Ultrastructure of Dentin Matrix in Heritable Dentin Defects

Heritable dentin defects form a group of diseases which exclusively affect dentin among the various dental tissues. While one type is associated with the generalized connective tissue disorder, osteogenesis imperfecta, other types occur as single traits. The clinical manifestations of the dentin defects vary from insignificant to severe enough to cause aesthetical and functional failure of the teeth. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies, reviewed in this paper, have markedly clarified the ultrastructure of the aberrant dentin matrix. Both similar and different changes seem to occur in the various forms of heritable dentin defects. Abnormalities in the appearance and organization pattern of collagen fibers in the defective dentin partly resemble those observed in skin in generalized connective tissue diseases. The similarity of ultrastructural findings in dentin defects, which are currently classified as distinct entities, and even in diseases affecting other tissues, could be related to the complicated interactions between the extracellular matrix macromolecules. Thus, many of the changes observed may be secondary in nature. Ultra-structural studies can help us to understand the pathogenesis of the different types of heritable dentin defects as well as aid in diagnostics and classification of these diseases

Pathogenic Yersinia and Listeria monocytogenes in organic pork production

The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia and Listeria monocytogenes in organic pork production and assess risks in different steps of the pork production chain

Transformationaalinen johtaminen hoitohenkilökunnan työhyvinvointia edistävänä tekijänä

Tiivistelmä. Tämän kirjallisuuskatsauksen tarkoituksena on kuvata transformationaalisen johtamisen yhteyttä hoitohenkilökunnan työhyvinvointiin. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen tavoitteena on kuvata viimeaikaisten tutkimusten perusteella sitä, miten transformationaalinen johtaminen näyttäytyy työyhteisön arjessa hoitohenkilökunnan työhyvinvoinnin näkökulmasta. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen tiedonhaku suoritettiin maaliskuussa 2019 neljään eri tietokantaan: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL ja Medic. Lisäksi suoritettiin manuaalinen haku. Hakutulosten rajauksessa käytettiin ennalta määriteltyjä sisäänotto- ja poissulkukriteereitä. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen aineistoksi valikoitui viisi alkuperäistutkimusta, jotka on julkaistu vuosina 2010–2019. Aineisto analysoitiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysillä. Tämän kirjallisuuskatsauksen tulosten perusteella transformatioaalisella johtamisella on selkeä positiivinen yhteys hoitohenkilökunnan työhyvinvointiin. Transformationaalinen johtaminen on ihmiskeskeistä johtamista, joka keskittyy työyhteisön vuorovaikutussuhteiden ja keskinäisen luottamuksen vahvistamiseen sekä työntekijöiden hyvinvointiin. Transformationaalinen johtaminen lisää työntekijän psykososiaalisia voimavaroja, motivoi ja sitouttaa sekä vahvistaa työyhteisön yhteenkuuluvuuden tunnetta. Transformationaalisessa johtamisessa korostuvat motivoiva johtaminen, johtajan hyvät yhteistyökyky- ja vuorovaikutustaidot, tuen antaminen sekä johtajan näkyvyys työyhteisön arjessa. Johtopäätöksenä voidaan todeta, että transformationaalisella johtamisella on mahdollisuus vaikuttaa hoitohenkilöstön työhyvinvointiin ja työssä jaksamiseen sekä työilmapiiriin ja työolosuhteisiin monin eri tavoin

Two kinds of procedural semantics for privative modification

In this paper we present two kinds of procedural semantics for privative modification. We do this for three reasons. The first reason is to launch a tough test case to gauge the degree of substantial agreement between a constructivist and a realist interpretation of procedural semantics; the second is to extend Martin-L ̈f’s Constructive Type Theory to privative modification, which is characteristic of natural language; the third reason is to sketch a positive characterization of privation

Dependent Types for Pragmatics

This paper proposes the use of dependent types for pragmatic phenomena such as pronoun binding and presupposition resolution as a type-theoretic alternative to formalisms such as Discourse Representation Theory and Dynamic Semantics.Comment: This version updates the paper for publication in LEU

Costs and benefits of pig feed salmonella control programme in Finland

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A Subspace Method for Dynamical Estimation of Evoked Potentials

It is a challenge in evoked potential (EP) analysis to incorporate prior physiological knowledge for estimation. In this paper, we address the problem of single-channel trial-to-trial EP characteristics estimation. Prior information about phase-locked properties of the EPs is assesed by means of estimated signal subspace and eigenvalue decomposition. Then for those situations that dynamic fluctuations from stimulus-to-stimulus could be expected, prior information can be exploited by means of state-space modeling and recursive Bayesian mean square estimation methods (Kalman filtering and smoothing). We demonstrate that a few dominant eigenvectors of the data correlation matrix are able to model trend-like changes of some component of the EPs, and that Kalman smoother algorithm is to be preferred in terms of better tracking capabilities and mean square error reduction. We also demonstrate the effect of strong artifacts, particularly eye blinks, on the quality of the signal subspace and EP estimates by means of independent component analysis applied as a prepossessing step on the multichannel measurements

37 GHz observations of a large sample of BL Lacertae objects

We present 37 GHz data obtained at Metsahovi Radio Observatory in 2001 December - 2005 April for a large sample of BL Lacertae objects. We also report the mean variability indices and radio spectral indices in frequency intervals 5 - 37 GHz and 37 - 90 GHz. Approximately 34 % of the sample was detected at 37 GHz, 136 BL Lacertae objects in all. A large majority of the detected sources were low-energy BL Lacs (LBLs). The variability index values of the sample were diverse, the mean fractional variability of the sample being \Delta S_2 = 0.31. The spectral indices also varied widely, but the average radio spectrum of the sample sources is flat. Our observations show that many of the high-energy BL Lacs (HBL), which are usually considered radio-quiet, can at times be detected at 37 GHz.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures + 5 tables. Published in Astronomical Journa

Presupposition projection as proof construction

Even though Van der Sandt's presuppositions as anaphora approach is empirically successful, it fails to give a formal account of the interaction between world-knowledge and presuppositions. In this paper, an algorithm is sketched which is based on the idea of presuppositions as anaphora. It improves on this approach by employing a deductive system, Constructive Type Theory (CTT), to get a formal handle on the way world-knowledge influences presupposition projection. In CTT, proofs for expressions are explicitly represented as objects. These objects can be seen as a generalization of DRT's discourse markers. They are useful in dealing with presuppositional phenomena which require world-knowledge, such as Clark's bridging examples and Beaver's conditional presuppositions