BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, AURANGABAD.

Introduction: Multidrug resistant nosocomial infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients especially the critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), where a large number of drugs are administered to the patient which in turn leads to the generation of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Method: Over a period 12 months clinical samples (blood, urine, pus/ wound swabs, respiratory secretions etc) from patient admitted in ICU were processed according to the standard microbiologic methods, and their antimicrobial testing was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 464 samples, 164 (35.34%) were culture positive in which 133 (81.1%) samples were monomicrobial and 31(63) (18.9%) samples were polymicrobial. Out of 196 isolates were obtained, 127 isolates were Gram negative and 69 isolates were Gram positive organisms. The most common isolate was S. aureus (29.1%) and Klebsiella spp (26%) followed by E.coli (17.3%), Pseudomonas spp (13.8%), Streptococcus spp (5.1%), Acinetobacter spp (4.1%), Citrobacter (2.6%), Proteus Spp (1%) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (1%). Vancomycin and linazolid is more effect against the Gram positive organisms. For Gram negative organism\u27s carbapenems remain the drug of choice followed by amikacin. Conclusion: Institutional antimicrobial surveillance and proper infection control practices are essential to prevent and control multi drug resistant bugs in ICUs and hospital. KEY WORDS: Bacteriological profile; Antimicrobial profile; Intensive Care Unit infections; Nosocomial Infections

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, AURANGABAD.

Introduction: Multidrug resistant nosocomial infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients especially the critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), where a large number of drugs are administered to the patient which in turn leads to the generation of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Method: Over a period 12 months clinical samples (blood, urine, pus/ wound swabs, respiratory secretions etc) from patient admitted in ICU were processed according to the standard microbiologic methods, and their antimicrobial testing was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 464 samples, 164 (35.34%) were culture positive in which 133 (81.1%) samples were monomicrobial and 31(63) (18.9%) samples were polymicrobial. Out of 196 isolates were obtained, 127 isolates were Gram negative and 69 isolates were Gram positive organisms. The most common isolate was S. aureus (29.1%) and Klebsiella spp (26%) followed by E.coli (17.3%), Pseudomonas spp (13.8%), Streptococcus spp (5.1%), Acinetobacter spp (4.1%), Citrobacter (2.6%), Proteus Spp (1%) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (1%). Vancomycin and linazolid is more effect against the Gram positive organisms. For Gram negative organism's carbapenems remain the drug of choice followed by amikacin. Conclusion: Institutional antimicrobial surveillance and proper infection control practices are essential to prevent and control multi drug resistant bugs in ICUs and hospital. KEY WORDS: Bacteriological profile; Antimicrobial profile; Intensive Care Unit infections; Nosocomial Infections

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital, Aurangabad.

Introduction: Multidrug resistant nosocomial infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients especially the critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), where a large number of drugs are administered to the patient which in turn leads to the generation of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Method: Over a period 12 months clinical samples (blood, urine, pus/ wound swabs, respiratory secretions etc) from patient admitted in ICU were processed according to the standard microbiologic methods, and their antimicrobial testing was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 464 samples, 164 (35.34%) were culture positive in which 133 (81.1%) samples were monomicrobial and 31(63) (18.9%) samples were polymicrobial. Out of 196 isolates were obtained, 127 isolates were Gram negative and 69 isolates were Gram positive organisms. The most common isolate was S. aureus (29.1%) and Klebsiella spp (26%) followed by E.coli (17.3%), Pseudomonas spp (13.8%), Streptococcus spp (5.1%), Acinetobacter spp (4.1%), Citrobacter (2.6%), Proteus Spp (1%) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (1%). Vancomycin and linazolid is more effect against the Gram positive organisms. For Gram negative organism's carbapenems remain the drug of choice followed by amikacin. Conclusion: Institutional antimicrobial surveillance and proper infection control practices are essential to prevent and control multi drug resistant bugs in ICUs and hospital. KEY WORDS: Bacteriological profile; Antimicrobial profile; Intensive Care Unit infections; Nosocomial Infections

Bacteriologic Antibiography Outline of Isolates from Blood Culture at Tertiary Center

