Estudi del desenvolupament d’un protocol per la generació de plans estratègics de sostenibilitat en indústries tèxtils

La situació climàtica actual ha arribat a un punt d’inflexió i les desigualtats socials s’han accentuat, per això les persones i les organitzacions han hagut de començar a assumir rols de lideratge per tal de fer front al model econòmic actual a través de models de negoci de desenvolupament sostenible que posin en valor les persones i el medi ambient, especialment els sectors més contaminats com la indústria tèxtil. Dins aquest context, aquest projecte pretén dotar de recursos a aquelles organitzacions del sector tèxtil que vulguin fer un pas endavant en la gestió de la sostenibilitat. Per a tal fi, en aquest projecte s’estudia la creació d’un protocol que guiï a les empreses amb l’objectiu de definir i estructurar la seva estratègia de sostenibilitat sense necessitat d’inversió de recursos econòmics addicionals. A través de la definició d’uns arquetips (definits a partir de la fase de recerca), una comparativa d’estratègies de sostenibilitat entre empreses del sector, i la utilització i verificació de dues plataformes digitals de mesura d’impacte social i ambiental, com la contribució als Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible, s’ha desenvolupat un protocol que indica els passos a seguir per a la definició d’una estratègia de sostenibilitat amb estructura piramidal. S’ha conclòs amb la creació d’un protocol que inclou la definició dels nivells d’una estratègia de sostenibilitat exceptuant els dos nivells inferiors, el de metes i indicadors i el pla d’acció. I addicionalment, s’ha definit un Manual que explica en detall com realitzar el protocol i que incorpora exemples de gran ús per les organitzacion

Modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques de la caséine micellaire en présence du peptide f1-8 généré par hydrolyse trypsique de la bêta-lactoglobuline

Le peptide f1-8 (Pf1-8) obtenu par hydrolyse trypsique de la β-lactoglobuline a démontré plusieurs caractéristiques d'intérêt. En effet, outre sa capacité d'auto-assemblage et son caractère hydrophobe, il fait partie d'un groupe de peptides (tels que les peptides f9-14, f15-40, f142-148 de la β-lactoglobuline) ayant la capacité de se lier à certaines protéines du lait et de modifier le profil de dénaturation thermique de la β-lactoglobuline, probablement par des interactions hydrophobes avec le noyau hydrophobe de la protéine. Les caséines (CN) représentent à elles seules près de 80% de la totalité des protéines de lait bovin. Leur acidification à pH 4,6 engendre des changements structurels majeurs dans la micelle qui précipite au voisinage du point isoélectrique. L'objectif de ce projet était d'étudier les changements des propriétés physicochimiques des CN micellaires en présence du peptide Pf1-8. Ce peptide a été produit par hydrolyse trypsique d'un isolat de protéines de lactosérum, isolé par ultrafiltration, concentré par osmose inverse et purifié par lavages successifs et par centrifugation (pureté de 91%). Différentes solutions modèles (pH 6,6) avec des ratio CN: Pf1-8 de 1: 1, 5: 1 et 10: 1 (concentrations respectives de 2,5: 2,5, 2,5: 0,5 et 2,5: 0,25 mg / mL) ont été testées. Pour chaque solution dont les pHs variaient de 6,6 à 2,6, la solubilité de la CN, la taille et la potentielle interaction des protéines avec le Pf1-8 ont été déterminées par SEC-HPLC et SDS-PAGE. Aucune précipitation de la CN n'a été observée dans toute la plage de pH testée pour la solution à un ratio de 1: 1. Cependant, pour des échantillons à un ratio de 10: 1 et 5: 1 de CN: f1-8, une précipitation a été observée à pH 4,6. Les analyses par SDS-PAGE et SEC-HPLC ont démontré la formation d'agrégats impliquant le Pf1-8 et une ou plusieurs espèces caséiques pour tous les pHs testés, et une augmentation de la solubilité ainsi qu’une diminution de la taille des CN micellaires. Par conséquent, ces résultats démontrent que le peptide Pf1-8 est capable de modifier les propriétés physicochimiques de la CN, représentant ainsi un stabilisant potentiel des protéines dans les formulations laitières.The peptide f1-8 (Pf1-8) obtained by tryptic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin has demonstrated several characteristics of interest. Indeed, in addition to its capacity for self-assembly and its hydrophobicity, it is part of a group of peptides (such as peptides f9-14, f15-40, f142-148 of β-lactoglobulin) having the ability to bind to some milk proteins (like β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin) and change the thermal denaturation profile, probably by hydrophobic interactions with the hydrophobic core of β-lactoglobulin. Caseins (CNs) alone account for nearly 80% of the total bovine milk protein. Their acidification at pH 4.6 causes major structural changes in the micelle and are precipitated in the vicinity of isoelectric point. The goal of this project was to study the changes in the physicochemical properties of micellar CN in the presence of peptide Pf1-8. This peptide was produced by tryptic hydrolysis of a whey protein isolate, isolated by ultrafiltration, concentrated by reverse osmosis and water washed by centrifugation to purify (91% purity). Different model solutions (pH 6.6) with CN:Pf1-8 ratios of 1:1, 5:1 and 10:1 (respective concentrations of 2.5:2.5, 2.5:0.5, and 2.5:0.25 mg/mL) were tested. For each solution, the solubility of the CN, size by SEC-HPLC, and protein-interaction by SDS-PAGE were determined at various pHs ranging from 6.6 to 2.6. No CN precipitation was observed in the whole range of pH tested for the solution at 1:1 ratio. However, for samples at ratio 10:1 and 5:1 of CN:f1-8, the precipitation was observed at pH 4.6. Analyses by SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC demonstrated the formation of aggregates involving Pf1-8 and one or more CNs for all tested pHs, and increase in the solubility, and decrease in the size. Consequently, our results demonstrate that Pf1-8 peptide can modify the physicochemical properties of CN thus representing as a potential protein stabilizer in dairy formulations

