess the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of Brief NORSCI. In the test-retest, the ICC for the Brief NORSCI total score was moderate (0.70) and the Cronbach’s Alpha showed an acceptable internal consistency (=0.80). In addition, from the EFA resulted three dimensions according to the theoretical assumptions. The Portuguese version of Brief NORSCI was found to be a valid and a reliable tool to assess safety climate.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lesões proliferativas gástricas induzidas pelo refluxo duodenogástrico em ratos

PURPOSE: To analyze mucosal proliferation and its characteristics, through specific models of duodenogastric reflux, in the stomach of Wistar rats. METHODS: Seventy-five healthy and adult male rats were divided into three groups: group I - control (n = 25 animals), submitted to gastrotomy of the posterior wall of the glandular stomach; group II - DGR (n = 25 animals), submitted to duodenogastric reflux through latero-lateral gastrojejunal anastomosis in the posterior wall of the glandular stomach and group III - DGR-P (n = 25 animals), submitted to duodenogastric reflux through the pylorus following the same procedure of group II, sectioning and closing the afferent loop. The animals were observed during 36 weeks and subsequently the mucosal lesions were analyzed, with macroscopic and microscopic examination of the prepyloric, the gastrojejunostomy and the squamous area of the stomach. RESULTS: Group I did not present any kind of lesion. Macroscopic lesions of the prepyloric area in groups II and III were 0% and 20%, respectively. Macroscopic lesions of the gastrojejunal stoma in groups II and III were 36% and 88%, respectively, and 12% and 28%, respectively, in the squamous area. Microscopically, adenomatous hyperplasia (AH), squamous hyperplasia (SH) and adenocarcinoma (AC) were diagnosed. The occurrence of AH at the prepyloric area in groups II and III was 0% and 40%, respectively, and in the gastrojejunal stoma, 40% and 72%, respectively. The occurrence of SH in the squamous area in groups II and III was 12% and 20%, respectively, without statistical differences between the groups. AC was found only in three animals of groups III (12%). CONCLUSIONS: The duodenogastric reflux in this experimental model caused high frequency of proliferative lesions of the gastrojejunal stoma and in the prepyloric area, while adenocarcinoma was a rare occurrence.OBJETIVO: Avaliar as lesões proliferativas que se desenvolvem na mucosa gástrica de ratos Wistar após modelo específico de refluxo duodeno-gástrico. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 75 ratos adultos machos divididos em três grupos experimentais: o grupo I (controle) submetido a gastrotomia na parede posterior do estômago glandular (25 animais); o grupo II (RDG), foi submetido a gastrojejunoanastomose látero-lateral na parede posterior do estômago glandular (25 animais) e o grupo III (RDG-P) submetido a gastrojejunoanastomose látero-lateral na parede posterior do estômago glandular, com secção e fechamento da alça (25 animais). Os animais foram observados durante 36 semanas, após o que foram realizados estudos macroscópicos e microscópicos da anastomose gastrojejunal, da região pré-pilórica e região escamosa do estômago. RESULTADOS: Os animais do Grupo I não apresentaram nenhum tipo de lesão. No grupo II observou-se 40% de lesões do tipo hiperplasia adenomatosa na anastomose e 12% de hiperplasia escamosa. No grupo III obteve-se 40% de hiperplasia adenomatosa na mucosa pré-pilórica, 72 % de hiperplasia adenomatosa na mucosa da anastomose, 20% de hiperplasia escamosa e 12 % de adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSÕES: O refluxo duodeno-gástrico induz a alta freqüência de lesões proliferativas na mucosa adjacente à anastomose gastrojejunal ou na mucosa pré-pilórica e o adenocarcinoma é um evento raro neste modelo experimental.20721

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN A QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITY: EMPHASIS ON CHRONIC DISEASES

Objective: To understand the ethnopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plants used to treat chronic diseases in a quilombola community in the Brazilian Amazon.Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study using a semi-structured questionnaire in a quilombola community in Macapá, Amapá (Brazil), from March to June 2022. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics.Results: In the quilombola community, women are the main holders of knowledge about medicinal plants, usually acquired from their parents/grandparents. Among the various plants mentioned, boldo was the most frequently mentioned (13.78%) for treating liver diseases, followed by mastruz (6.89%) for inflammatory issues.Conclusion: The study's results made it possible to understand the ethnopharmacological knowledge of phytotherapy in treating chronic non-communicable diseases and how it can act in an alternative and positive way in the clinical manifestations or complications caused by these diseases

Fostering innovation in the treatment of chronic polymicrobial cystic fibrosis-associated infections exploring aspartic acid and succinic acid as ciprofloxacin adjuvants

Cystic fibrosis (CF) disease provokes the accumulation of thick and viscous sputum in the lungs, favoring the development of chronic and polymicrobial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main bacterium responsible for these chronic infections, and much of the difficulty involved in eradicating it is due to biofilm formation. However, this could be mitigated using adjuvant compounds that help or potentiate the antibiotic action. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to search for substances that function as adjuvants and also as biofilm-controlling compounds, preventing or dismantling P. aeruginosa biofilms formed in an in vitro CF airway environment. Dual combinations of compounds with subinhibitory (1 and 2 mg/L) and inhibitory concentrations (4 mg/L) of ciprofloxacin were tested to inhibit the bacterial growth and biofilm formation (prophylactic approach) and to eradicate 24-h-old P. aeruginosa populations, including planktonic cells and biofilms (treatment approach). Our results revealed that aspartic acid (Asp) and succinic acid (Suc) restored ciprofloxacin action against P. aeruginosa. Suc combined with 2 mg/L of ciprofloxacin (Suc-Cip) was able to eradicate bacteria, and Asp combined with 4 mg/L of ciprofloxacin (AspCip) seemed to eradicate the whole 24-h-old populations, including planktonic cells and biofilms. Based on biomass depletion data, we noted that Asp induced cell death and Suc seemed somehow to block or reduce the expression of ciprofloxacin resistance. As far as we know, this kind of action had not been reported up till now. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia cenocepacia did not affect the efficacy of the AspCip and SucCip therapies against P. aeruginosa and, also important, P. aeruginosa depletion from polymicrobial communities did not create a window of opportunity for these species to thrive. Rather the contrary, Asp and Suc also improved ciprofloxacin action against B. cenocepacia. Further studies on the cytotoxicity using lung epithelial cells indicated toxicity of SucCip caused by the Suc. In conclusion, we provided evidences that Asp and Suc could be potential ciprofloxacin adjuvants to eradicate P. aeruginosa living within polymicrobial communities. AspCip and SucCip could be promising therapeutic options to cope with CF treatment failures.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020— Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors acknowledge COMPETE2020 and FCT for the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029841 and for Scientific Employment Stimulus 2017 (CEECIND/01507/2017) provided to ASinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Indirect Effects of Oral Tolerance Inhibit Pulmonary Granulomas to Schistosoma mansoni Eggs

Parenteral injection of tolerated proteins into orally tolerant mice inhibits the initiation of immunological responses to unrelated proteins and blocks severe chronic inflammatory reactions of immunological origin, such as autoimmune reactions. This inhibitory effect which we have called “indirect effects of oral tolerance” is also known as “bystander suppression.” Herein, we show that i.p. injection of OVA + Al(OH)3 minutes before i.v. injection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs into OVA tolerant mice blocked the increase of pulmonary granulomas. In addition, the expression of ICAM-1 in lung parenchyma in areas outside the granulomas of OVA-orally tolerant mice was significantly reduced. However, at day 18 after granuloma induction there was no difference in immunofluorescency intensity to CD3, CD4, F4/80, andα-SMA per granuloma area of tolerant and control groups. Reduction of granulomas by reexposure to orally tolerated proteins was not correlated with a shift in Th-1/Th-2 cytokines in serum or lung tissue extract

