La presencia del arabismo en la antroponimia hispánica contemporánea

En esta tesis hemos llevado a cabo un trabajo de investigación a partir de la formación de dos corpus: el primero sobre los apellidos hispánicos procedentes de arabismos y el segundo sobre los nombres personales –nombres de pila– de origen arábigo en la antroponimia hispánica contemporánea. Todo ello, con el fin de mostrar la huella arábiga en la onomástica hispánica actual y el estudio de la onomástica como reflejo de la historia social. Además, hemos realizado un análisis de los rasgos principales de los elementos constituyentes de estos corpus y su comparación con sus equivalentes románicos, contrastando los sistemas onomásticos árabe e hispánico y su evolución.A nuestro parecer, aunque últimamente disponemos de importantes estudios sobre el tema, principalmente en el ámbito de la antroponimia románica, cuyos autores pertenecen al equipo PatRom; no se ha prestado la atención que merece el elemento árabe en los dominios iberorrománicos. Este estudio no es solo un trabajo de recopilación, sino también un intento de avanzar en el conocimiento de la etimología de algunos antropónimos en relación con el contexto histórico en el que se producen las principales aportaciones del árabe a la antroponimia hispánica y a la onomástica en general. Para estos fines, hemos divido el estudio en dos partes principales..

Role of conventional MRI and MR arthrography in evaluating shoulder joint capsulolabral-ligamentous injuries in athletic versus non-athletic population

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess diagnostic value of direct MR arthrography compared to conventional MR imaging in the diagnosis of different pathologic entities affecting the capsule-labral complex in athletic and non-athletic population.Subjects and methodsThis study included 60 patients complaining of shoulder pain. Conventional MRI and MR arthrography (MRA) were done for all cases. The musculoskeletal radiologist reviewed the images for evidence of pathologies of the labroligamentous complex. Inter-observer agreement was determined with kappa statistics, and the diagnostic accuracy of each technique was calculated.ResultsComparing the sensitivity of conventional MRI versus MRA was done by correlating the final diagnosis of each modality with the results of arthroscopy. MRI revealed sensitivity (SEN) of 72%, specificity (SPE) of 78%, while MRA revealed a SEN of 78%, SPE of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 21%.ConclusionMR techniques cannot replace arthroscopy; however, they could be a potent additional tool for diagnosis of the main pathological affection of the shoulder joint guided by the type of the population, which proved to have good impact on the diagnosis. The capsulolabral and ligamentous injuries are more common at the athletic group while the non-athletic population are more prone to rotator cuff tendons injury

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACT ON CISPLATIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and nephroprotective efficacy of moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE) against cisplatin which induced acute renal injury. Methods: Forty male Wister rats were equally segregated into 4 groups (10 rats per group): group I (0.5 ml of sterile saline orally), group II (200 mg MOSE/kg b. wt orally for 10 consecutive days), group III (7.5 mg cisplatin/kg b. wt/intraperitonially as a single dose on the 5th day of the experiment) and group IV (200 mg moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE)/kg orally for 10 d followed by 7.5 mg cisplatin/kg body weight/intraperitonially once as a single dose on the 5th day of the experiment. Serum biochemical analysis of renal biomarkers (urea, uric acid, and creatinine), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA]), a crucial antioxidant enzyme (catalase) and the expression of renal activity interleukin (IL)-6, (IL)-10 and Tumer necrotic factor (TNF-α) mRNA were determined. Histopathological examination of renal tissue was done. Results: Cisplatin induced renal damage, increased renal biomarkers (urea, creatinine and uric acid)(375.87±1.65, 5.238±0.25, 4.47±0.25). Tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, IL-6 and TNF-α.(387.56±0.97, 2.188±0.20, 3.06±0.27)compared to control group(140.58±1.25,0.938±0.017, 1.24±0.17), (163.99±1.34, 1.008±0.05, 0.982±0.026) Moreover, cisplatin induced significantly down-regulation of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and catalase (0.780±0.47, 1.62±0.06) compared to control one (1.010±0.02, 3.12±0.11),. The histopathological examination showed renal tissue damage and degeneration of tubules in the cortical portion in cisplatin group. However, interestingly concurrent adminsteration of the MOSE with cisplatin can alleviated the renal damage, oxidative stress and renal toxicity caused by cisplatin. Conclusion: These results suggest that the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of MOSE alleviate the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

Study of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 marker serum level in cases of malignant epithelial ovarian tumors

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the level of LRG1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases with benign ovarian masses and to evaluate results in relation to CA125.Methods: An observational prospective controlled study was done on 70 patients admitted to El Shatby Maternity University Hospital, Oncology department categorized as follows: study group (group I) included 35 patients, with epithelial ovarian malignancy confirmed by histopathological examination and control group (group Il) included 35 patients with benign ovarian tumors confirmed by histopathological examination. Determination of Serum LRGI level by using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay with CA125 tumor marker analysis were done for all cases of both groups.Results: As regard comparison between the two studied groups according to CA125 and LRGI. CA125 in group I ranged from 14.90 to 4600 with a mean value 856.73±1104.03, in group II ranged from 7.45 to 523 with a mean value of 51.97±86.14. LRGI in group I ranged from 62.46 to 653.98 with a mean value of 130.86±119.78, in group Il ranged from 47.73 to 261.78 with a mean value of 77.35±38.75. There was statistically significant difference between the two studied groups regarding CA125 and LRGI (p≤0.05).Conclusions: LRG1 can be used as promising tumor marker to diagnose epithelial malignant ovarian cancer with or without CA125 tumor marker as it was significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer patients

The Influence of Serum Leptin Level and Body Mass Index on the Prognosis of Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

Background: More research is ongoing on obesity as a risk factor for cancer occurrence.Cell of origin (COO), stage and National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) are frequently used for risk evaluation and treatment tailoring in patients with Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Relatively, few studies assessed the prognostic role of obesity and leptin level in patients with DLBCL. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity and leptin level on response and prognosis in DLBCL. Methods: A single institution prospective study that included patients with DLBCL. For each patient, demographic data, body mass index (BMI), serum leptin level by ELISA, response and survival were determined. Results: Seventeen (24.3%) out of the 70 patients in our cohort were classified as obese (BMI>30). They had a higher serum leptin level (p < 0.001) and less response to R-CHOP chemotherapy (P= 0.003). Forty (57.14%) patients had elevated serum leptin level with B symptoms, Cell of origin and response to chemotherapy were significantly different between the two groups.  There was no significant relationship between BMI and survival. On the other hand, higher serum leptin was associated with worse disease-free survival (p=0.035). Conclusion: The results support a relationship between both BMI and serum leptin level and response to treatment in DLBCL patients. Leptin level like other common prognostic factors is related to disease-free survival

Economic Load Dispatch problem based on Search and Rescue optimization algorithm

The Search and Rescue optimization algorithm (SAR) is a recent metaheuristic inspired by the exploration’s behaviour for humans throughout search and rescue processes. The SAR is applied to solve the Combined Emission and Economic Dispatch (CEED) and Economic Load Dispatch (ELD). The comparative performance of SAR against several metaheuristic methods was performed to assess its reliability. These algorithms include the Earthworm optimization algorithm (EWA), Grey wolf optimizer (GWO), Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA) and Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) for the same two networks study. Also, the proposed SAR method is compared with other literature algorithms such as Sine Cosine algorithm, Monarch butterfly optimization, Artificial Bee Colony, Chimp Optimization Algorithm, Moth search algorithm. The cases applied in this work are seven cases: three cases of 6-unit for ELD issue, three cases of 6-unit for CEED issue and 10-unit for ELD problem. The evaluation of counterparts is performed for 30 different runs based on measuring the Friedman rank test and robustness curves. Furthermore, the standard deviation, maximum objective function, minimum, mean and values over 30 different runs are applied for a statistical analysis of all used techniques. The obtained results proved the superiority of the SAR in determining the fitness function of ELD and CEED is minimizing the cost of fuel for ELD and emission and fuel costs for CEED

Signaling mechanisms of a water soluble curcumin derivative in experimental type 1 diabetes with cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Curcumin exhibits anti-diabetic activities, induces heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and is an inhibitor of transcriptional co-activator p300. A novel water soluble curcumin derivative (NCD) has been developed to overcome low invivo bioavailability of curcumin. We evaluated the effect of the NCD on signaling mechanisms involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and studied whether its action is mediated via inducible HO-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were divided into controls, controls receiving NCD, diabetic, diabetic receiving NCD, diabetic receiving pure curcumin, diabetic receiving HO inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX) and diabetic receiving NCD and ZnPP IX. NCD and curcumin were given orally. After 45 days, cardiac physiologic parameters, plasma glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (GHb), HO-1 gene expression and HO activity in pancreas and cardiac tissues were assessed. Gene expression of p300, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2A and MEF2C) were studied. RESULTS: NCD and curcumin decreased plasma glucose, GHb and increased insulin levels significantly in diabetic rats. This action may be partially mediated by induction of HO-1 gene. HO-1 gene expression and HO activity were significantly increased in diabetic heart and pancreas. Diabetes upregulated the expression of ANP, MEF2A, MEF2C and p300. NCD and curcumin prevented diabetes-induced upregulation of these parameters and improved left ventricular function. The effect of the NCD was better than the same dose of curcumin