Study on the technical feasibility of biodiesel production from cane wax oil

Orientador: Daniel Barrera ArellanoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: O óleo de cera de cana-de-açúcar constitui 25% da cera bruta. O aproveitamento da fração óleo representa uma necessidade urgente que garanta o destino deste material e sua valorização, pois se trata da fração menos nobre e de menor valor agregado em relação às frações contidas na cera. O programa de biocombustíveis brasileiro requer grandes quantidades de óleos para a produção de biodiesel. A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade em transformar o óleo de cera de cana-de-açúcar em ésteres etílicos (Biodiesel) através de uma catálise ácida. Este estudo envolveu as etapas de caracterização do óleo de cera de cana-de-açúcar, reação de esterificação, otimização da reação de esterificação pelo monitoramento da redução da acidez, tentativa de determinação dos ésteres etílicos e a investigação de outros componentes lipídicos presentes no óleo de cera de cana-de-açúcar que poderiam ter efeito na eficiência da reação de esterificação. O óleo apresentou como principais ácidos graxos, os ácidos palmítico (31,8%), linolênico (28,7%), linoléico e oléico (21,2%) e triacontanóico (7,8%). Os monoacilgliceróis e os ácidos graxos livres são predominantes neste material, representando juntos 66,6% das classes lipídicas. Após a reação de esterificação, utilizaram-se as técnicas de RMN-1H, ésteres etílicos totais e famílias de lipídios por CG além de espectroscopia por infravermelho para determinação dos ésteres etílicos totais, porém sem resultados positivos. A técnica de espectrometria de massa (ESI-MS e ESI-FT-MS) revelou a existência de componentes lipídicos oxidados, além de outros não identificados no óleo de cera de cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados indicam que o óleo de cera de cana-de-açúcar é uma amostra complexa, altamente hidrolisada, de insaturação média, mas com baixa estabilidade oxidativa, indicativo, portanto, de uma matéria-prima inadequada para a produção de biodiesel. A determinação de ésteres etílicos totais em óleo de cera de cana-de-açúcar após esterificação pelas três metodologias testadas mostrou-se ineficiente, sendo necessária a revisão das técnicas para contar com um método confiável para esta determinação neste tipo de amostraAbstract: Sugar cane wax oil makes up 25% of crude wax. The exploitation of the oil fraction represents an urgent need to ensure a destination for this material and its valorization, for it is the less noble and less valuable fraction contained in the wax. The Brazilian biofuels program requires large amounts of oils for biodiesel production. The purpose of this study was to investigate viability of the transformation of sugar cane wax oil into ethyl esters (Biodiesel) through acid catalysis. This study comprised the stages of characterization of sugar cane wax oil, esterification reaction, esterification reaction optimization by means of reducing the acidity, attempt at ethyl esters characterization and investigation of other lipidic components present in the sugar cane wax oil that could possibly have an effect on the efficiency of the esterification reaction. The oil presented its major fatty acids as palmitic (31.8%), linolenic (28.7%), oleic and linoleic (21.2%) and triacontanoic (7.8%). The monoglycerides and free fatty acids are predominant in this fraction, together representing 66.6% of lipid classes. After the esterification reaction, the following techniques were used: 1H-NMR; ethyl esters and total lipids by GC families; infrared spectroscopy for determination of total ethyl esters in oil after esterification. However, none yielded positive results. Mass spectometry (ESI-MS and ESI-FT-MS) revealed the existence of presence of oxidated lipid components as well as unknown lipid components. The results indicated that sugar cane wax oil is a complex sample, highly hydrolyzed, of medium unsaturatation and with low oxidative stability, indicating not to be a suitable source material for biodiesel production. The determination of total ethyl esters in sugar cane wax oil after esterification by three tested methods proved itself inefficient, requiring a review of the techniques in order to achieve a reliable method for such determination in this type of sampleMestradoEngenharia de AlimentosMestre em Tecnologia de Alimento

From the inner castle: letters from María de Maeztu to María Martos de Baeza

María de Maeztu y Whitney (1881-1948), Basque pedagogue, developed an extensive career as an advocate for the education of Spanish women, especially through her charge as Head of the Residencia de Señoritas of Madrid between 1915 and 1936, but also from other instances, as the impulse of the Lyceum Club or a ceaseless work as writer and lecturer. Her «work» led her to keep close contacts with women in different areas, both in the field of intellectual and social environments; those contacts left constancy in an abundant correspondence deposited in the archive of the Residencia de Señoritas of Madrid (arsm). We collect in this section of documentation eight letters that María de Maeztu wrote to María Martos Arregui (1888-1981), wife of the translator and theatre director Ricardo Baeza. The letters cover a period of eight years, from 1924 to 1932, and they combine the intimate confessions from the «inner Castle» with the description of social and political events of the time. They are, therefore, essential documents to understand the world of the women who contributed to encourage the Spanish way of life with new airs in the twenties and thirties, but airs not free of contradictions.María de Maeztu y Whitney (1881-1948), pedagoga vasca, desarrolló una amplia trayectoria como defensora de la educación de las mujeres españolas, especialmente a través de la dirección de la Residencia de Señoritas de Madrid entre 1915 y 1936, pero también desde otras instancias, como el impulso del Lyceum Club o una incesante labor como articulista y conferenciante. Su «obra» la llevó a mantener estrechos contactos con mujeres destacadas en diferentes ámbitos, tanto en el terreno intelectual como en el social; y de esos contactos queda constancia en una abundante correspondencia depositada en el Archivo de la Residencia de Señoritas de Madrid (arsm). Recogemos en este apartado de documentación ocho cartas que María de Maeztu escribió a María Martos Arregui (1888-1981), esposa del traductor y director teatral Ricardo Baeza. Las cartas abarcan un período de ocho años, de 1924 a 1932, y en ellas se conjugan las confesiones íntimas, desde el «castillo interior», con la relación de acontecimientos sociales y políticos del momento. Son, por tanto, documentos esenciales para comprender el mundo de las mujeres que en los años 20 y 30 contribuyeron a animar la vida española con aires nuevos, aunque no exentos de contradicciones

A depuración do maxisterio primário na província de Pontevedra (1936-1942)

