182 research outputs found
Entanglement generation resonances in XY chains
We examine the maximum entanglement reached by an initially fully aligned
state evolving in an XY Heisenberg spin chain placed in a uniform transverse
magnetic field. Both the global entanglement between one qubit and the rest of
the chain and the pairwise entanglement between adjacent qubits is analyzed. It
is shown that in both cases the maximum is not a monotonous decreasing function
of the aligning field, exhibiting instead a resonant behavior for low
anisotropies, with pronounced peaks (a total of [n/2] peaks in the global
entanglement for an -spin chain), whose width is proportional to the
anisotropy and whose height remains finite in the limit of small anisotropy. It
is also seen that the maximum pairwise entanglement is not a smooth function of
the field even in small finite chains, where it may exhibit narrow peaks above
strict plateaus. Explicit analytical results for small chains, as well as
general exact results for finite n-spin chains obtained through the
Jordan-Wigner mapping, are discussed
History states of one-dimensional quantum walks
We analyze the application of the history state formalism to quantum walks.
The formalism allows one to describe the whole walk through a pure quantum
history state, which can be derived from a timeless eigenvalue equation. It
naturally leads to the notion of system-time entanglement of the walk, which
can be considered as a measure of the number of orthogonal states visited in
the walk. We then focus on one-dimensional discrete quantum walks, where it is
shown that such entanglement is independent of the initial spin orientation for
real Hadamard-type quantum coins and real initial states (in the standard
basis) with definite site-parity. Moreover, in the case of an initially
localized particle it can be identified with the entanglement of the unitary
global operator that generates the whole history state, which is related to its
entangling power and can be analytically evaluated. Besides, it is shown that
the evolution of the spin subsystem can also be described through a spin
history state with an extended clock. A connection between its average
entanglement (over all initial states) and that of the operator generating this
state is also derived. A quantum circuit for generating the quantum walk
history state is as well provided.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Stability, complex modes and non-separability in rotating quadratic potentials
We examine the dynamics of a particle in a general rotating quadratic
potential, not necessarily stable or isotropic, using a general complex mode
formalism. The problem is equivalent to that of a charged particle in a
quadratic potential in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. It is shown
that the unstable system exhibits a rich structure, with complex normal modes
as well as non-standard modes of evolution characterized by equations of motion
which cannot be decoupled (non-separable cases). It is also shown that in some
unstable cases the dynamics can be stabilized by increasing the magnetic field
or tuning the rotational frequency, giving rise to dynamical stability or
instability windows. The evolution in general non-diagonalizable cases is as
well discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
In-farm cost of an outbreak of diarrhoea in lambs
This article analyses the cost of diarrhoea in lambs on dairy sheep farms located in Grosseto (Italy). Farmers’ profits have recently declined due to a stable product price but increasing production costs. Animal diseases have a cascade of effects on farm productivity. Lamb enteric disease outbreaks, which result in mortality in the herd and reduced weight gain, can drastically compromise the income of farmers. An economic analysis of the impact of an outbreak of diarrhoea in lambs was thus performed, evaluating the cost of disease based on the main visible production losses (such as mortality, reduced weight gain and variation in milk production). A sensitivity analysis was also conducted by applying different observed ranges of prevalence and mortality associated with the disease. Finally, an economic scenario analysis was performed, considering different in-farm management options for delivering lambs to the abattoir, i.e. early, standard and late delivery. The results showed that a dairy sheep farm with around 300 lambs that delivers them to the abattoir at 30 days of age would experience a loss of between 50 and 1200 Euro during an outbreak of diarrhoea with a prevalence of 34.21 (23.54–44.88)% and a mortality of 15.69 (9.98–21.4)%
Entanglement of two harmonic modes coupled by angular momentum
We examine the entanglement induced by an angular momentum coupling between
two harmonic systems. The Hamiltonian corresponds to that of a charged particle
in a uniform magnetic field in an anisotropic quadratic potential, or
equivalently, to that of a particle in a rotating quadratic potential. We
analyze both the vacuum and thermal entanglement, obtaining analytic
expressions for the entanglement entropy and negativity through the gaussian
state formalism. It is shown that vacuum entanglement diverges at the edges of
the dynamically stable sectors, increasing with the angular momentum and
saturating for strong fields, whereas at finite temperature, entanglement is
non-zero just within a finite field or frequency window and no longer diverges.