Darunavir-Cobicistat versus Lopinavir-Ritonavir for COVID-19 Pneumonia: Qatar's Experience

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first discovered in China and resulted in a pandemic crisis. 1,2 Many agents were investigated with inconclusive outcomes. 3 This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety outcomes of darunavir-cobicistat versus lopinavir-ritonavir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted on adult patients hospitalized in COVID-19 facilities in Qatar. Patients were included if they had pneumonia and received darunavir-cobicistat or lopinavir-ritonavir for at least three days as part of their COVID-19 treatment. Data were collected from patients' electronic medical records. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of time to clinical improvement and/or virological clearance. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferential statistics were applied at alpha level of 0.05. Results: A total of 400 patients' medical records were analyzed, of whom 100 received darunavir-cobicistat and 300 received lopinavir-ritonavir. The majority of patients were male (92.5%), with a mean (SD) time from symptoms onset to start of therapy of 7.57 days (SD 4.89). Patients who received lopinavir-ritonavir had a significantly faster time to the primary composite endpoint of clinical improvement and/or virological clearance than patients who received darunavir-cobicistat (4 days [IQR 3-7] vs. 6.5 days [IQR 4-12]; HR 1.345 [95%CI: 1.070-1.691], p = 0.011) [Figure 1]. Patients who received lopinavir-ritonavir had a significantly faster time to clinical improvement (5 days [IQR 3-8] vs. 8 days [IQR 4-13]; HR 1.520 (95%CI: 1.2-1.925), p = 0.000), and slower time to virological clearance than those who received darunavir-cobicistat (25 days [IQR 15-33] vs. 21 days [IQR 12.8-30]; HR 0.772 (95%CI: 0.607-0.982), p = 0.035) [Figure 2]. No significant difference in adverse events incidence or severity was observed. Conclusion: In patients with COVID-19, early treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir was associated with faster time to reach the primary composite endpoint of clinical improvement and/or virological clearance than treatment with darunavir-cobicistat. Future trials are warranted to confirm these findings.qscienc

Darunavir-cobicistat versus lopinavir-ritonavir in the treatment of COVID-19 infection (DOLCI): A multicenter observational study

Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving pandemic that urged the need to investigate various antiviral therapies. This study was conducted to compare efficacy and safety outcomes of darunavir-cobicistat versus lopinavir-ritonavir in treating patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods and findings This retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted on adult patients hospitalized in one of the COVID-19 facilities in Qatar. Patients were included if they received darunavir-cobicistat or lopinavir-ritonavir for at least three days as part of their COVID-19 treatments. Data were collected from patients' electronic medical records. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of time to clinical improvement and/or virological clearance. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used at alpha level of 0.05. A total of 400 patients was analyzed, of whom 100 received darunavir-cobicistat and 300 received lopinavir-ritonavir. Majority of patients were male (92.5%), with a mean (SD) time from symptoms onset to start of therapy of 7.57 days (4.89). Patients received lopinavir-ritonavir had significantly faster time to clinical improvement and/or virological clearance than patients received darunavir-cobicistat (4 days [IQR 3-7] vs. 6.5 days [IQR 4-12]; HR 1.345 [95%CI: 1.070-1.691], P = 0.011). Patients received lopinavir-ritonavir had significantly faster time to clinical improvement (5 days [IQR 3-8] vs. 8 days [IQR 4-13]; HR 1.520 (95%CI: 1.2-1.925), P = 0.000), and slower time to virological clearance than darunavir-cobicistat (25 days [IQR 15-33] vs. 21 days [IQR 12.8-30]; HR 0.772 (95%CI: 0.607-0.982), P = 0.035). No significant difference in the incidence or severity of adverse events between groups. The study was limited to its retrospective nature and the possibility of covariates, which was accounted for by multivariate analyses. Conclusion In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, early treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir was associated with faster time to clinical improvement and/or virological clearance than darunavir-cobicistat. Future trials are warranted to confirm these findings.Scopu

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries