Social Work Education as Professional Socialization: A Study of the Impact of Social Work Education Upon Students\u27s Professional Preferences

Professional socialization in social work is the subject of the panel study described in this article. It focuses upon the impact of different social work education programs upon the professional preferences of students in the United States and Israel. The findings indicate that significant change with regard to some of the variables did occur between the beginning and completion of studies. This generally took the form of a decline in preferences though a number of cross-culture differences were observed. The implications of the findings for the issue of professional socialization in social work are discussed

Does Social Work Education Have an Impact on Social Policy Preferences? A Three-Cohort Study

This article examines the impact of social work education on the social policy preferences of social work students through a panel study of three cohorts of students at three universities in two countries - the United States and Israel. The findings of the study indicate that though the initial policy preferences of the students at the beginning of their studies at the three universities differed, by the end of their studies, the students\u27 preferences were similar and supportive of the welfare state model

What Kind of Social Policy do Social Work Students Prefer? A Comparison of Students in Three Countries

The goal of this article is to contribute to our understanding of the way in which students at the very beginning of their social work training view the sources of social problems and the way in which society should deal with these problems. This is part of an effort to determine the contemporary role of social change in the thinking of social workers in different national settings. Traditionally, social work has regarded social change as one of its primary professional objectives. Ever since the settlement houses were first established in the late years of the 19th century, many social workers have indeed been actively involved in social action aimed at bringing about social reform for the betterment of deprived segments of society. These efforts first took place in a period during which the term welfare state had yet to be coined and the notion of state responsibility for social protection for the poor was not widely accepted. Nevertheless, the conviction of these early social workers that social conditions were the prime cause of deprivation and poverty led them to actively seek improved social legislation and programs (Addams, 1910: Leighninger and Midgley, 1997)

Akibat Hukum Penanggalan Kekebalan (Immunity Waiver) Kepada Pejabat Diplomatik Ditinjau dari Konvensi Wina 1961 (Studi Kasus Penanggalan Kekebalan terhadap Asisten Atase Militer Malaysia di Selandia Baru Tahun 2014)

Asisten atase militer sebagai pejabat diplomatik dalam menjalankan misi diplomatiknya diberikan hak istimewa dan kekebalan dengan harapan bisa melangsungkan misi tersebut tanpa hambatan. Dalam prakteknya banyak pejabat diplomatik yang menyalahi aturan dari negara penerima dan menggunakan hak kekebalan serta keistimewaan tersebut sebagai suatu perlindungan untuk terbebas dari proses hukum. Pada Kenyataanya juga diatur bahwa kekebalan tidak bersifat mutlak dan bisa ditanggalkan. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah bagaimana pengaturan mengenai penanggalan kekebalan menurut Konvensi Wina 1961 dan akibat hukum yang timbul dengan adanya penanggalan kekebalan terhadap asisten atase militer suatu negara. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah yuridis normatif. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis. Metode analisis data dalam penlitian ini adalah normatif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan penulis melalui studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa suatu hak kekebalan yang dimiliki oleh pejabat diplomatik bisa ditanggalkan oleh negara pengirim menurut Konvensi Wina 1961. Malaysia selaku negara pengirim menanggalkan kekebalan asisten atase militernya untuk berlangsungnya proses hukum di Selandia Baru sebagai negara penerima. Asisten atase militer Malaysia resmi dijatuhi hukuman oleh negara penerima dan setelah selesai menuntaskannya ia dideportasi kembali ke Malaysia.Abstrak ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Merupakan uraian singkat yang memuat tujuan, hasil penelitian, kesimpulan, serta implikasinya

Ferromagnetic Mass Localization in Check Point Configuration Using a Levenberg Marquardt Algorithm

A detection and tracking algorithm for ferromagnetic objects based on a two stage Levenberg Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) is presented. The procedure is applied to localization and magnetic moment estimation of ferromagnetic objects moving in the vicinity of an array of two to four 3-axis magnetometers arranged as a check point configuration. The algorithms first stage provides an estimation of the target trajectory and moment that are further refined using a second iteration where only the position vector is taken as unknown. The whole procedure is fast enough to provide satisfactory results within a few seconds after the target has been detected. Tests were conducted in Soreq NRC assessing various check point scenarios and targets. The results obtained from this experiment show good localization performance and good convivial with “noisy” environment. Small targets can be localized with good accuracy using either a vertical “doorway” two to four sensors configuration or ground level two to four sensors configuration. The calculated trajectory was not affected by nearby magnetic interference such as moving vehicles or a combat soldier inspecting the gateway

Entanglement and Nonunitary Evolution

We consider a collapsing relativistic spherical shell for a free quantum field. Once the center of the wavefunction of the shell passes a certain radius R, the degrees of freedom inside R are traced over. We show that an observer outside this region will determine that the evolution of the system is nonunitary. We argue that this phenomenon is generic to entangled systems, and discuss a possible relation to black hole physics.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure; Added a clarification regarding the relation with black hole physic

4-Octyl itaconate reduces influenza A replication by targeting the nuclear export protein CRM1

In recent years, especially since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, the cell-permeable itaconate derivative 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) has gained traction as a potential antiviral agent. Here, we demonstrate that 4-OI inhibits replication of multiple influenza A viruses (IAV) by restricting nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins, a key step in the IAV replication cycle. This nuclear retention is achieved by deactivation and subsequent degradation of chromosomal maintenance 1 protein (CRM1), also known as exportin 1 (XPO1), a host cell protein exploited by IAV during replication. 4-OI-mediated deactivation of CRM1 resulted in the accumulation of the IAV nucleoprotein, the Rev protein of feline immunodeficiency virus, as well as the natural CRM1 cargos p53 and p65, in the nucleus of treated cells. Further mechanism of action studies revealed that, similar to known CRM1 inhibitors, 4-OI modifies a key cysteine in the cargo binding pocket of CRM1 at position 528 through an alkylation reaction called 2,3-dicarboxypropylation. Subsequent studies in a cell line in which the cysteine at position 528 in CRM1 protein was substituted by a serine confirmed that modification of this residue was indeed the cause for the observed inhibitory effect induced by 4-OI on CRM1 function. Overall, this study demonstrated a mechanism through which 4-OI directly interferes with the replication cycle of CRM1-dependent viruses, which contributes to the understanding of the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of this multifaceted immuno-metabolite. IMPORTANCE Itaconate derivates, as well as the naturally produced metabolite, have been proposed as antivirals against influenza virus. Here, the mechanism behind the antiviral effects of exogenous 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of itaconate, against the influenza A virus replication is demonstrated. The data indicate that 4-OI targets the cysteine at position 528 of the CRM1 protein, resulting in inhibition of the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes in a similar manner as previously described for other selective inhibitors of nuclear export. These results postulate a mechanism not observed before for this immuno-metabolite derivative. This knowledge is helpful for the development of derivatives of 4-OI as potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutics.</p