Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

Mycotoxins from the Fungus Botryotrichum piluliferum

Two new sterigmatocystin derivatives, oxisterigmatocystins E and F (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>, respectively), along with nine known compounds, oxisterigmatocystins G and H (<b>3</b> and <b>4</b>, respectively), sterigmatocystin (<b>5</b>), N-0532B (<b>6</b>), <i>O</i>-methylsterigmatocystin (<b>7</b>), N-0532A (<b>8</b>), 6-<i>O</i>-methylversicolorin A (<b>9</b>), 6,8-<i>O</i>-dimethylversicolorin A (<b>10</b>), and 8-<i>O</i>-methylaverufin (<b>11</b>), were isolated from the fungus Botryotrichum piluliferum. The structures of these mycotoxins were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence. Among these, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>9</b> were discovered as natural products for the first time. Compounds <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> displayed antimalarial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum (IC₅₀ = 7.9–23.9 μM). In addition, compounds <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> and <b>8</b>–<b>11</b> exhibited cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7, and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC₅₀ = 0.38–78.6 μM). However, compounds <b>1</b>–<b>9</b> showed cytotoxic effects against the <i>Vero</i> cell line (IC₅₀ = 0.65–12.3 μM). This finding should promote awareness of the contamination of <i>B. piluliferum</i> in the food chain and agricultural soil

N-Heterocyclic carbene catalyzed tail-to-tail oligomerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and the search for the Stetter reaction of DMAA with benzaldehyde

The tail-to-tail oligomerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was investigated, giving the dimerization and trimerization products in a moderate combined yield. Reaction intermediates involved in the new oligomerization have been observed by NMR and ESI-MS. We showed the first NHC-catalyzed cross coupling of methyl methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaciylamide, and the reaction of benzaldehyde/benzoin with N,N-dimethylacrylamide. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved