Comparing the environmental impacts of ethyl biodiesel production from soybean oil and beef tallow through lca for brazilian conditions

The present paper sought compare the environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of biodiesel production obtained from the two raw materials most used in Brazil (soybean oil and beef tallow) through the process ethyl transesterification in an alkaline medium. The reference flow adopted for the work was the generation of power supplied 1GJ from the produced biodiesel. The data used in the inventory life cycle were calculated based on similar scientific papers. The method of assessment of environmental impacts chosen was the CML 2001 modified. Altogether, it were analyzed nine categories of environmental impacts for both processes (abiotic depletion (kg Sb eq), land use (m2a), global warming (kg CO2 eq), ozone layer depletion (kg CFC-11 eq), human toxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), freshwater ecotoxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), terrestrial ecotoxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), acidification (kg SO2 eq) and eutrophication (kg PO43- eq)). The results of evaluation of environmental impacts show that the biodiesel production process from soybean oil presents major environmental damage in seven categories of analyzed impacts (destruction of abiotic resources, destruction of the ozone layer, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication). The production process of biodiesel from tallow presents major environmental damage in two categories of impacts analyzed (land use and global warming). However, the results show that the absolute values of environmental damage caused by impacts of the production process using beef tallow are much more aggressive

Bacterial vaginosis and cervical human papillomavirus infection in young and adult women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical HPV infection in young and adult women. METHOD: This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on the Prisma methodological guidelines. PubMed and Web of Science were searched using the following descriptors: “bacterial vaginosis and HPV”, in June 2019. Articles published from 2012 to 2019 were included. Inclusion criteria were original studies that investigated the association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical HPV infection; articles published in English, Spanish or Portuguese; studies conducted in young and adult, non-pregnant, non-HIV-infected women; studies that used the Nugent criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and studies in which the detection of HPV used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Assembled data, odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% CIs were estimated for the association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical HPV infection using random-effects models. A bilateral value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: Six studies were selected for analysis and demonstrated association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical HPV infection (OR = 2.68; 95%CI: 1.64–4.40; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Bacterial vaginosis was considered a risk factor for cervical HPV infection, since women with bacterial vaginosis were more likely to be infected with HPV

Comparing the environmental impacts of ethyl biodiesel production from soybean oil and beef tallow through lca for brazilian conditions

The present paper sought compare the environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of biodiesel production obtained from the two raw materials most used in Brazil (soybean oil and beef tallow) through the process ethyl transesterification in an alkaline medium. The reference flow adopted for the work was the generation of power supplied 1GJ from the produced biodiesel. The data used in the inventory life cycle were calculated based on similar scientific papers. The method of assessment of environmental impacts chosen was the CML 2001 modified. Altogether, it were analyzed nine categories of environmental impacts for both processes (abiotic depletion (kg Sb eq), land use (m2a), global warming (kg CO2 eq), ozone layer depletion (kg CFC-11 eq), human toxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), freshwater ecotoxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), terrestrial ecotoxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), acidification (kg SO2 eq) and eutrophication (kg PO43- eq)). The results of evaluation of environmental impacts show that the biodiesel production process from soybean oil presents major environmental damage in seven categories of analyzed impacts (destruction of abiotic resources, destruction of the ozone layer, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication). The production process of biodiesel from tallow presents major environmental damage in two categories of impacts analyzed (land use and global warming). However, the results show that the absolute values of environmental damage caused by impacts of the production process using beef tallow are much more aggressive

Guillain-Barre syndrome related to COVID-19: muscle and nerve biopsy findings

Background: The involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in COVID-19 is rare and, to date, morphological aspects from muscle and nerve biopsies have not been reported. Here, we describe a case of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) related to COVID-19 and demonstrate findings from peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle biopsies. A 79-year-old man presented with progressive weakness in both legs over one-week, evolving to both arms and urinary retention within 6 days. Four days earlier, he had a cough, febrile sensation and mild respiratory discomfort. On admission, his was afebrile, and without respiratory distress. A neurological examination disclosed asymmetric proximal weakness, diminished reflexes and no sensitive abnormalities. Three days later, the patient presented with bilateral facial weakness and proximal muscle strength worsened. Deep tendon reflexes and plantar responses were absent. Both superficial and profound sensitivity were decreased. From this point, oxygen saturation worsened, and the patient was placed on mechanical ventilation. CSF testing revealed one cell and protein 185 mg/dl. A chest CT showed the presence of ground-glass opacities and RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. The muscle biopsy revealed moderate neuromyopathic findings with positive expression for MHC-class I, C5b9, CD8 and CD68. The nerve biopsy showed inflammatory infiltrates predominantly with endoneurial compound formed by CD45 and CD68. The patient was treated with Oseltamivir for 9 days followed by IVIG for 5 days and died three days later of septic shock. Discussion: This is the first documented case of GBS associated with COVID-19 with a muscle and nerve anatomopathological study. A systematic review about neurological complications caused by COVID-19 described 11 patients with GBS. The morphological features reported in our patient showed signs of involvement of the immune system, suggesting that direct viral invasion could have played a role in the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury. Hereafter, further research will be necessary to understand the triggers for these cells migrating into the peripheral nerve