Effects of combined training in individual with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Purpose of the article: This study aims to evaluate the literature, peer-reviewed clinical trial investigating the effects of combined exercise interventions on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.Materials and methods: Various databases, using various descriptors and Boolean operators were utilized.Results: Eight studies meet the eligibility criteria. Regarding the anthropometric measures/bodycomposition variable, the meta-analysis revealed that combined physical exercise did not have a significant effect (standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.16; 95% CI, −0.34 to 0.03; Z = 1.68; p = 0.09). For the lipid profile variable, the combined exercise interventions did not show a significant effect(SMD = −0.07; 95% CI, −0.43 to 0.29; Z = 0.38; p = 0.71). Combined exercise training had a significant effect on increasing functional capacity (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.54; Z = 2.03; p = 0.04),cardiorespiratory function (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.26; Z = 3.41; p ≤ 0.001), and strength (SMD =0.77; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.08; Z = 4.78; p ≤ 0.001).Conclusions: Participants from the intervention group that took part in combined exercise trainings howed a higher probability of improving their functional, cardiorespiratory, and strength capacity compared to the control group.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

THE CURRENT REALITY OF THE INCLUSION OF FIGHT MODALITIES IN SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARRA DO GARÇAS-MT

Embora o currículo da Educação Física nas escolas inclua as lutas, elas continuam recebendo pouca importância. Este estudo buscou identificar a realidade atual da aplicação das lutas na Educação Física escolar, em Barra do Garças-MT, trazendo uma comparação com o município do Rio de Janeiro-RJ. Trata-se de um estudo primário observacional e transversal com duas formas de observação, descritiva e comparativa, utilizando questionário adaptado previamente aplicado e validado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro–RJ, composto por 9 questões fechadas. Foram entrevistados 12 profissionais de Educação Física (4 mulheres e 8 homens) de escolas públicas de Barra do Garças-MT. O presente estudo apresenta resultados que sugerem que a não inclusão desses conteúdos não se deve ao desinteresse dos profissionais ou alunos, mas sim, à formação acadêmica insuficiente. As lutas devem ter a mesma importância que outros conteúdos do currículo do curso de Educação Física, sendo estimulada a inclusão desse conteúdo.Aunque el currículo de Educación Física en las escuelas incluye peleas, éstas continúan recibiendo poca importancia. Este estudio buscó identificar la realidad actual de la aplicación de las luchas en la Educación Física escolar, en Barra do Garças-MT, trayendo una comparación con la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro-RJ. Se trata de un estudio observacional primario y transversal con dos formas de observación, descriptiva y comparativa, utilizando un cuestionario adaptado previamente aplicado y validado en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro-RJ, compuesto por 9 preguntas cerradas. Fueron entrevistados doce profesionales de Educación Física (4 mujeres y 8 hombres) de escuelas públicas de Barra do Garças-MT. El presente estudio presenta resultados que sugieren que la no inclusión de estos contenidos no se debe a la falta de interés de los profesionales o estudiantes, sino a una formación académica insuficiente. Las peleas deben tener la misma importancia que otros contenidos del currículo de la asignatura de Educación Física, y se fomenta la inclusión de este contenido.Although the Physical Education curriculum in schools includes fights, they continue to receive little importance. This study sought to identify the current reality of the application of struggles in school Physical Education, in Barra do Garças-MT, bringing a comparison with the city of Rio de Janeiro-RJ. This is a primary observational and cross-sectional study with two forms of observation, descriptive and comparative, using an adapted questionnaire previously applied and validated in the city of Rio de Janeiro-RJ, consisting of 9 closed questions. Twelve Physical Education professionals (4 women and 8 men) from public schools in Barra do Garças-MT were interviewed. The present study presents results that suggest that the non-inclusion of these contents is not due to the lack of interest of professionals or students, but to insufficient academic training. The fights must have the same importance as other contents of the curriculum of the Physical Education course, and the inclusion of this content is encouraged