In this paper, we deal with the teachers’ purge in the province of Pontevedra. We start from our previous publications since the beginning of 2000, by way of books, papers and communications to congresses, articles in journals, presence in different local forums and institutional events, summer courses, press, etc., with new refinements and progresses, product of the constant attention to the issue. From the temporal point of view, the process of purge extends basically between 1936 and1942, although the review of the sanctions imposed began before the end of the civil war, and in some noted cases it was extended until the 70s. In terms of the sources consulted, we offer new contributions through the sources to whichwe had access, including the oral ones, very important for the study of this topic related to the recovery of historical memory.En este artículo nos ocupamos de la depuración del Magisterio en la provincia de Pontevedra. Partimos del publicado por nosotros hasta ahora desde comienzos del año 2000, bien a manera de libros, ponencias y comunicaciones en congresos, artículos en revistas, bien con la presencia en distintos foros locales y actos institucionales, cursos de verano, prensa etc., con nuevas matizaciones y avances, producto de la atención constante al tema. Desde el punto de vista temporal, el proceso de depuración se extiende básicamente entre 1936 y 1942, aunque ya antes del final de la contienda civil se comenzó con la revisión de las sanciones impuestas que, en algunos casos significados, llegaron hasta el principio de los años 70. En cuanto a las fuentes consultadas, ofrecemos nuevas aportaciones a través de las fuentes a las que tuvimos acceso, entre ellas las orales, importantísimas para el estudio de esta temática relacionada con la recuperación de la memoria histórica.Neste artigo ocupámonos da depuración do Maxisterio na provincia de Pontevedra. Partimos do publicado por nós ata agora desde comezos do ano 2000, ben a xeito de libros, relatorios e comunicacións en congresos, artigos en revistas, ben coa presenza en distintos foros locais e actos institucionais, cursos de verán, prensa etc., con novas matizacións e avances, produto da atención constante ao tema. Desde o punto de vista temporal, o proceso de depuración esténdese basicamente entre 1936 e 1942, aínda que xa antes do final da contenda civil se comezou coa revisión das sancións impostas que, nalgúns casos significados, chegaron ata o principio dos anos 70. En canto ás fontes consultadas, ofrecemos novas achegas a través das fontes ás que tivemos acceso, entre elas as orais, importantísimas para o estudo desta temática relacionada coa recuperación da memoria histórica.Neste artigo ocupamos-nos da depuração do Magisterio na província de Pontevedra. Partimos do publicado por nós até agora desde começos do ano 2000, bem a maneira de livros, conferências e comunicações em congressos, artigos em revistas, bem com a presença em diferentes foros locais e actos institucionais, cursos de verão, imprensa etc., com novas qualificações e avanços, produto da atenção constante ao tema. Desde o ponto de vista temporária, o processo de depuração estende-se basicamente entre 1936 e 1942, ainda que já dantes do final da contenda civil se começou com a revisão das sanções impostas que, em alguns casos significados, chegaram até o princípio dos anos 70. Quanto às fontes consultadas, oferecemos novas contribuições através das fontes às que tivemos acesso, entre elas as orais, importantísimas para o estudo desta temática relacionada com a recuperação da memória histórica

Peptide Characterization Of Mature Fluorotic And Control Human Enamel

Exposure to high fluoride levels during amelogenesis causes enamel fluorosis. This study aimed to determine and compare the amino acid sequences in the enamel of fluorotic and control teeth. This investigation included enamel samples obtained from erupted and non-erupted third molars with either TF grade 4-6 (n=7) fluorosis or no sign of fluorosis (controls, n=7). The samples were kept frozen at -20 °C until protein extraction. Samples were etched and processed with a cocktail of proteinase inhibitors and immediately analyzed. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-Of-Flight/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) followed by MASCOT search aided the peptides analysis. The more abundant peptides bore the N-terminal amelogenin sequences WYQSIRPPYP (which is specific for the X-encoded amelogenin) and MPLPPHPGHPGYINF (which does not show sexual dimorphism) were not different in control or fluorotic enamel. There was no missing proteolytic cleavage in the fluorotic samples, which suggested that the increased amount of protein described in fluorotic enamel did not stem from the decreased ability of proteinases to cleave the proteins in humans. This study showed how to successfully obtain peptide from superficial enamel. A relatively low number of teeth was sufficient to provide good data on the actual peptides found in mature enamel.271667

Analysis of 17 STR data on 5362 southern Portuguese individuals—an update on reference database

The main objective of this work consisted of the updating of allele frequencies and other relevant forensic parameters for the 17 autosomal STR loci provided by the combination of the two types of kits used routinely in our laboratory casework: AmpF/STR Identifiler® and the Powerplex® 16 Systems. This aim was of significant importance, given that the last study on these kits within the southern Portuguese population dates back to 2006, and, as a consequence, it was necessary to correct the deviation caused by population evolution over the last ten years so that they might be better applied to our forensic casework. For this reason genetic data from 5362 unrelated Caucasian Portuguese individuals from the south of Portugal who were involved in paternity testing casework from 2005 to 2014 was used. Of all the markers, TPOX proved to be the least polymorphic, and Penta E the most. Secondly, this up-to-date southern Portuguese population was compared not only with the northern and central Portuguese populations, but also with that of southern Portugal in 2006, along with populations from Spain, Italy, Greece, Romania, Morocco, Angola and Korea in order to infer information about the relatedness of these respective populations, and the variation of the southern Portuguese population over time.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio