Organización administrativa y productividad de las ligas deportivas bogotanas

La labor fundamental de las Ligas deportivas es reunir los deportistas que llegan de los diferentes clubes afiliados y posibilitarles actividades de competencia continua, para detectar su talento deportivo y seleccionar, a partir de esta caracterización, a los de mayor nivel técnico, para conformar los seleccionados de la ciudad, en los distintos deportes y presentarlos a las competencias departamentales y nacionales, donde serán nuevamente escogidos, para la alta competencia, a nivel de federaciones. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo fundamental reconocer la desigualdad existente en las ligas deportivas bogotanas, en cuanto a desarrollo organizacional, administrativo y de productividad, lo cual, no permite que el deporte en la ciudad evolucione, de manera equilibrada, siendo importante encontrar la raíz de esta problemática, toda vez que la organización deportiva de las ligas debe ser eficiente y de alta productividad, para que el país deportivo tenga un mayor número de atletas de alto rendimiento, que lo represente en justas internacionales, mundiales y olímpicas, con buenos resultados. Con este estudio realizado, con un enfoque metodológico mixto, se logró registrar que la productividad deportiva en las Ligas de Bogotá no es uniforme y tampoco su desarrollo administrativo, lo que, seguramente, no ha permitido una evolución equilibrada del deporte capitalino

Desarrollo económico desigual en el espacio departamental colombiano

El presente trabajo de grado pretende en primer lugar despertar inquietudes sobre el tratamiento que en la disciplina económica, específicamente en la teoría sobre el desarrollo, se le da al concepto de espacio y en segundo lugar establecer la existencia de una organización espacial del tipo centro-periferia, en el sentido dado por Raúl Prebisch, entre las relaciones económicas inter-departamentales en Colombia

Pressure and tension in the sport field

It is without doubt, a protagonist unavoidable psychological pressure on the development of the sport, being physically active sport where the winner really is only one and the glory, even momentarily, it's just for him, but because a athlete to public pressure becomes uncoordinated, confused to the point that he makes mistakes that otherwise would not commit? and instead, another at the same pressure conditions and enhances its incomparable achievements made under normal conditions would fail to perform. Which may be the secret about pressure management in sport, the pressure, the psychological phenomenon that is present in different areas of life and who is present in different circumstances where the individual requires a response against two or more opposing forces, a defining moment and, where unavoidable direct influence different actors and circumstances, but, where finally, the athlete is found only, in the defining moment of the action and the corresponding pressure.Es sin duda alguna, la presión psicológica un protagonista ineludible en el desarrollo de la actividad deportiva, al ser el deporte una actividad física donde el ganador realmente es solo uno y la gloria, aunque sea momentánea, es solo para él, pero ¿por qué un deportista ante la presión del público se torna descoordinado, confundido a tal punto, que comete errores, que en otras circunstancias no cometería? y en cambio, otro ante la misma presión mejora sus condiciones y realiza logros inigualables que en condiciones normales no lograría realizar. Donde puede estar el secreto al respecto del manejo de la presión en el deporte, la presión, ese fenómeno psicológico que está presente en los diferentes ámbitos de la existencia Y que se hace presente en diferentes circunstancias donde se exige una respuesta del individuo frente a dos fuerzas opuestas o más, un momento definitivo e, ineludible donde influyen de manera directa diferentes actores y circunstancias, pero donde, finalmente, el deportista se encuentra solo, en el momento definitivo de la actuación y la presión correspondiente.Incluye referencias bibliográfica

Phage therapy as a focused management strategy in aquaculture

Therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms including cultured fish. Their natural immunogenicity often induces the modulation of a variated collection of immune responses within several types of immunocytes while promoting specific mechanisms of bacterial clearance. However, to achieve standardized treatments at the practical level and avoid possible side effects in cultivated fish, several improvements in the understanding of their biology and the associated genomes are required. Interestingly, a particular feature with therapeutic potential among all phages is the production of lytic enzymes. The use of such enzymes against human and livestock pathogens has already provided in vitro and in vivo promissory results. So far, the best-understood phages utilized to fight against either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial species in fish culture are mainly restricted to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae, and the Siphoviridae, respectively. However, the current functional use of phages against bacterial pathogens of cultured fish is still in its infancy. Based on the available data, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about phage, identify gaps, and provide insights into the possible bacterial control strategies they might represent for managing aquaculture-related bacterial diseases.publishedVersio

An Event-Driven Multi-Kernel Convolution Processor Module for Event-Driven Vision Sensors