Assessment of soil erosion in olive orchards (Olea europaea L.) under cover crops management systems in the tropical region of Brazil

In the tropics, water erosion is one of the most important factors leading to the degradation and deterioration of agricultural land. Olive orchards have a low canopy coverage, especially during the first years after planting, due to the low density of olive trees. Given the fast expansion of olive orchards in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cover vegetation on soil and water losses under natural rainfall. In addition, it was assessed the crop performance and the vegetation cover index in different management systems in olive orchards. The study was carried out in soil erosion plots, where water and sediment were sampled and measured over two crops season, under the following treatments: in the first season, bare soil with olive cultivation (OBS); olive trees intercropped with spontaneous vegetation (OSV); olive trees intercropped with jack beans (OJB); olive trees intercropped with millet (OM) and, as a control, only bare soil (BS). In the second season, the OM treatment was replaced by olive trees intercropped with sunn hemp (OSH). On bare soils, soil loss was the highest reaching 303.9 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) and where the surface runoff amounted to 484.8 mm yr(-1). However, in the absence of competition for resources with other crops, olive trees performed best under this system. The olive orchards planted in shallow and sloping soils without cover crops showed unsustainable soil loss, crusting, and sealing in the superficial soil layer, which can progress quickly for soil degradation in the future. The efficiency in the reduction of loss in relation to bare soil was 4.11 and 12.93 % for the soil loss and 12.15 and 25.17 % for water loss, respectively, for olive with spontaneous vegetation and olive with jack beans. Cover crops combined with olive trees, and reconciled with the crop performance aspects of cultivation in tropical regions, is of great relevance for improving sustainability, especially regarding the reduction of soil and water losses due to water erosion

Estirpe do Bradyrhizobium e quantificação da fixação biológica de nitrogênio em soja utilizando a técnica da abundância natural de 15N

In commercial plantations of soybean in both the Southern and the Cerrado regions, contributions from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) are generally proportionately high. When using the 15N natural abundance technique to quantify BNF inputs, it is essential to determine, with accuracy, the 15N abundance of the N derived from BNF (the 'B' value). This study aimed to determine the effect of four recommended strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. (two B. japonicum and two B. elkanii) on the 'B' value of soybean grown in pots in an open field using an equation based on the determination of δ15N natural abundance in a non-labelled soil, and estimate of the contribution of BNF derived from the use of 15N-isotope dilution in soils enriched with 15N. To evaluate N2 fixation by soybean, three non-N2-fixing reference crops were grown under the same conditions. Regardless of Bradyrhizobium strain, no differences were observed in dry matter, nodule weight and total N between labelled and non-labelled soil. The N2 fixation of the soybeans grown in the two soil conditions were similar. The mean 'B' values of the soybeans inoculated with the B. japonicum strains were -1.84 and -0.50 , while those inoculated with B. elkanii were -3.67 and -1.0 , for the shoot tissue and the whole plant, respectively. Finally, the 'B' value for the soybean crop varied considerably in function of the inoculated Bradyrhizobium strain, being most important when only the shoot tissue was utilised to estimate the proportion of N in the plant derived from N2 fixation.Em plantações comerciais de soja na região Sul e do Cerrado, as contribuições da fixação biológica de Nitrogênio (FBN) são geralmente elevadas. Quando usamos a técnica da abundância natural de 15N para quantificar a FBN, é essencial determinar com exatidão a abundância de 15N do N derivado da FBN (valor 'B'). Este trabalho buscou determinar o efeito das quatro estirpes de Bradyrhizobium spp. (duas B. japonicum, duas B. elkanii) sobre o valor 'B' de soja crescida em vasos em ambiente aberto usando uma equação na determinação da abundância natural de 15N em um solo não enriquecido com 15N, e estimativas da contribuição da FBN derivado do uso da técnica de diluição isotópica de 15N em solo enriquecido com 15N. Para avaliar a fixação de N2 pela soja três plantas referenciam foram crescidas nas mesmas condições. Independente da estirpe de Bradyrhizobium, não foi observada diferença para matéria seca, massa de nódulos e N total entre solo marcado e não marcado. A fixação de N2 em soja crescida nas duas condições de marcação do solo foi semelhante. Os valores médios de 'B' para plantas de soja inoculadas com estirpes de B. japonicum foram, em média, de -1,84 e -0,50 enquanto as inoculadas com B. elkanii apresentaram médias de -3,67 e -1,00 , para parte aérea e planta inteira, respectivamente. Finalmente, o valor 'B' para a cultura da soja variou consideravelmente em função da estirpe de Bradyrhizobium inoculada, sendo mais importante quando se utiliza somente a parte aérea da planta para estimar a proporção do N da planta derivado da fixação de N2

LGPD compliance: aplicando checklist para avaliação de sistemas à luz da Lei geral de proteção de dados

A Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) surgiu com a intenção de regulamentar a utilização e manipulação de dados por sistemas computacionais no Brasil. Diversas empresas e profissionais enfrentavam dificuldades sobre o correto manuseio dos dados e como tornarem-se aderentes a LGPD. Contudo, a lei é composta basicamente por termos e definições jurídicos que não indicam ações e meios para adequação dos sistemas a essa lei. Esta pesquisa, tem como foco projetar e desenvolver uma plataforma que ajude profissionais a obter conhecimento sobre a LGPD no intuito de adequação de seus projetos de software. Para isso, através do uso da técnica de checklist, foi construída uma plataforma web que disponibiliza um questionário para avaliação da adequabilidade de projetos de software a supracitada lei. Os autores desse trabalho mapearam e validaram os principais requisitos da plataforma e, com uso de tecnologias web, desenvolveram e disponibilizaram o LGPD Compliance, uma plataforma WEB, contendo um checklist de fácil acesso e sem custo para utilização. Mediante utilização de um survey, cerca de 20 respondentes avaliaram as funcionalidades e usabilidade da plataforma. A aplicação do checklist mostrou-se adequada ao contexto da LGPD e contribui para avaliação dos projetos de software à luz da legislação vigente, além de prover dicas e ações práticas visando a conformidade destes projetos

Aplicabilidade do treinamento com oclusão vascular para incremento de hipertrofia e força muscular: estudo de revisão

Currently, several evidences demonstrate that the practice of resistance training (TR) promotes hypertrophy and increased muscle strength with loads (kg) between 30-80% of 1 maximum repetition (1RM). However, although the training method with vascular occlusion (TOV) and low loads is widely used for these purposes, its efficiency is not fully consolidated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to verify the effects of training with vascular occlusion on hypertrophy and muscle strength. As a method, a literature review was carried out in the databases Pubmed, LILACS and Scielo with the following keywords: occlusion training, Kaatsu training, vascular occlusion, resistance training, blood flow restriction, Kaatsu training, resistance training. Articles available in Portuguese and English between 2000 and 2020 were included. The results showed that the TOV method is efficient to increase hypertrophy and muscle strength in different populations / situations using low loads. In addition, the physiological changes inherent in vascular occlusion are efficient in the rehabilitation and / or maintenance of muscle mass during periods of immobilization or inability to move the limb. However, training should be prescribed taking into account the individual's specificity in order to avoid possible adverse effects.Atualmente, diversas evidências demonstram que a prática do treinamento resistido (TR) promove hipertrofia e aumento da força muscular com cargas (kg) entre 30-80% de 1 repetição máxima (1RM). Contudo, apesar do método de treinamento com oclusão vascular (TOV) e cargas baixas ser amplamente utilizado com estas finalidades, a sua eficiência não está totalmente consolidada. Portanto, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar os efeitos do treinamento com oclusão vascular sobre a hipertrofia e força muscular. Como método foi realizado uma revisão de literatura, nas bases de dado Pubmed, LILACS e Scielo com as seguintes palavras-chave: treinamento de oclusão, Kaatsu training, oclusão vascular, treinamento resistido, blood flow restriction, Kaatsu training, resistance training. Foram incluídos artigos disponíveis em língua portuguesa e inglesa entre os anos de 2000 à 2020. Os resultados demonstraram que o método de TOV é eficiente para aumentar a hipertrofia e força muscular em diferentes populações/situações utilizando cargas baixas. Além disso, as alterações fisiológicas inerentes da oclusão vascular são eficientes na reabilitação e/ou manutenção da massa muscular durante períodos de imobilização ou incapacidade de mover o membro. Contudo, o treinamento deve ser prescrito levando em consideração a especificidade do indivíduo afim de evitar possíveis efeitos adversos

Avaliação do índice ultravioleta e da correlação do KtUV na cidade de Pesqueira - PE

La realización de estudios sobre la radiación ultravioleta y su constante monitoreo son indispensables para la prevención contra los males provenientes de la exposición de la población, y constante difusión de los valores a los que el índice ultravioleta puede llegar en una localidad. Utilizándose valores medidos de la radiación ultravioleta en la ciudad de Pesqueira-PE, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar estadísticamente las ocurrencias del índice ultravioleta y determinar como la radiación ultravioleta está relacionada con la radiación global para la localidad en estudio. Fue verificado que para los horarios entre las 9h y 13h, existe una mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia de IUV encima de 5. Se encontró que el mejor ajuste entre los índices Kt y KtUV se obtiene por medio de una ecuación polinómica de 2o grado, tanto para valores horarios y diarios, para ambos, el coeficiente de correlación fue del orden de 84%.The realization of studies about ultraviolet radiation and its constant monitoring are indispensable to avoid against evils from the population exposition, and the constant diffusion of values that the ultraviolet index can achieve in a place. Using ultraviolet radiation measured values in Pesqueira-PE city, this work intends to analyze statistically the ultraviolet index occurrences and determine how the ultraviolet radiation is related to the global radiation. It was verified that, between 9h and 13h, there is a higher probability having ultraviolet index above 5. It was found that the best fit between Kt and KtUV index is a 2nd degree polynomial equation, for both daily and hourly values, the correlation index found was 84%.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES