Standards in semen examination:publishing reproducible and reliable data based on high-quality methodology

Biomedical science is rapidly developing in terms of more transparency, openness and reproducibility of scientific publications. This is even more important for all studies that are based on results from basic semen examination. Recently two concordant documents have been published: the 6th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, and the International Standard ISO 23162:2021. With these tools, we propose that authors should be instructed to follow these laboratory methods in order to publish studies in peer-reviewed journals, preferable by using a checklist as suggested in an Appendix to this article.Peer reviewe

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Obstrução intestinal em bovinos associada ao consumo de Stylosanthes sp. (Fabaceae Papilionoideae) Intestinal obstruction in cattle consuming Stylosanthes sp. (Fabaceae Papilionoideae)

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever, em três propriedades rurais no Estado de Mato Grosso, a epidemiologia, o quadro clínico e o patológico da obstrução intestinal por fitobezoares em bovinos que pastoreavam em piquetes com predomínio de Stylosanthes sp. pelo menos 60 dias. A morbidade variou de 3,3% a 15% e a mortalidade foi de 100%. O quadro clínico foi de cólica abdominal caracterizado por apatia, anorexia, inquietação, desconforto, sudorese e vocalização, seguido por episódios de diarreia ou diminuição da produção fecal, desidratação, hipomotilidade gastrintestinal, aumento do volume abdominal, decúbito esternal ou lateral com a cabeça voltada para o flanco e morte. O curso clínico foi de 2-7 dias. A principal alteração notada durante a necropsia dos bovinos foi a obstrução intestinal por fitobezoar ovoide de 2-5 cm de diâmetro, frequentemente no duodeno, próximo ao piloro, ocasionalmente em sua porção média. Na área de obstrução notou-se a necrose da parede intestinal que estava enegrecida e intensamente demarcada em relação a segmento adjacente normal, além de intenso espessamento associado a edema, congestão e hemorragia. O abomaso e os segmentos intestinais anteriores a obstrução apresentavam-se repletos de conteúdo alimentar líquido e posteriormente estava com ausência de conteúdo. O rúmen frequentemente tinha grande quantidade de conteúdo liquido a pastoso. Em todos os bovinos necropsiados múltiplas estruturas sólidas, arredondadas ou ovoides, esverdeadas (fitobezoares) foram observadas no abomaso. Estes achados indicam que pastagens com predomínio de Stylosanthes sp. predispõem a formação de fitobezoares, os quais podem levar à obstrução intestinal e morte em bovinos.The clinical and pathological findings of intestinal obstruction caused by phytobezoars in cattle consuming Stylosanthes sp. on three farms in Mato Grosso, Brazil, are described. The morbidity varied from 3.3 to 15% and the mortality was 100%. The animals stayed on pastures with predominance of Stylosanthes sp. for at least 60 days. The overall clinical picture was apathy followed by episodes of diarrhea or reduced feces and separation from the herd. Individual clinical signs were abdominal colic characterized by anorexia, discomfort, gastrointestinal hypomotility, dehydration, increased abdominal size, sweating, vocalization, sternal or lateral recumbence with the head on the flank. The clinical course lasted from 2 to 7 days. At necropsy, duodenal or pyloric obstruction was caused by ovoid phytobezoars of 2-4cm diameter; in the area of obstruction friable intestinal tissue with intense swelling, congestion, edema, and reddish mucosa was found. The rumen, abomasum and duodenum proximal to the site of obstruction was filled with greenish liquid, and absence of food contents was observed distally to the phytobezoars. Histologically, at the site of obstruction, the duodenum exhibited diffuse necrosis of the mucosal surface, thickening of the wall by submucosal edema, neutrophilic infiltration, fibrin deposition, necrosis of smooth muscle fibers, and marked congestion or hemorrhage. Pasture with the predominance of Stylosanthes sp. is a serious problem due to the possibility of phytobezoar formation, thus leading to intestinal obstruction and high mortality rates in cattle

Substituição do milho por farelo de palma forrageira em dietas para ovinos em crescimento: consumo e digestibilidade Replacement of corn by forage cactus meal in growing lambs diets: intake and digestibility

A digestibilidade aparente e os consumos de matéria seca (MS), de matéria orgânica (MO), de proteína bruta (PB), de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) foram avaliados para se determinar o efeito da substituição do milho por farelo de palma forrageira (0, 33, 66 e 100%), em dietas de ovinos em crescimento. Objetivou-se, também, a comparação da estimativa de digestibilidade aparente por intermédio dos métodos de coleta total de fezes e de indicadores internos (fibra em detergente ácido [FDAi] e fibra em detergente neutro [FDNi] indigestíveis). Foi empregado delineamento experimental em quadrado latino, constituído de quatro animais, quatro períodos e quatro níveis de substituição do milho por farelo de palma forrageira. Não houve efeito da substituição sobre os consumos de MS, MO, PB e FDN. O consumo de NDT diminuiu linearmente com a inclusão de farelo de palma nas dietas. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS e MO diminuíram linearmente, enquanto os de PB e FDN não foram influenciados pela substituição. Não houve diferença entre a coleta total de fezes e o indicador interno FDNi na estimativa da digestibilidade dos nutrientes.<br>The apparent digestibility and the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were estimated to evaluate the effects of replacement by corn by forage cactus meal (0, 33, 66 and 100%) in growing lambs diets. It was also aimed to compare the internal markers, indigestible neutral detergent (NFDi) and acid detergent fiber (ADFi) with total feces collection to estimate the apparent digestibility of nutrients. A 4 x 4 latin square experimental design with four lambs, four periods and four levels of replacement of corn by forage cactus meal, was used. The replacement of corn by forage cactus meal did not affect the intakes of DM, OM, CP and NDF. TDN intake decreased linearly. The apparent digestibility of DM and OM decreased linearly, but no effect was observed for CP and NDF digestibilities. There was no difference between NDFi and total feces collection in the estimate of nutrients digestibility