Moreover, the limit temperature for entanglement is finite in the whole stable
domain. The thermal behavior of the gaussian quantum discord and its difference
with the negativity is also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Pair Fluctuations in Ultra-small Fermi Systems within Self-Consistent RPA at Finite Temperature
A self-consistent version of the Thermal Random Phase Approximation (TSCRPA)
is developed within the Matsubara Green's Function (GF) formalism. The TSCRPA
is applied to the many level pairing model. The normal phase of the system is
considered. The TSCRPA results are compared with the exact ones calculated for
the Grand Canonical Ensemble. Advantages of the TSCRPA over the Thermal Mean
Field Approximation (TMFA) and the standard Thermal Random Phase Approximation
(TRPA) are demonstrated. Results for correlation functions, excitation
energies, single particle level densities, etc., as a function of temperature
are presented.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figers and 3 table
Latitudinal Variation in the Toxicity and Sexual Compatibility of Alexandrium catenella Strains from Southern Chile
The bloom-forming toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella was first detected in southern Chile (39.5–55° S) 50 years ago and is responsible for most of the area’s cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Given the complex life history of A. catenella, which includes benthic sexual cysts, in this study, we examined the potential link between latitude, toxicity, and sexual compatibility. Nine clones isolated from Chilean Patagonia were used in self- and out-crosses in all possible combinations (n = 45). The effect of latitude on toxicity, reproductive success indexes, and cyst production was also determined. Using the toxin profiles for all strains, consisting of C1, C2, GTX4, GTX1, GTX3, and NeoSTX, a latitudinal gradient was determined for their proportions (%) and content per cell (pg cell−1), with the more toxic strains occurring in the north (−40.6° S). Reproductive success also showed a latitudinal tendency and was lower in the north. None of the self-crosses yielded resting cysts. Rather, the production of resting cysts was highest in pairings of clones separated by distances of 1000–1650 km. Our results contribute to a better understanding of PSP outbreaks in the region and demonstrate the importance of resting cysts in fueling new toxic events. They also provide additional evidence that the introduction of strains from neighboring regions is a cause for concern.En prens
Characterizing entanglement with global and marginal entropic measures
We qualify the entanglement of arbitrary mixed states of bipartite quantum
systems by comparing global and marginal mixednesses quantified by different
entropic measures. For systems of two qubits we discriminate the class of
maximally entangled states with fixed marginal mixednesses, and determine an
analytical upper bound relating the entanglement of formation to the marginal
linear entropies. This result partially generalizes to mixed states the
quantification of entaglement with marginal mixednesses holding for pure
states. We identify a class of entangled states that, for fixed marginals, are
globally more mixed than product states when measured by the linear entropy.
Such states cannot be discriminated by the majorization criterion.Comment: 6 pages, 5 color figures in low resolution due to oversizing
problems; to get the original high-resolution figures please contact the
authors. Minor changes, final versio
Thermal shape fluctuation effects in the description of hot nuclei
The behavior of several nuclear properties with temperature is analyzed
within the framework of the Finite Temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (FTHFB)
theory with the Gogny force and large configuration spaces. Thermal shape
fluctuations in the quadrupole degree of freedom, around the mean field
solution, are taken into account with the Landau prescription. As
representative examples the nuclei Er, Dy and Hg are
studied. Numerical results for the superfluid to normal and deformed to
spherical shape transitions are presented. We found a substantial effect of the
fluctuations on the average value of several observables. In particular, we get
a decrease in the critical temperature () for the shape transition as
compared with the plain FTHFB prediction as well as a washing out of the shape
transition signatures. The new values of are closer to the ones found in
Strutinsky calculations and with the Pairing Plus Quadrupole model Hamiltonian.Comment: 17 pages, 8 Figure
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