Event-Driven vision sensing is a new way of sensing visual reality in a frame-free manner. This is, the vision sensor (camera) is not capturing a sequence of still frames, as in conventional video and computer vision systems. In Event-Driven sensors each pixel autonomously and asynchronously decides when to send its address out. This way, the sensor output is a continuous stream of address events representing reality dynamically continuously and without constraining to frames. In this paper we present an Event-Driven Convolution Module for computing 2D convolutions on such event streams. The Convolution Module has been designed to assemble many of them for building modular and hierarchical Convolutional Neural Networks for robust shape and pose invariant object recognition. The Convolution Module has multi-kernel capability. This is, it will select the convolution kernel depending on the origin of the event. A proof-of-concept test prototype has been fabricated in a 0.35 m CMOS process and extensive experimental results are provided. The Convolution Processor has also been combined with an Event-Driven Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) for high-speed recognition examples. The chip can discriminate propellers rotating at 2 k revolutions per second, detect symbols on a 52 card deck when browsing all cards in 410 ms, or detect and follow the center of a phosphor oscilloscope trace rotating at 5 KHz.Unión Europea 216777 (NABAB)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2009-10639-C04-0

Navigation of an autonomous mobile robot using the combined force field concept

En este artículo se presentan el desarrollo, prueba y resultados obtenidos de un algoritmo de evasión de obstáculos basado en el método de campo de potencial (PFM, por su sigla en inglés) y combinado con el método de seguimiento de contornos, para resolver el problema del mínimo local que posee el PFM. Adicionalmente, se divulgan los resultados de la investigación, cuyo propósito fue desarrollar un algoritmo que permitiera a un robot móvil desplazarse en forma autónoma, con el fin de alcanzar una meta, evitando los obstáculos que encontrara en su trayectoria. Los requerimientos para el diseño del algoritmo fueron alta velocidad de respuesta, bajo consumo de recursos de hardware y capacidad de respuesta ante situaciones no previstas. Las simulaciones demuestran que el algoritmo soluciona el problema del mínimo local, inherente al uso del PFM, y puede implementarse en un robot real, cumpliendo con las características citadas previamente.This article presents the development, testing and results from an obstacle avoidance algorithm based on potential field method (PFM), combined with the contour following method to solve the problem of local minimum in the PFM. In this paper, we report the findings of the research, whose objective was to develop an algorithm that allowed a mobile robot to navigate autonomously to reach a goal, avoiding obstacles in its path. Requirements for the design of the algorithm were high response speed, low consumption of hardware resources and capacity answer to unforeseen situations. The simulations show that the algorithm solves the problem of local minimum-inherent in the use of PFM-and it can be implemented in a real robot, since it fulfills the mentioned characteristics

Circulating Tumor Cells Identify Early Recurrence in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Radical Resection

This work was supported by Fundacion de Investigacion Basica Alenjando Otero (www.Fibao.es) (MJS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.Background Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages I-IIIA. However, more than 20% of these patients develop recurrence and die due to their disease. The release of tumor cells into peripheral blood (CTCs) is one of the main causes of recurrence of cancer. The objectives of this study are to identify the prognostic value of the presence and characterization of CTCs in peripheral blood in patients undergoing radical resection for NSCLC. Patients and Methods 56 patients who underwent radical surgery for previously untreated NSCLC were enrolled in this prospective study. Peripheral blood samples for CTC analysis were obtained before and one month after surgery. In addition CTCs were phenotypically characterized by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Results 51.8% of the patients evaluated were positive with the presence of CTCs at baseline. A decrease in the detection rate of CTCs was observed in these patients one month after surgery (32.1%) (p = 0.035). The mean number of CTCs was 3.16 per 10 ml (range 0-84) preoperatively and 0.66 (range 0-3) in postoperative determination. EGFR expression was found in 89.7% of the patients at baseline and in 38.9% patients one month after surgery. The presence of CTCs after surgery was significantly associated with early recurrence (p = 0.018) and a shorter disease free survival (DFS) (p =.008). In multivariate analysis CTC presence after surgery (HR = 5.750, 95% CI: 1.50-21.946, p = 0.010) and N status (HR = 0.296, 95% CI: 0.091-0.961, p = 0.043) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. Conclusion CTCs can be detected and characterized in patients undergoing radical resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Their presence might be used to identify patients with increased risk of early recurrence.Fundacion de Investigación Básica Alenjando Oter

Syphilis and HIV infection in indigenous Mbya Guarani communities of Puerto Iguazu (Argentina): diagnosis, contact tracking, and follow-up

The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of Treponema pallidum and HIV infection in Amerindian people (Mbya Guarani) over the age of 11 in Puerto Iguazu (Argentina) and to describe the contact tracking of cases. The method was a cross-sectional study in the Mbya Guarani people living in three villages of Puerto Iguazu (community A, pop. 1,146; community B, pop. 369; and community C, pop. 149). Participants were randomly invited to participate in the survey and in blood testing. Of the 551 participants, 48 were infected by T. pallidum (8.71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.38-10.04). The infection prevalence decreased with age, standing at 9.66% in the 11-19 age group, 8.42% in 20-39 age group and 4.54% in people aged 40 and older. We tracked 130 contacts for the 48 T. pallidum cases; 39/40 (97.5%) sexual contacts tested positive for syphilis. Among the 90 children born to infected mothers, 76 aged 18 months or older tested negative, while 8/14 younger children were still at risk for congenital syphilis. There were four cases of HIV infection (0.72%, 95% CI 0.31-1.13). Prevalence of T. pallidum infection and HIV infection are relevant in this indigenous community of Argentina, representing a public health concern