Bacteria found in blood circulation either consistently intermittently are commination to every organs of body. These infections can affect life and death. In India also blood stream infections are major causes of health problem that caused demise of patients in hospital. Timely diagnoses of infection with antimicrobial susceptibility assessment are important for optimization of treatment and best way to reduce hospital stay and improve patient health. In spite of recent advances in clinical diagnostics, blood culture remains the gold standard for the detection of blood stream infections. Studies in different places and regions have indicated the varying microbiological pattern of bloodstream infections which support the need for a continuous examination of the causative organisms. For the diagnosis of septicemia, Blood cultures are the “gold standard” are based on the detection of viable microorganisms in the blood. The main aim of this is to identify the bacteria causing bloodstream infections and to determine and analysis their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a tertiary center. In this study blood for culture was collected from 940 clinically suspected cases of blood stream infection from the hospital. Collected blood samples were processed in the bacteriology section at microbiology laboratory and standard laboratory methods were used to identified isolates and then antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using CLSI guidelines. Total 940 blood samples were cultured in which 139(14.8%) were found positive. Among isolates, the most predominant organism was Staphylococcus aureus (51.8%) followed by Escherichia coli (24.5%) and the least was Salmonella species (1.4%), Proteus species (1.4%) and Acinetobacter species (1.4%). Among Gram positive isolates, Penicillin and Erythromycin showed high degree of resistance. Imipenem was particularly susceptible among the isolated. Gentamicin and Amikacin showed high in vitro susceptibility for both Enterobacteriaceae and Nonfermenters. This study provides information on bacteriological profile of septicemic isolates. Therefore continuous monitoring of the susceptibility of organisms towards antibiotics is necessary to prevent and spread of drug resistance

Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns Of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated At King Faisal Hospital, Kigali - A Three Years Study

Introduction: A great concern exists about the emergence of antibiotic resistant organisms. The goal of this study is to delineate antibiotic sensitivity patterns at King Faisal Hospital. Methods: A three years study, from Jan 2009 to Dec 2011 was conducted in the Microbiology unit, department of Laboratory, King Faisal hospital, Rwanda. All the specimens and antibiotic sensitivity were processed according to the standard guidelines. Microorganisms and their sensitivity data were reviewed and compiled by using hospital information system. Results: Over the 3-year period, several Enterobacteriaceae pathogens declined in susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents. A total of 2153 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. Most common isolate was Escherichia coli (1413) followed by Klebsiella species (550), Enterobacter species (110), Proteus species (165), Citrobacter Species (79), Shigella species (110) and other species. Most notable were the decreased sensitivities to cefuroxime: E. coli (84% to 72%), Klebsiella (78% to 33%), Enterobacter (50% to 41%) Proteus(67% to 59%) and Shigella to ciprofloxacin (100% to 96%). And also decreased sensitivities to Imipenem: E. coli (100% to 98%) and Klebsiella species (100% to 94%). Conclusion: These decreased antibiotic sensitivities reflect increased bacterial selection pressure as a result of widespread antibiotic use. A combined approach involving infection-control specialists, infectious disease physicians, and hospital administrators is necessary to address this increasingly difficult problem.Introduction: Une grande préoccupation existe au sujet de l’urgence des organismes résistant aux antibiotiques. Le but de cette étude est de tracer les modèles d’antibiotiques sensibles à l’Hôpital Roi Fayçal. Méthodes: La période d’étude était de trois ans, de Janvier 2009 jusqu’à Décembre 2011. Le lieu d’étude était l’unité de microbiologie du département de laboratoire de l’ Hôpital Roi Fayçal, Rwanda. Tous les échantillons et les antibiogrammes ont été traités selon les directives standard. Résultats: Au cours de la période de trois ans, plusieurs agents pathogènes d’entérobactériaceae ont augmenté la résistance aux certains antibiotiques. Dans 2153 des entérobactériaceae isolées. Le plus isolé était l’ Escherichia coli (1413) suivi de Klebsiella(550), Entérobacter (110), Proteus (165), Citrobacter (79), Shigella (110) et autres espèces. L’étude note la diminution de la sensibilité au cefuroxime : Escherichia coli (84% à 72% ) Klebsiella (78% à 33%), Entérobacter (50% à 41%) Proteus(67% à 59%) et Shigella au ciprofloxacin (100% à 96%). Et également la diminution de la sensibilité à l’Imipenem: Escherichia coli (100% à 98%) et Klebsiella (100% à 94%). Conclusion:Cette diminution de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques reflète l’augmentation de la sélection de la pression bactérienne en raison de l’utilisation de nombreux antibiotiques. Une approche combinée faisant participer divers spécialistes, les infectiologues et l’administration de l’hôpital est nécessaire pour aborder ce problème de plus en plus difficile